Règlement pour la navigation pour la zone arctique Alexey DUDAL Marine Division Bureau VERITAS 1
Contents 1. Introduction 2. BV Rules and Guidelines for Ice-Going Vessels 3. Direct Calculation Tool 4. Summary
Contents 1. Introduction 2. BV Rules and Guidelines for Ice-Going Vessels 3. Direct Calculation Tool 4. Summary
An extensive geographic footprint 24% Americas 16,300 employees 270 offices & labs 35% Europe 14,000 employees 380 offices & labs 14% Middle East Africa Eastern Europe 9,600 employees 290 offices & labs Asia Pacific 21,700 employees 390 offices & labs 27% Fast growing countries 54% 64,000 employees 1,330 offices & labs 4
Marine Since 1828 Classification & certification of ships and offshore floating units The very first polar icebreaker in the world YERMAK built to BV Class in 1898 5
Ice Classed Fleet More than 1100 ice classed ships in BV class Victoria I (2004) Ice Class IA Super Promitheas (2006) Ice Class IA Lauwersborg (2007) Ice Class IA Santa (2008) Ice Class IA 6
Arctic Benefits Huge oil and gas reserves north of the Arctic Circle and benefits of year-round navigation through the Northern Sea Route and the Northwestern Passage mobilize activities of shipping and oil and gas industries in ice covered seas. [wilco278.wordpress.com] [masterresource.org] 7
Challenges We have to exert every efforts in order to ensure safety and efficiency of people work and functioning of engineering structures The main set of priorities should include following items: Human safety Prevention of ship and cargo damage Protection of fragile Arctic environment MS Explorer [wilco278.wordpress.com] [www.travelinggreener.com] 8
Hydrocarbon Reserves in the Caspian Region Proven oil reserves in the Caspian area are estimated up to 3.5% of the world s undiscovered resources Proven gas reserves in the Caspian area are estimated up to 5% of the world s undiscovered resources The increasing exploration and development in the Caspian Region leads to more production [http://library.stanford.edu] 9
Operational Conditions in the Northern Part of the Caspian Sea Main oil production growth comes primarily from the north of Caspian Average water depth is about 5 m Height of wave 3 m (5% probability) Salinity: 1 Air temperature: winter time (Jan. / Feb.) North: - 30 C / - 10 C Water temperature in winter period North: 0 C / 0.5 C Winds: Typical speed: 12 knots Strong winds (> 30 knots) [http://www.allrussias.com] 10
Contents 1. Introduction 2. BV Rules and Guidelines for Ice-Going Vessels 3. Direct Calculation Tool 4. Summary
Bureau Veritas Regulations Refinement of requirements in accordance with prevailing ice and weather conditions and requirements of flag states and authorities ICE CLASS (first year ice) POLAR CLASS (multi year ice) ICEBREAKER notation (icebreaking and ice management) COLD notation (winterization) BV Rules for ice-going vessels: NR 467 Rules for the Classification and Construction of Steel Ships NR 527 Rules for the Classification of POLAR CLASS and ICEBREAKER Ships 2010 NI 543 Ice Reinforcement Selection in Different World Navigation Areas 2009 NI 565 Ice Characteristics and Ice/Structure Interactions 2010 NR 616 Ice Load Monitoring System (MON-ICE) draft 2014 12
Challenges of Ice Class Rules General requirements meet some challenges ICE CLASS and POLAR CLASS vessels do not refer to escort and ice management functions No requirements related to propulsion power & advance speed in ice The ships with displacement of more than 5,000 t is considered only Stern-first operation in ice not covered POLAR CLASS notations assume the presence of old ice inclusions POLAR CLASS is not specific with regard to actual ice conditions Application of the general rules put some question to: Independent navigation capabilities Assessment of appropriate ice strengthening and propulsion power Maneuverability in ice 13
ICEBREAKER Notation The additional 7 ICEBREAKER notations, including capability guidance have been included: Operational modes: Icebreaker 1 to 4: repeated ramming Icebreaker 5 to 7: occasional ramming (not repeat ramming) 14
ICEBREAKER Notation ICEBREAKER notation allows: Independent navigation in ice-covered waters Assisting ships navigating through ice field Ice management (e.g. clearing ice rubble at offshore terminal) Hull shape requirements: Extent of ice strengthening regions Improved bow shape for icebreaking capabilities Improved longitudinal strength criteria for ramming mode Modified hull area factor for astern navigation in ice Minimum requirements for normal frame inclination angle Minimum requirements for engine output 15
Propulsion for OSVs Ice pods can assure efficient maneuverability during astern icebreaking to be of great importance Requirements for ice pods build on: Ice load scenarios for pods (developed in cooperation with Aker Arctic) Ahead and astern operations Longitudinal and transverse load cases Probability of occurrence of each load case Low probability: extreme single events which determine the strength of the propeller blades, hull structure and supporting brackets. High probability: cyclic loading (dynamic impact and milling loads) and associated fatigue considerations 16
COLD Winterization BV additional class notation COLD Specified design temperature for the hull and equipment Account for low ambient temperatures, icing of ships and reduced effectiveness of components Key elements Material class and grade selection for low air temperatures Decks and superstructures Stability Propulsion and other essential services Electricity production Navigation Crew protection and elimination of ice where necessary for safe access Particular importance for offshore operations: Towing, anchor handling equipment, cranes, cargo decks, dynamic positioning equipment and accommodation spaces. 17
Ice Loads Monitoring System Ice Loads Monitoring system allows: Monitoring of hull structure response to ice loads Assessment of safe navigation speed The documents is intended to ensure: Safety and reliability of the system Accurate data monitoring Economical efficiency The document contains requirements and recommendations for: Monitoring data Selection of required monitoring areas Appropriate installation of sensors Equipment Testing & Survey 18
Contents 1. Introduction 2. BV Rules and Guidelines for Ice-Going Vessels 3. Direct Calculation Tool 4. Summary
1 5 1 3 1 1 9 7 5 3 1-1 IceSTAR Destination Bureau Veritas & State Marine Technical University of Saint- Petersburg cooperation in ice subject since 2006; IceSTAR software is an additional BV tool intended for: Direct calculation of ice load exerted on ship hull by ice objects; Assessment of safe navigation speed Ship s kinematic in ice Ice Load Calculation Safe navigation speed curve Distribution of ice load parameters along ship length -80-70 -60-50 -40-30 -20-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Ice Pressure Line Load Total Contact Force Ice thickness 20
Ice Loads Calculation Ice loads are described by set of parameters Ice pressure Line Load Total contact force Size of load patch The results of IceSTAR calculation allows assessment of hull structure response to ice loads 21
Assessment of Safe Speed Appropriate selection of navigation speed in ice ensure safety of people, ships, cargoes and a very sensitive natural; IceSTAR allows direct calculation of safe ice navigation modes: Determination of allowable ship speed; Estimation of safe ice thickness; Allowable speed/ice thickness curve 22
Ship Kinematic Determination of ship kinematic The module can be used for assessment of liquid cargo sloshing due to ice collision 23
Contents 1. Introduction 2. BV Rules and Guidelines for Ice-Going Vessels 3. Direct Calculation Tool 4. Summary
Summary Class notations ICEBREAKER (First year & multi-year ice) and COLD (winterisation) Guidance for ice class selection based on operating profile Need for further rule development for stern first operations & ice pods Requirements and recommendations for ice loads monitoring system BV IceSTAR for additional direct assessment of ice loads Rational, specific & detailed ice load distribution for expected actual conditions Derivation of safe speed curves (for given ice conditions) Verification of the hull structure using FEA Assessment of ship s kinematic due to ice impact Comprehensive BV approach for reducing risks associated with operations in ice & cold climate, including icebreaking 25
26