US SAILING Judges Workshop - Study s 1 >UPD> When a boat has been protested by the protest committee (PC) because the PC learned that the boat was involved in an incident that may have resulted in injury or serious damage, at the beginning of the hearing the PC must determine that injury or serious damage did result from the incident in question before it continues the hearing. 2 >NEW> When Appendices B, C, and D do not apply, a protest shall, among other requirements, be in writing and correctly identify any rule the protestor believes was broken. 3 >UPD> Races in compliance with The Racing Rules of Sailing shall organized only by ISAF or a member national authority of the ISAF. 4 At an event open only to entrants under the jurisdiction of a national authority, the right of appeal may be denied if approved by the national authority and stated in the notice of race and the sailing instructions. 5 >UPD> A boat that takes a penalty under rule 44.1 shall not be penalized further with respect to the same incident unless she failed to retire when required to do so. 6 The parties to a hearing, or a representative of each, have the right to be present throughout the hearing of the evidence. 7 In order for the Two-Turns Penalty to apply to boats in a regatta, notice must be given in the sailing instructions. 8 >UPD> The sailing instructions may change rule 42 if they refer specifically to it and state the change. 9 >UPD> Unless changed in the sailing instructions, if a series is held over a period of time longer than a regatta, a boat that came to the starting area but did not start shall be scored points for the finishing place one more than the number of boats that came to the starting area. 10 To get clear after grounding or colliding with another boat, a boat is permitted to use force applied by the crew of either boat. 11 >UPD> US SAILING prescribes that a boat that displays flags while racing other than for signaling may be penalized by the race committee without a hearing. 12 The race committee cannot be a party to a hearing. 13 If a protest committee calls a hearing under rule 69 (Allegations of Gross Misconduct) and the competitor fails to attend the hearing, the protest committee may still conduct a hearing and impose a penalty if appropriate. 14 A boat s standing rigging shall be adjusted and operated only by manual power. 15 A boat intends to protest another boat for two separate incidents during a race, neither of which resulted in damage or injury. No matter how close in time the incidents occured, the protesting boat must inform the protested boat of her intent to protest for each incident. 16 A boat that changes course only to interfere with a boat on another leg or lap of the course may be penalized only under rule 16. 17 >UPD> A boat sailing on a beat to windward may not sail below her proper course while she is less than two of her hull lengths from a leeward boat on the same tack. 18 The sailing instructions may change the definition of 'obstruction' for a national championship. p. 1 of 6 StudyQ2005-jan13-05
US SAILING Judges Workshop - Study s 19 >UPD> A protest committee may protest a boat after discovering in through an invalid protest that there may have been serious damage in the incident reported. 20 At the conclusion of a hearing, a written copy of the protest with the facts found and the reason for the decision must be given to a boat disqualified. 21 When so stated in the notice of race, changes in the sailing instructions may be communicated orally at the competitor's meeting held ashore. 22 US SAILING prescribes by participating in an event governed by the rules, a boat agrees that responsibility for damages arising from any breach of the rules shall be based on fault as determined by application of the rules, and that she shall not be governed by the legal doctrine of assumption of risk for monetary damages resulting from contact with other boats. 23 If a protest committee discovers new evidence pertinent to a protest it has decided, it is required to reopen the hearing. 24 When an inside overlapped right-of-way boat must gybe at an obstruction to sail her proper course, until she gybes she shall sail no farther from the obstruction than needed to sail that course. 25 If two boats pass head to wind at the same time and they are overlapped, the one on the other s starboard side shall keep clear. 26 When at the starting signal the race committee is unable to identify boats that are on the course side of the starting line or to which rule 30 applies, the race committee shall signal a general recall. 27 The Racing Rules of Sailing requires that the notice of race be made available to all boats participating in a regatta before a race begins. 28 A boat intending to protest because of an incident occurring immediately after the start of a race must fly her protest flag until it is acknowledged by the race committee. 29 A party to a protest hearing may be disqualified without a separate hearing even if she was not the boat protested. 30 To enter a race, a boat shall comply with the requirements of the organizing authority of the race. 31 The expression 'clear astern' does not apply to boats on opposite tacks unless rule 18 (Rounding and Passing Marks and Obstructions) applies. 32 Once the protest committee refers a measurement question to the qualified authority, the committee is bound by the authority's reply. 33 >UPD> Rule 14 (Avoiding Contact) does not apply between a boat that is racing and a boat no longer racing. 34 >UPD> A member of the race committee is an interested party for the hearing of a request for redress that alleges an improper act or omission of the race committee and may not sit on the protest committee for that hearing. 35 >UPD> Unless changed in the sailing instructions, a party to a hearing may ask for a reopening no later than 24 hours after being informed of the decision. p. 2 of 6 StudyQ2005-jan13-05
US SAILING Judges Workshop - Study s 36 When a protest committee receives a report causing it to believe that a competitor may have committed a gross breach of good manners it cannot call a hearing unless a valid protest has been filed 37 >UPD> Some US SAILING prescriptions shall not be changed or deleted by the sailing instructions, even for international events. 38 The notice of race does not need to include the name of the organizing authority. 39 Appendix M (Recommendations for Protest Committees) is a list of suggestions addressed primarily to uncertified judges wishing to learn more about proper procedures. 40 >UPD> A protest committee shall not hear a protest that is delivered after the protest time limit. 41 When a boat s crew moves their bodies to exaggerate the rolling that facilitates steering the boat through a tack or a gybe, they break rule 42 if the boat s speed is greater just after the maneuver than it would have been in the absence of the tack or gybe. 42 >UPD> In the Low Point System of scoring, if a boat that starts and finishs a race, her finishing place is her race score unless she retires, is penalized, or granted redress. 43 By participating in a race conducted under The Racing Rules of Sailing, each competitor and boat owner agrees to be governed by the rules. 44 >UPD> US SAILING prescribes that a boat whose entry to a race is rejected shall be, upon written request, entitled to a hearing by the protest committee. 45 Repeated movement of the helm that propels a boat forward is permitted when used to help a person or another vessel in danger. 46 When flag Y is displayed with one sound before or with the warning signal, competitors are required to wear life-jackets or other adequate personal buoyancy devices 47 A race committee may protest a boat as a result of information from an invalid protest. 48 If the sailing instructions do not identify the scoring system to be used, the race committee has no way under the Racing Rules of Sailing to know how to score a race or series. 49 A parent of a competitor at an event is not an interested party for any protest except when his child is a protestor or protestee. 50 There are no exceptions to the requirement that a protest committee must hear all protests delivered to the race office. 51 If a boat has been identified as not complying with rule 30.3 (Black Flag Rule), she shall be disqualified even if the race is postponed before the starting signal. 52 When a race committee boat flies flag S accompanied by two sound signals at a gate mark, the finishing line is between the nearest gate mark and the staff displaying flag S. 53 A boat takes a Scoring Penalty by displaying a yellow flag at the first reasonable opportunity after the incident, keeping it displayed until finishing, and calling the race committee s attention to it at the finishing line. p. 3 of 6 StudyQ2005-jan13-05
US SAILING Judges Workshop - Study s 54 The prescriptions of a national authority, class rules or the sailing instructions may change a racing rule only as permitted by rule 86 (Rule Changes). 55 >NEW> A boat is approaching an obstruction that is not a mark and that will require a close-hauled boat to make a substantial course change to avoid the obstruction. She intends to tack, but cannot tack and avoid another boat on the same tack. She may hail for room to tack at any time as long as she gives the hailed boat time to respond before tacking. 56 The time limit for delivering requests for redress cannot be later than the protest time limit. 57 Rule 18 (ROUNDING AND PASSING MARKS AND OBSTRUCTIONS) applies to boats on opposite tacks on a beat to windward when they are about to enter the two-length zone. 58 If two boats were on opposite tacks and one of them tacked within the twolength zone to pass a mark while the other was fetching the mark, the boat that tacked shall give room if the other boat becomes overlapped inside her. 59 If there is an incident between boats in different races run by different organizing authorities the hearing must be held by an international jury. 60 After the starting signal, rule 18 applies between two boats. When the rightof-way boat is changing course to round or pass a mark, rule 16 does not apply between her and the other boat. 61 When a mark is missing, the race committee would be acting properly to substitute a buoy displaying flag M and make repetitive sounds. 62 >UPD> After touching a mark of the course a boat may, after getting well clear of other boats as soon as possible, take a penalty by promptly making one turn including one tack and one gybe. 63 When a boat is head to wind, the side that was previously away from the wind is her leeward side. 64 A boat is sailing towards a beach. With no solicitation, a spectator on the beach who is an disinterested source yells to the boat to look out for shoal water. Hearing the warning, the boat promptly tacks and narrowly averts running aground. But by heeding the warning, the boat has broken a rule. 65 >UPD> If the sailing instructions require attendance at a competitors' meeting, changes to the sailing instructions announced at that meeting do not require posting in order to go into effect. 66 A US SAILING judge shall own a current copy of The Racing Rules of Sailing. 67 In the Racing Rules of Sailing, there are two categories of protest committees that are based on rule 90 (Protest Committees). 68 A boat is entitled to appeal a protest decision only if she is a party to the hearing in which the decision was made. 69 A boat that fails to sail the course correctly may not correct her error after she crosses the finish line. 70 >UPD> Unless changed in the sailing instructions, when an abandoned race is being resailed the preparatory signal will be made 1 minute after the removal of flag N. p. 4 of 6 StudyQ2005-jan13-05
US SAILING Judges Workshop - Study s 71 After the starting signal, the race committee may not abandon the race because of foul weather. 72 The notice of race shall identify any racing rules that will be changed and a summary of the changes, when that information helps competitors decide whether to attend the event. 73 >UPD> While racing before the starting signal, a starboard-tack boat changing her course breaks rule 16 (Changing Course) if a port-tack boat crossing and keeping clear can continue to keep clear by changing course, but must promptly change course in order to do so. 74 >UPD> After touching a mark of the course, a boat takes a penalty turn. Even though she makes one tack and one gybe, her penalty turn is not valid if she does not complete a full 360 degree turn. 75 Once a leeward boat, after establishing an overlap from clear astern, has initially given the windward boat room to keep clear, the windward boat breaks a rule if by luffing she causes contact. 76 A boat shall use only the equipment on board at her preparatory signal. 77 >UPD> While racing after the starting signal, a starboard-tack boat changing her course breaks rule 16 (Changing Course) if a port-tack boat sailling to pass clear astern and keeping clear needs to immediately change course to continue to keep clear. 78 A fundamental principle of sportsmanship noted in The Racing Rules of Sailing is that when competitors break a rule they will promptly take a penalty, which may be to retire. 79 Pumping is the repeated fanning of any sail either by trimming and releasing the sail or by vertical or athwartships body movement. 80 The sailing instructions are required by The Racing Rules of Sailing to include the information that there is no time limit for finishing, if that applies. 81 >UPD> In deciding an appeal of a protest committee s decision, the appeals committee must accept the facts in the protest committee's original decision as adequate and base its decision on them. 82 When Appendices B, C, and D do not apply, a protest is required to be in writing to be valid. 83 >UPD> A boat whose finishing place in a race was made significantly worse through no fault of her own is not entitled to redress if her score was made worse due to damage caused by a vessel not racing that was required to keep clear. 84 The sailing instructions are not allowed to replace rules of Part 2 with right-ofway rules of the IRPCAS or government right-of-way rules. 85 An inside boat without right of way is allowed, under the definition of 'room,' to pass a mark in a tactically desirable manner. 86 The Race Signals, Introduction, and preambles in The Racing Rules of Sailing are rules. 87 OCS, ZFP, BFD, SCP, RDG, and DGM are among the abbreviations recommended in The Racing Rules of Sailing for different scoring circumstances. 88 All parties to a hearing shall be allowed reasonable time to prepare for the hearing. p. 5 of 6 StudyQ2005-jan13-05
US SAILING Judges Workshop - Study s 89 >UPD> US SAILING prescribes that to appeal the decision of a protest committee at a local regatta, the appellant shall send the appeal to the association appeals committee for the place in which the event was held. 90 Boat A and B are both racing boats. Boat A encounters a vessel that is not racing. Boat B sees the encounter and believes that boat A broke a right-ofway rule of the IRPCAS during the encounter. Boat B may protest boat A for the incident. 91 >UPD> If two boats are overlapped as they approach the two-length zone of a leeward mark and the inside boat falls astern of the other after she reached the zone, the boat astern is still entitled to room. 92 Flag I may be displayed with one sound as a preparatory signal in a starting sequence. 93 >UPD> Two boats are have passed head to wind and neither has yet reached a close-hauled course. If they are not overlapped, the rules require the boat that passed head-to-wind last to keep clear. 94 If flag Z was displayed and part of a boat's crew is identified within the triangle formed by the ends of the starting line and the first mark during the minute before her starting signal, she shall be given a 20% scoring penalty only if the start is recalled. 95 >UPD> Unless changed in the sailing instructions, the warning signal will be made 1 minute after the removal of flag AP unless at that time the race is postponed again or abandoned. 96 When a boat while racing breaks a rule of Part 2 (When Boats Meet) at or near the finishing line, she shall sail completely to the course side of the line before taking a Two-Turns Penalty. 97 Appeals and requests shall conform to Appendix F. 98 When a race has been rescheduled, new entries that meet the entry requirements of the original race may be accepted at the discretion of the race committee. 99 Even though an international jury is appointed, if it acts while not properly constituted, its decisions may be appealed 100 Only one mainsail shall be carried set at a time. p. 6 of 6 StudyQ2005-jan13-05