Sport Biomechanical Project The Golf Swing! Noah Gibson

Sport Biomechanical Project The Golf Swing! Noah Gibson

Table&of&Contents&! Page # 1. Title Page 2. Table of Contents 3. A Gold Swing: Introduction and Analysis 4. Preliminary Movement of the Golf Swing Description Mechanical and Muscular Analysis 5. The Act of Swinging Description 6. Mechanical and Muscular Analysis 7. The Follow Through of the Golf Swing 8. Mechanical and Muscular Analysis 9. Video Clip, Muscle Key and Bibliography 10. Muscle Drawings and Labeling (first one is Peroneus) 11. Extensor Digitorum Longus 12. Extensor Halluces Longus 13. Tibialis Anterior 14. Sartorius 15. Biceps Femoris 16. Popliteus 17. Semitendinosus 18. Gastrocnemius 19. Gracilis 20. Gluteus Medius 21. Gluteus Maximus 22. Gluteus Minimus 23. Tensor Fasciae Latae 24. Iliopsoas 25. Pectineus 26. Rectus Femoris 27. External Oblique Abdominal 28. Internal Oblique Abdominal 29. Transversus Abdominis 30. Biceps Brachii! 31. Brachialis 32. Brachioradialis 33. Pronator Teres 34. Triceps Brachii 35. Anconeus 36. Deltoid 37. Teres Major 38. Latissimus Dorsi 39. Supraspinatus 40. Subscapularis 41. Infraspinatus 42. Teres Minor 43. Pectoralis Major 44. Flexor Carpi Radialis 45. Flexor Pollicis Longus 46. Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis 47. Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus 48. Extensor Pollicis Longus 49. Extensor Pollicis Brevis 50. Abductor Pollicis Longus 51. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris 52. Extensor Carpi Ulnaris 53. Supinator 54. Pronator Quadratus 55. Sternocleidomastoid 56. Splenius Cervicis 57. Splenius Capitis 58. Erector Spinae: Iliocostalis 59. Erector Spinae: Longissimus 60. Erector Spinae: Spinalis 61. Quadratus Lumborum 62. Rectus Abdominis 63. Adductor Magnus 64. Soleus 65. Tibialis Posterior 66. Flexor Digitorum Longus 67. Flexor Hallucis Longus 68. Peroneus Longus 69. Peroneus Brevis, 2

A"Golf"Swing:"Introduction"and"Analysis"! Golf could be considered as one of the most difficult sports to master. The golf swing is very complicated, and takes years of practice to get to a point where it can be familiar enough to know what you have done wrong, and how you can fix the problem maybe. Every golf fan watches tournament after tournament every weekend where there hundreds of professional golfers that make the game look so easy. We start to think, hey I think I could do that, then we go out to the course and remember pretty quickly why we are not on the tour ourselves. Even the great Tom Watson understood how difficult it is to get a golf swing just right. He once said, My golf swing is a bit like ironing a shirt. You get one side smoothed out, turn it over and there is a big wrinkle on the other side. Then you iron that one out, turn it over and there is yet another wrinkle. In a lot of ways, you use every muscle in your body to perform a golf swing. I will do my best to highlight the most important muscles in this break down of the swing. One would think that there is only one swing (beside a put) in the game of golf. Yes that may be true, but the many adaptions that you need to make to your swing with the many different shots you have to face over a round of 18 holes is astounding. The ball is just sitting there waiting for you to hit it, how hard can it be? Just think of all the factors and questions you need to think of and answer that play into just one swing: what is the lie of the ball, how is your footing, what is the wind doing, how warm is it outside, what is the distance of the shot, what club to use, are there any obstacles in my way, where is the pin placement, what is the slope of the green, is my ball above my feet, is my ball below my feet, do I need to draw the ball, do I need to fade the ball, etc. As you can see, there are many factors in such a simple swing. I consider myself a lover of this great game of golf, and I chose the swing as my project, because I want to understand more of the in s and out s of the golf swing. I will explain the golf swing for a righthanded golfer.! 3

Preliminary!Movement!of!the!Golf!Swing! Description!! The par score or what is considered to be the average score for 18 holes is usually 72. That means if you play 18 holes, and hit the ball 72 times, or they are called strokes, it means you have shot par. For professional golfers, this is an ok score, but for most amateur golfers, shooting par would be a great feat to accomplish. Before each stroke, every golfer will most likely have a set up similar to this They would face their entire body 90 degrees to the right of their target (usually the pin). Their shoulders would be in line with the pin as well. Their feet will be a little wider than shoulder width apart with the ball placed approximately 2 feet away from your body and in the middle of your foot position. You will be relaxed when holding the club, making sure that the head of the club is placed flat on the ground directly behind the ball. Now to explain the rest of the body position, we will start from the ground up. Your feet will be flat on the ground and relaxed. There will me a small degree of ankle dorsal flexion due to the knee flexion of a very small degree. Your right knee will also have a slight tilt toward the center of your body, which actually would be hip internal rotation. There would be an approximate 20 degrees of flexion in the hips with as strait a lumbar section as possible. You want your arms to be straight with your wrists relaxed with a very loose and relaxed grip as well (you need to have a loose grip in order to roll your wrists at contact of the ball). There will be a slight shoulder flexion in order to hang your hands straight down due to your 20 degrees of hip flexion. You want to be sure that your head is straight, and want to try and stand your upper body (from hips up) as straight and tall as you can. 4

Mechanical!and!Muscular!Analysis!! 1. Ankle Dorsal Flexion: Peroneus, Extensor digitorum longus, Extensor halluces longus, Tibialis anterior 2. Knee Flexion: Sartorius, Biceps femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, Popliteus, Gastrocnemius, and Gracilis 3. Hip Internal Rotation: Semimembranosus, Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus, Tensor fasciae latae, Gracilis, Semitendinosus 4. Hip Flexion: Iliopsoas, Iliacus, Psoas major and minor, Pectineus, Rectus Femoris, Sartorius, Gluteus minimus, Tensor fasciae latae The!Act!of!Swinging!! Description!! For what we will call the act of swinging will be from the draw back, or what is also known as the back swing, all the way up to just after contact of the golf ball. It is very important to have good tempo, and consistent tempo with your golf swing. You don t want to rush your back swing, and you don t want to over swing. Let the club do the work! You will hit the ball much further if you hit it square than you would by swinging as hard as you can. Lets start with the draw back. You want to keep your left arm straight as long as possible. The way you do this is by imagining your are going to put the head of your golf club straight back into the catchers mitt. This helps with proper body rotation. You rotate your body 90 degrees to the right through lumbar rotation unilaterally and right transverse pelvic rotation. Also on your back swing you begin to bend your right arm 90 degrees at the elbow though elbow flexion, and tuck that elbow into your right side through shoulder abduction and shoulder external rotation. You want to keep your right knee flexed, and you want to begin to abduct your left knee towards your right knee just a tad through left hip internal rotation. On your down swing, you want to try to stay on, or be under your initial swing plane. You rotate your trunk back to the left through Lumbar rotation unilaterally and left transverse pelvic rotation. You want to create lag in the club head by keeping your wrist cocked, by wrist abduction and radioulnar supination. Also when you bring the club back towards the ball you will rotate your shoulder through shoulder internal rotation. Your left knee should begin to perform extension so your leg should be close to straight at contact of the ball. You also want to drive, and get a lot of your power from your flexed right knee through impact. Right at contact you snap roll your wrists through the ball. This is also where a lot of your power comes from, and this timing is very important if you 5

want to hit the ball straight. You do this through wrist adduction and Radioulnar pronation. It was mentioned earlier to make sure you have a loose grip, and this is the reason why, so you can roll your wrists quickly and effortlessly. Also at impact, you want to make sure both of your arms are straight. You straighten both of your arms through extension at the elbow. Mechanical!and!Muscle!Analysis!! 1. Lumbar Rotation Unilaterally: External Oblique abdominal, Internal oblique abdominal, Transversus abdominis, Multifidus, Rotatores, Semispinalis cervicis, Semispinalis thoracis, Scalenus anterior, Scalenus medius, Scalenus posterior 2. Transverse Pelvic Rotation: Iliacus, Psoas major and minor, 3. Elbow Flexion: Biceps brachii long head, Biceps brachii short head, Brachialis, Brachioradialis, Pronator teres 4. Elbow Extension: Triceps brachii long head, Triceps brachii lateral head, Triceps brachii medial head, Anconeus 5. Shoulder Abduction: Pectoralis major upper fibers, Deltoid anterior fibers, Deltoid middle fibers, Deltoid posterior fibers, Supraspinatus, Latissimus Dorsi, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, 6. Shoulder External Rotation: Deltoid posterior fibers, Infraspinatus, Teres minor 7. Shoulder Internal Rotation: Pectoralis major upper fibers, Pectoralis major lower fibers, Subscapularis, Deltoid anterior fibers, Latissimus dorsi, Teres major 8. Knee Flexion Sartorius, Biceps femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, Popliteus, Gastrocnemius, and Gracilis 9. Knee Extension: Rectus femoris, Vastus intermedius, Vastus lateralis, Vastus medialis, 10. Hip Internal Rotation Semimembranosus, Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus, Tensor fasciae latae, Gracilis, Semitendinosus 11. Wrist Abduction Flexor carpi radialis, Flexor pollicis longus, Extensor carpi radialis brevis, Extensor carpi radialis longus, Extensor pollicis longus, Extensor pollicis brevis, Abductor pollicis longus 12. Wrist Adduction Flexor carpi ulnaris, Extensor carpi ulnaris, 13. Radioulnar Supination 6

Biceps brachii long head, Biceps brachii short head, Brachioradialis, Supinator 14. Radioulnar Pronation: Brachioradialis, Pronator teres, Pronator quadratus, The!Follow!Through!of!the!Golf!Swing!! Description! In this description of the golf swing we will say the follow through begins shortly after the ball strike, and ends when we arrive to our posing stance. We will continue to rotate our bodies after we strike the ball in our follow through, and we do that through lumbar rotation unilaterally. We will continue to rotate till our shoulders are 90 degrees to the left. If you remember, we stopped our back swing rotation at 90 degrees to the right, so a good way to remember where your rotation should end, you should just replace your shoulders with each other, so you will end up facing your target. Also you will notice in the picture below that you should crunch your right side down a little for your finished pose. You accomplish this by lumbar lateral flexion. In our back swing, we wanted to rotate our body around, but we wanted to make sure that our body did not sway drastically. Now that we are in our follow through, we want our momentum to carry us forward yet still maintain balance. We do this through posterior pelvic rotation. A good way to remember this is thinking that 7

you want to point your belt buckle directly at the target. This also means that we will straighten our entire trunk and we will do that through hip extension. We will also have right ankle plantar flexion to end up with our toes in the ground, and heel off the ground. As far as your arms are concerned, you will have flexion at your elbows to bring both of your arms to a 90-degree angle. Your wrists will also have abduction to finish with your club perpendicular with the ground. When all of these things have been accomplished, you should be in your finishing pose, and should hold this for a second or two to make sure you finish your swing, and to make sure you finish balanced. Mechanical!and!Muscle!Analysis! 1. Lumbar Rotation Unilaterally: External Oblique abdominal, Internal oblique abdominal, Transversus abdominis, Multifidus, Rotatores, Semispinalis cervicis, Semispinalis thoracis, Scalenus anterior, Scalenus medius, Scalenus posterior 2. Lumbar Lateral Flexion: Sternocleidomastoid, Splenius cervicis, Splenius capitis, Erector spinae: Iliocostalis, Erector spinae: Longissimus, Erector spinae: Spinalis, Quadratus lumborum, Rectus abdominis, External oblique abdominal, Internal oblique abdominal, 3. Posterior Pelvic Rotation: Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, Biceps femoris, Gluteus maximus, Gluteus medius posterior fibers, 4. Hip Extension: Adductor magnus, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, Biceps femoris, Gluteus maximus, Gluteus medius posterior fibers, 5. Ankle Plantar Flexion: Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Tibialis posterior, Flexor digitorum longus, Flexor hallucis longus, Peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, 6. Elbow Flexion: 8

Biceps brachii long head, Biceps brachii short head, Brachialis, Brachioradialis, Pronator teres 7. Wrist Abduction: Flexor carpi radialis, Flexor pollicis longus, Extensor carpi radialis brevis, Extensor carpi radialis longus, Extensor pollicis longus, Extensor pollicis brevis, Abductor pollicis longus Video!Clip:!! http://animoto.com/play/qpmzq5vt0wx5pp9t8ylqpg Muscle!Key:!! Origin: Yellow Insertion: Blue Belly: Red Tendon: Green Bibliography:!! http://golfinstructiontipsfree.com/golf-swing/video-golf-swing/ http://golflifelessons.com/famous_golf_quotes.html http://www.golftoday.co.uk/noticeboard/quotes/swing.html http://www.munosconggolf.com/tag/golf-swing-tips-2 9