UNIT 12: WATER SPORTS

1 UNIT 12: WATER SPORTS GRAMMAR REVISION: Transitive verb and Intransitive verb A. Transitive verb (Ngoại động từ) - Ngoại động từ là động từ diễn tả 1 hành động có tác động trực tiếp đến một người hay một vật khác được gọi là tân ngữ trực tiếp (Direct object), hay nói cách khác nhóm động từ này đòi hỏi phải có tân ngữ theo sau - Một số ngoại động từ thông dụng trong nhóm này: clean, see, meet, read, catch, teach, study, buy, sell,.. Subject Transitive verb Direct object My mother bought A new dress He is reading A novel I have cleaned The house He saw A cat B. Intransitive verb (Nội động từ) - Nội động từ chỉ đơn thuần đưa ra hành động của chủ từ hay nói cách khác động từ này không đòi hỏi có tân ngữ theo sau. Nó có thể được bổ nghĩa bởi trạng từ hay cụm trạng từ (Adverb or Adverb Phrase) - Một số động từ thông dụng trong nhóm này: arrive, come, breathe, run, cry, sleep, go, fall, occur, happen, sit, stand, lie, sing, swim,. Subject Intransitive verb Adverb / Adverb Phrase I swim In the river He is singing on the stage My father runs In the park The baby is crying Lưu ý: Môt số động từ có thể được dùng như là nội động từ hoặc ngoại động từ tùy theo văn cảnh của câu Intransitive verb The soup tastes good I often walk to school The tree grows very fast Transitive verb He is tasting the soup I ll walk you home They grow a lot of trees along the street Các động từ be, look, seem, appear, become, feel, get, keep, remain, turn, grow là nội động từ nên không cần có tân ngữ. nhưng do chúng chưa diễn đạt tròn ý nên cần có bổ ngữ (Complement) để làm cho ý nghĩa câu được đầy đủ. (Bổ ngữ làm rõ nghĩa thêm cho chủ từ được gọi là Subjective Complement) Ex: I feel much better now She looks happy 1

2 It is getting darker and darker Đôi khi ngoại động từ cũng cần có bổ ngữ để làm cho ý nghĩa câu được rõ ràng hơn. (Bổ ngữ làm rõ nghĩa thêm cho tân ngữ nên được gọi là Obbject Complement) Ex: I don t find the book informative They consider him a hero Một số ngoại động từ thường gặp trong nhóm này: consider, make, name, declare, find, think, elect, suppose VOCABULARY Snorkeling (n) ['snɔ:kliη]: lặn có ổng thở Tropical (adj) ['trɔpikl]: nhiệt đới Worth (adj) [wə:θ]: đáng Expert (n) ['ekspə:t]: chuyên gia Recommend (v) [,rekə'mend]: giới thiệu, đề xuất Separate (adj) ['sepəreit]: tách biệt, riêng biệt Tube (n) [tju:b]: ống Dive (v) [daiv]: lặn Shortage (n) [' ɔ:tidʒ] Unconsciousness (n) [ʌn'kɔn əsnis]: bất tinhe Sunburn (n) ['sʌnbə:n]: cháy nắng Flipper (n) ['flipə] chân vịt Infect (v) [in'fekt] nhiễm độc, nhiễm bệnh, nhiễm trùng Originate (v) [ə'ridʒineit]: bắt nguồn từ Medal (n) ['medl]: huy chương Field (v) [fi:ld]: đưa (đội bóng) ra sân Succeeding (adj) [sək'si:diη] : kế tục, tiếp theo, kế tiếp Decade (n) ['dekeid]: thập kỉ Depart (v) [di'pɑ:t]: đi lệch khỏi, Loose (adj) [lu:s]: không căng, lỏng, lỏng lẻo, Inflate (v) [in'fleit]: thổi phồng, bơm phồng Opposing player (n) [ə'pouziη]: đối thủ, đối phương Attempt (v), (n) [ə'tempt]: nỗ lực, cố gắng Wrestle (v) ['resl]: đấu vật, vật Render (v) [ rendər]: làm cho ai đó như thế nào Virtually (adv) ['və:t uəli]: gần như, hầu như widespread (adj) ['waidspred]: phổ biến, rộng rãi 2

3 A. VOCABULARY PRACTICE TEST I. Choose the word which best fits each gap of the sentence 1. To avoid accidents in water sports, you have to use signals because it s difficult to hear above the noise of water, boat engine A. voices B. quakes C. accents D. shouts 2. It s very difficult for swimmers to hear each other when they are wearing A. masks B. apparatus C. harnesses D. accessories 3. Similar to football, the goal in water polo is marked by posts, a crossbar and a net A. conical B. diagonal C. vertical D. horizontal 4. There are seven players in a water polo team, six swimmers and a A. Goal post B. Goal line C. goalie D. goal mouth 5. Defensive players are not allowed to interfere with the s movements unless the players are holding the ball A. opponent B. enemy C. alien D. client 6. In the case that a player commits five personal fouls, he will be A. resigned B. transposed C. penalized D. ejected 7. A penalty shot taken from the 4-metre line, is for fouls near the goal that prevents scoring A. praised B. passed C. regarded D. awarded 8. usually succeed when the goalie is out of position A. Shots B. Scores C. Goals D. Draws 9. Usually a game is divided into quarters ranging from five to eight minutes in length. After a, there are two overtime periods of three minutes each A. score B. tie C. round D. quarter 10. For minor fouls, such as holding or punching the ball, a free is awarded from the spot of the foul A. score B. shot C. throw D. touch B. GRAMMAR: Choose the best answer 11. I walked to the theater, but Janice rode her bicycle 3

4 A. Intransitive/transitive B. Intransitive/intransitive C. Transitive / intransitive D. Transitive / transitive 12. The child sat between her parents on the sandy beach. Above her, an eagle flew across the cloudless sky A. Transitive / intransitive B. Intransitive / transitive C. Intransitive / intransitive D. Transitive / transitive 13. I finished my degree at UCLA in 2004 and found a great job in Yokohama A. Intransitive /transitive B. Transitive / intransitive C. Intransitive / transitive D. Transitive / transitive 14. More than half of the industrial robots work in the car industry. Manufacturers use them to paint cars A. Transitive / intransitive B. Intransitive / transitive C. Transitive / transitive D. Intransitive / intransitive 15. I m really enjoying studying Chinese in Beijing. I still can t believe I m here A. Intransitive / intransitive B. Transitive / transitive C. Transitive /intransitive D. Intransitive / transitive 16. When Xavier Dupont came to Britain, his friends in Paris said he d hate it A. Transitive / transitive B. Intransitive / intransitive C. Intransitive / transitive D. Transitive / intransitive 17. Marks and Spencer is Britain s favorite store. It attracts a great variety of customers from housewives to millionaires. Last years it made a profit of 10 million a week A. Transitive / transitive B. Intransitive / transitive C. Intransitive / intransitive D. Transitive / intransitive 18. Some of my friends went to the gym after school. They kept telling me to go with them. I had to do my homework, so I refused A. Intransitive / transitive B. Intransitive / intransitive C. Transitive / transitive D. Transitive / intransitive 19. Some people think that the traffic will move more quickly if there are more roads A. Intransitive / transitive B. Intransitive / transitive C. Transitive / transitive D. Transitive / intransitive 20. Justin is studying away from home in the North of England. He often rings his parents on Sunday evening A. Transitive / transitive B. Transitive / intransitive C. Intransitive / transitive D. Intransitive / intransitive 21. Marsha and Felix got married one day in June. Unfortunately, after a few months, their marriage started to go wrong A. Intransitive / transitive B. Transitive / intransitive C. Intransitive / intransitive D. Transitive / transitive 22. In this movie, hospital doctors Jackie and Patrick have relationship problems when a new doctor joins their team A. Intransitive / transitive B. Transitive / intransitive C. Intransitive / intransitive D. Transitive / transitive 4

5 23. Have you ever wondered how actors are able to change their appearance so dramatically A. Transitive / transitive B. Intransitive /transitive C. Intransitive / intransitive D. Transitive / intransitive 24. I don t feel safe when I go out at night. I always take a personal alarm and my cell phone A. Intransitive / intransitive B. Transitive / intransitive C. Transitive / transitive D. Intransitive / transitive 25. Craig offered to help his Egyptian friend fix his car. His friend refused and Craig was upset A. Intransitive / transitive B. Transitive / transitive C. Transitive / intransitive D. Intransitive / intransitive 26. Some historians have suggested that Stonehenge was built by the Druids, Celtic priests who lived in the first century BC A. Transitive / intransitive B. Intransitive / intransitive C. Transitive / transitive D. Intransitive / transitive 27. Mei Ling went on a trip to New York last week. Her car broke down on the way to the airport, and she missed the flight and had to wait three hours for the next one A. Transitive / transitive B. Intransitive / intransitive C. Transitive / intransitive D. Intransitive / transitive 28. It was raining heavily outside. Although the lecturer spoke loud, I couldn t hear clearly A. Intransitive / transitive B. Intransitive / intransitive C. Transitive / transitive D. Transitive / intransitive 29. I think I hear someone trying to open the back window. Do you fear? A. Transitive / intransitive B. Intransitive / transitive C. Intransitive / intransitive D. Transitive / transitive 30. Pizza house hasn t ever done well because the management hadn t been trained before the restaurant opened A. Transitive / transitive B. Transitive / intransitive C. Intransitive / intransitive D. Intransitive / transitive C. READING I. Read the passage and choose the best answer Snorkeling A. The excitement of snorkeling in a clear tropical sea is hard to explain to someone who hasn't done it. If you expect to have the opportunity of trying it when on holiday, it is well worth bringing a snorkel if you can get hold of one. Experts now recommend a separate breathing tube. B. Many swimmer take a deep breath before diving with a snorkel. This is a mistake, because it makes the body so light that you dive with difficulty. It is best to take a couple of deep breaths and then a normal relaxed breath in order to breathe in enough for the dive. Don't take repeated deep breaths before diving because this can lead to a shortage of oxygen, which causes unconsciousness without warning. C. The backs of many snorkelers get badly burnt, for the snorkelers are so involved in the world below they forget about the dangers of sunburn. The sea does not protect your back from the 5

6 rays of the sun, and it is best to wear a t-shirt. Snorkelers should also consider wearing shoes (or flippers), which may protect their feet from cuts from sharp rocks which can easily become infected 31. What difficulty does the writer find about snorkeling? A. doing it in tropical sea B. explaining a technique to a beginner C. doing it for the first time D. describing how exciting it can be 32. Why is taking a deep breath before diving a mistake? Because A. you will not be able to dive deeply enough B. you will not be able to float properly C. you will use up too much oxygen D. you will loose consciousness 33. The word involved in most nearly means A. concerned with B. excited about C. connected with D. associated with 34. The general impression of snorkeling the writer gives is that A. it is extremely dangerous B. most swimmers can learn to do it C. you have to buy special clothes in order to do it D. many people who do it suffer oxygen shortage 35. The word infected most nearly means A. spoilt B. rotten C. contaminated D. destroyed II. Read the passage and then fill in each blank with the best completion Water polo originated in England (36) the 1870s and soon became popular in the United States. It was first played in the Olympic Games as a men s (37) sport in 1900. In 1904 it became a men s medal sport, but (38) the United States fielded a team. In 1908 it was (39)internationally at the Olympics. Over the succeeding decades water polo became (40) popular in Europe. From approximately 1920 to 1946 the United States departed (41)the international rules for water polo by (42) for play a loosely inflated ball that could be (43) in one hand carried toward the goal. Opposing players usually attempted (44) the ball carriers, wrestle them under water, (45) render them helpless from loss of breath. This rough style of play virtually disappeared by 1946. (46) that time, traditional water polo has grown (47) in North America, especially as a college sport. It is particularly popular in southern California and other parts of the West Women have played water polo since the game s early days, but (48) was not widespread until the 1960s. In 1961 United States Water Polo (49) national club championship for women. It has hosted one for men since 1890. Woman;s water polo (5) medal sport at the 2000 games in Sydney, Australia. 36. A. from B. since C. in D. during 37. A. exhibition B. expedition C. experiment D. experience 38. A. or B. also C. only D. and 39. A. retested B. contested C. complied D. supported 6

7 40. A. definitely B. perfectly C. especially D. apparently 41. A. from B. for C. of D. in 42. A. adopts B. adopted C. adopt D. adopting 43. A. touched B. slapped C. gripped D. tipped 44. A. to throw B. to seize C. to reach D. to hold 45. A. and B. but C. so D. or 46. A. During B. From C. Since D. At 47. A. hurriedly B. instantly C. steadily D. rapidly 48. A. celebration B. participation C. foundation D. speculation 49. A. participated B. issued C. established D. published 50. A. became B. becomes C. become D. has become D. ERROR IDENTIFICATION: Identify the error in each sentence 51. Water skiing can t be quite dangerous if you follow the basic procedures but you know what you are doing 52. Anybody who are going to water skiing should be taught several signals to avoid possible accidents 53. River rafting, a kind of water sports, though previously relatively unknown is beginning to A B gain some attention to this country, especially between water enthusiasts C D 54. The great Australian swimmer, Annette Kellerman planted the first seed of what was become A B C synchronized swimming when she performed water ballet in a glass tank in New York in 1907 D 55. An American woman, Katherine Curtis was very inspired with the new water sport and tried A to seek for the addition of the synchronized swimming to the school s physical education for B C D women 56. Shortly afterward, synchronized swimming has received another major publicity when the A B C Association of the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) was founded on March 1 st, 1940 D 57. Standard water ski were originally made of wood though now are usually constructed out of fiberglass- based composites 58. Instead of usage skis, the rider rides a single board, known as a snowboard or skateboard 59. Water polo originated England during the 1870s and soon became popularity in the United States 7

8 60. Women had played water polo since the game s early days, but participation was not A B C widespread until the 1960s D E. WRITING: Change the following active sentences to passive if possible. Some of the verbs are intransitive and cannot be changed. Keep the same tense Examples : - My uncle will meet you at the airport You will be met at the airport by my uncle - Our plane will land at 6p.m no change 1. The chef will prepare the food 2. John is working at the bakery 3. Lightning didn t cause the fire 4. We walked downtown after work yesterday 5. Thousands of people ride the subway every day 6. The baby was crying in the room 7. Joe fell down on his way to school this morning 8. A special committee is going to settle this dispute 9. Our houseguests are going to arrive tomorrow afternoon 10. Our plan succeeded at last 11. Did the army surround the enemy? 12. What happened in class yesterday? 8