Some Facts About Output

Some Facts About Output

GNP as a Percentage of GDP in 2009 Country % Kuwait 110,38 United Kingdom 102 Japan 103,14 United States 99,24 China 100,87 Germany 101,41 Mexico 98,34 Poland 96,76 Ireland 81,19 Source: Penn World Tables 7.0

2011 GDP value added by sectors 100% 19,55% 13,77% 24,90% 80% 60% 53,87% 49,28% 51,76% 40% 7,88% 20% 6,09% 18,98% 25,46% 4,99% 17,00% 0% 1,51% 3,60% 1,34% EU15 PL US Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing Total industry Construction Market Services Nonmarket Services Source: Eurostat 2012

2011 GDP - expenditures 1% 19% 22% 15% 22% 18% 17% 58% 61% ` 71% -1% -4% EU15 PL US Final private consumption Final public consumption Gross capital formation Net Export Source: Eurostat 2012

Nominal vs. Real GDP 1805 1505 1205 905 605 305 5 Polish (left axis) and US (right axis) nominal and real GDP in billions of 2005 USD 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 Poland Nominal Poland Real US Nominal US Real Source: Penn World Tables 7.1

The Effects of PPP Adjustment 2010 GDP pc 2010 GDP pc in EU27 Euro Germany 30 500 29 000 Japan 24 900 27 000 Norway 64 500 44 200 Poland 9 300 15 300 Switzerland 53 400 37 400 United States 35 300 36 000 EU 27 25 137 25 137 Remark: EU27 Euro vs. international $. Source: Eurostat 2012

U.S. and Polish real GDP has increased seven times since 1950 Polish (left axis) and US (right axis) GDP (in billions of 2011 intern. $) 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 15 000 13 000 11 000 9 000 7 000 5 000 3 000 1 000 1953 1958 1963 1968 1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998 2003 2008 Poland USA Remark: Be careful with communist statistics. Source: GGDC 2012

U.S. population has doubled since 1950 while Polish population has increased by 55% 40 37 34 31 28 25 Polish (left axis) and US (right axis) population (in millions) 310 290 270 250 230 210 190 170 150 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Poland USA Source: GGDC 2012

U.S. real GDP per capita has tripled since 1950 while Polish has quadrapeled but still Polish real GDP pc PPP in 2011 = US real GDP pc in 1965 Polish (left axis) and US (right axis) GDP per capita (in 2011 inter. $) 20 000 18 000 16 000 14 000 12 000 10 000 8 000 6 000 4 000 50 000 45 000 40 000 35 000 30 000 25 000 20 000 15 000 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Poland USA Source: GGDC 2012

Source: UNDP, Human Development Report 2011

GDP and the Human Development Index 2005 1 0,9 HDI Index 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 GDP Index Source: UNDP, Human Develoopment Report 2007/08

The Wealth of Nations: per capita GDPs in 1990 international $s Country/Year 1000 1820 2008 World 453 667 7 614 Western Europe (12 countries) 427 1 202 22 246 CEE (7 countries) 400 683 8 569 Western Offshoots 400 1 202 30 152 Latin America (7 countries) 400 691 7 614 Africa 425 420 1 780 Asia 470 581 5 611 China 466 600 6 725 Japan 425 669 22 816 Source: GGDC, Maddison, 2012

Regional growth paths 31 000 21 000 11 000 1 000 Real GDP pc in 1990 international $ USA WO WE CEE LA Asia Africa 1870 1878 1886 1894 1902 1910 1918 1926 1934 1942 1950 1958 1966 1974 1982 1990 1998 2006 Western Europe (12) Western Offshoots CEE (7) USA Asia Latin America Africa Source: GGDC, Maddison, 2012

Growth paths: developed countries Real GDP in 1990 international $ 31 800 28 800 25 800 22 800 19 800 16 800 13 800 10 800 7 800 4 800 1 800 1870 1878 1886 1894 1902 1910 1918 1926 1934 1942 1950 1958 1966 1974 1982 1990 1998 2006 France Germany United Kingdom USA Source: GGDC, Maddison, 2012

Illustration: Exponential Growth Logarithm of real GDP pc in 1990 international $ 4,7 4,2 3,7 3,2 1870 1878 1886 1894 1902 1910 1918 1926 1934 1942 1950 1958 1966 1974 1982 1990 1998 2006 France Germany United Kingdom USA Source: GGDC, Maddison, 2012

The South East Asian Growth Miracles 30 850 25 850 20 850 15 850 10 850 5 850 850 Real GDP pc in 1990 international $ 1950 1958 1966 1974 1982 1990 1998 2006 Japan South Korea Singapur Taiwan Hong Kong Source: GGDC, Maddison, 2012

Growth in Latin America Real GDP pc in 1990 international $ 12,650 9,650 6,650 3,650 650 1901 1905 1909 1913 1917 1921 1925 1929 1933 1937 1941 1945 1949 1953 1957 1961 1965 1969 1973 1977 1981 1985 1989 1993 1997 2001 2005 Argentina Brasil Chile Mexico Source: GGDC, Maddison, 2012

Comparatively Little per capita Growth in India and China Real GDP pc in 1990 international $ 21 450 18 450 15 450 12 450 9 450 6 450 3 450 450 1950 1954 1958 1962 1966 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 Japan China India Source: GGDC, Maddison, 2012

Though in Levels They Are Big Already 9 160 7 660 6 160 4 660 3 160 1 660 160 Real GDP in billions 1990 international $ 1950 1954 1958 1962 1966 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 Japan China India USA Source: GGDC, Maddison, 2012

Growth in Africa? Real GDP pc in 1990 international $ 4 700 4 200 3 700 3 200 2 700 2 200 1 700 1 200 700 200 ` 1950 1954 1958 1962 1966 1970 1974 Liberia Zair Keyna 1978 Egypt Eritrea and Ethiopia South Africa 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 Source: GGDC, Maddison, 2012

Income discrepancies Density of GDP pc 2000 in intern. $ as % of US Density 0.01.02.03.04 0 50 100 150 GDP (pc PPP) in 2000 (USA=100) Source: Penn World Tables, 2008

Density (weighted by population) 0.01.02.03.04 Income discrepancies Density of GDP pc 2000 in intern. $ as % of US (population weighted) 0 50 100 150 GDP (pc PPP) in 2000 (USA=100) Source: Penn World Tables, 2008

Income discrepancies in time Kernel density 0.2.4.6.8 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 Log real GDP (pc PPP) 1970 1980 1990 2000 Source: Penn World Tables, 2008

World convergence? Average real GDP (pc PPP) growth rate 1960-2004 -5 0 5 10 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 Log real GDP (pc PPP) in 1960

Western Europe convergence Average real GDP (pc PPP) growth rate 1960-2004 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 3.6 3.8 4 4.2 Log real GDP (pc PPP) in 1960

Top Twenty real GDPs per capita in 2011 (in 1990 international $s) Luxembourg Hong Kong United States Singapore Norway Sweden Australia Switzerland Canada Trinidad & Tobago Netherlands Austria Taiwan Finland Iceland Belgium Denmark South Korea United Kingdom Ireland Japan France Germany Estonia 20 000 22 000 24 000 26 000 28 000 30 000 32 000 34 000 36 000 38 000 40 000 Source: GGDC, Maddison, 2012

Bottom Twenty real GDPs per capita in 2011 (in 1990 international $s) Iraq Angola Tajikistan Senegal Bangladesh Sudan Burkina Cameroon Uganda Kenya Mali Côte d'ivoire Ethiopia Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe Malawi Madagascar Niger DR Congo 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 Source: GGDC, Maddison, 2012