SWELOGS a population study on Gambling and Health 2008/09 A presentation of key findings from the first data collections Marie Risbeck & Katarina Paulsson
Contents Background Gambling in Sweden Gambling problems Gambling and health Comparisons Conclusions
Sweden s aim of the Public Health Policy Participation and influence in society Economic and social prerequisites Conditions during childhood and adolescence Health is to in create working social lifeconditions that will ensure Environments good health, and on equal products terms for the entire Health-promoting population health services Protection against communicable diseases Sexuality and reproductive health Physical activity Eating habits and food Tobacco, alcohol, illicit drugs, doping and gambling
Gambling Market in Sweden Lotteries Gambling machines Sports betting International casinos Restaurant casinos Horseracing Bingo Internetgambling
A Public Health perspective on PG Holistic perspective, analyse health factors in relation to their context Focus on the decisive factors which lies behind a good or poor public health (risk and protective factors) Develop evidence based methods for prevention and change
Efforts to integrate a public health perspective in SWELOGS Bringing in the social context Focus on determinants Measurement development Evaluating the short instrument FORS Pooling items from several PG-measurement instruments
SWELOGS Swedish Longitudinal Gambling Study Two tracks: Epidemiological track 1 st 2008/09 2 nd 2009/10 3 rd 2011/12 4 th 2013/14 In depth track 1 st 2010/2011 Second & third ID wave parallel to the EP wave 3 & 4
Study Objectives On a population basis: measure the extent of gambling problems describe gambling patterns identify the most affected groups in society investigate how gambling problems correlate with gambling patterns, social situation, health and economy develop enhanced measuring instruments for gambling problems
Sampling & Data Collection 15 000 individuals, aged 16-84, representative for the population Telephone interviews Postal questionnaires Register variables are added Response rate is 63 %
Questionnaire Gambling habits Gambling forms PGSI, SOGS & FORS Health Alcohol, tobacco consumption Social context of gambling Social Relations Position on labour market Economic situation Help seeking
Gambling in Sweden
Gambling Problems in Sweden PGSI Problem Gambling Severity Index 0 points No gambling problem 1-2 points Low risk 3-7 points Moderate risk 8+ points Problem gambling 6 742 900 393 700 163 800 94.7 % 5.4 % 2.2 % 3-8+ points Gambling problems 70 % of the population has gambled during the past year 44 % gambles on a regular basis
Gambling Forms & Gender 60% 53 56 60% 50% 50% 40% 40% 32 30% 20% 10% 30% 24 20% 10% 28 9 27 20 13% 17 4% 4 13 3 12 7 8 9 3 4 0% 0% Lottery Lotto Sports Horses InternetPoker Casino Games Vegas Men Women Machines TV-Shows Bingo Men Women
Gambling Among Minors 16-17 years 60% 60% 50% 50% 40% 40% 30% 33 29 30% 33 23 20% 20% 18 10% 0% 10 10% 7 4 4% 4 1 2 1 1% 1 0% Lottery Lotto Sports Horses Internet Poker Casino Men Women Games 11 Vegas Machines 6 8 TV-Shows 3 1 Bingo Men Women
Gambling Among Elderly 65-84 years 60% 51 51 40% 34 28 27 20% 18 15 0% 7 Lottery Lotto Sports Horses Poker Casino games Vegas (machines) 2 2 1 1 2 4 6 6 5 2 TV-shows Bingo Men Women
Gambling problems
Gambling Problems by Gender & Age 20% Men Women 16% 16 13 12% 9 10 8% 4% 5 4 3 2 3 1 7 2 6 2 3 1 2 1 5 1 0% 16-17 18-24 35-44 45-64 65-84 16-17 18-24 35-44 45-64 65-84 Low Risk Gambling Problems
Gambling & Gambling Problems Lottery Lotto 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 0 Past Year Monthly Weekly 0 Past Year Monthly Weekly Horses Sports 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 0 Past Year Monthly Weekly 0 Past Year Monthly Weekly
Gambling & Gambling Problems TV Shows Bingo 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 0-10 Past Year Monthly Weekly 0 Past Year Monthly Weekly Casino Games Poker Vegas Machines 50 50 50 40 40 40 30 30 30 20 20 20 10 10 10 0 Past Year Monthly Weekly 0 Past Year Monthly Weekly 0 Past Year Monthly Weekly
A social gradient in gambling problems Men 15 10 3 5 4 4 2 2 5 6 3 4 1 2 3 3 5 5 5 0 Low level education Mid level education High level education Low income M id income High income Boen in Sweden Born in Europe but not Sweden Born outside Europé SWEGS 1997/1998 SWELOGS 2008/2009
Gambling Problems & Health
Health 100% 80% 60% 83 74 86 51 75 Men 81 68 74 Women 61 56 40% 37 37 20% 0% No problems Low risk Gambling Problem Good general health No problems Low risk Gambling Problem Good mental health
Sharing of innermost thoughts or feelings 10% 9% Men 8% Women 8% 7% 6% 6% 5% 4% 4% 3% 3% 3% 3% 2% 1% 1% 0% No Yes, one Yes, several No Yes, one Yes, several Low Risk Gambling Problems
Smoking 14% 12% 13% Men Women 10% 8% 8% 8% 6% 4% 6% 5% 4% 3% 3% 2% 2% 1% 1% 0,5% 0% Non smoking Smoke occasionally Daily smokers Non smoking Smoke occasionally Daily smokers Low Risk Gambling Problems
Alcohol Consumption 20% Men Women 16% 16% 12% 8% 5% 8% 6% 4% 2% 3% 1% 1% 0% Non Risky Consumption Risky Consumption Non Risky Consumption Risky Consumption Low Risk Gambling Problems
Comparisons
Comparisons from 10 years ago Decrease for gambling the past 12 months' in all gambling forms The decrease is evident in almost all gambling forms, except for Card games and gambling on Horses Men still gambles more & develop gambling problems more than women Minor s who gamble is less frequent Gambling problems has doubled among young men, 18-24 years Severe gambling problems has doubled among men, 24-44 years
Conclusions
Problem gambling a public health problem Problem gambling is defined as a public health problem since more than 1 per cent of the population is affected the problem is unevenly distributed in the population negative consequences can be prevented with structural means such as regulations
Acknowledgment Co-workers at SNIPH; Ulla Romild Maria Evans Jessika Svensson Anders Stymne SWELOGS Advisory Board; Rachel Volberg, Gemini Research, USA Max Abbott Auckland University of Technology, New Zeeland Per Binde University of Gothenburg, Sweden Anders Tengström Karolinska Institute, Sweden Jakob Jonsson Spelinstitutet AB, Sweden Sten Rönnberg Swedish Institute of Applied Behavioural Analysis, Sweden
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