Weather and Climate
Weather and Climate Weather the situation of the atmosphere during a short period of time and a small surface of the Earth. It is very irregular and changes a lot. Climate the situation of the atmosphere during a long period of time and a big surface.
The Elements of the Climate Temperature Rainfall Pressure Wind Humidity Cloud Cover
Temperature
Temperature How hot or cold something is Atmospheric temperature is measured with a thermometer in Celsius degrees (C ) The temperature of a place changes with the latitude
According to temperatures, the earth is divided into five zones: One hot zone, located between the tropics Two temperate zones, located between the poles and the tropics Two cold zones, that are located in the Arctic and Antarctic Pole
Precipitation
Precipitation Occurs when so much water has condensed that the air cannot hold it The clouds get heavy and water falls back to the earth in the form of rain, hail, sleet, and snow. Rain gauge is used to measure precipitations. It shows (in millimeters) the quantity of water fallen during a period of time
Pressure
Pressure Weight or force on a unit area of surface Air pressure = weight of air on a unit area
Pressure Amount of atmosphere pushing on you Greatest Pressure Sea Level (1013.0 mb) Measured by a barometer first invented by Torricelli in 1643. Measured with inches or millibars
High Pressure High and Dry Good Weather Air Sinks Diverges Cool Temperature High Density Low Moisture Anticyclone Outwards Wind Clockwise
Low Pressure Low and Lousy Bad Weather Air Rises Converges Warm Temperature Low Density High Moisture Cyclone Inward Winds Counterclockwise
Pressure and Temperature High Pressure = Low Temperature Low Pressure = High Temperature Pressure and Temperature are indirectly proportional
Wind
Wind Horizontal Movement of Air HIGH PRESSURE CLOCKWISE AND OUTWARD LOW PRESSURE COUNTERCLOCKWISE AND INWARD Caused by Convection Uneven heating of the surface Warm air rise, cold air sink creating a convection cell Winds blow from high to low pressure
Wind Anemometer Wind Speed Wind Vane Wind Direction Wind named by direction they come from
Wind Speed Isobars Measure Equal Air Pressure Close together fast Far Apart slow Pressure Gradient biggest pressure change
36 mb 8 mb
Two Local Winds Sea Breeze Occur during the day Water Cool - high pressure air sinks Land Hot low pressure air rises Wind from the sea
Two Local Winds Land Breeze Occur during the night Land Cool - high pressure air sinks Water Hot low pressure air rises Wind from the land
Global Winds North Hemisphere Winds Curve Right South Hemisphere Winds Curve Left Coriolis Effect Curvature of Fluids due to Rotation
Monsoons Northeast Monsoon Amihan Southwest Monsoon Habagat
Relative Humidity and Dew Point
Moisture in the Atmosphere 2 ways to measure moisture: Dew point Relative Humidity
Dew Point Temperature that air is saturated Saturated air is filled with moisture Precipitation, condensation, clouds
Air Temperature and Dew Point When equal precipitation will occur Air is saturated at this point Relative humidity close to 100% When far apart beautiful clear skies Air is very dry!
Relative Humidity Amount of moisture at a certain temperature Cold air has less capacity to hold moisture Warm air has more capacity to hold moisture
Air and Humidity Cold Air and Humidity Contracts Not a lot of room for moisture Molecules squeeze Very Dense Sinks Water vapor fills up cold air very quickly Warm Air and Humidity Expands A ton of room for moisture Molecules expand Low Density Rises Has the capacity to hold a lot of moisture
Temperature increases, Humidity decreases Indirect relationship
QUESTIONS?