Istibra and Astanja Page 1 of 17
Table of Contents Istibra and Astanja... 3 Summary:... 3 Introduction:... 4 What breaks the Ablution (Wuzu/Wudhu/Wudu)?... 5 The Mercy of Allah azwj for the Believers:... 5 Some Ahadith Recommending Istibra after urination:... 6 How much Water one Needs?... 6 Pouring water twice:... 6 Cleaning of the hand prior to using water:... 7 When to pour the water:... 7 Appendix I: Issues related to Wuzu and Salat:... 8 Salat is not Accepted without Washing after urinating:... 8 It s better to remove the Ring from the hand prior to washing:... 9 Don t use right hand unless there is an excuse:... 10 Using a bag in Emergency:... 10 Appendix II: Additional Ahadith on cleaning from Urine... 11 Washing Manners after use of WC:... 13 Appendix III: Urine and droppings of Animals and birds:... 15 Abbreviations: saww: - Sal lal la ho Allay hay Wa Aal lay he Wasallam azwj: - Az Za Wa Jalla asws: - Allay hay Salawat Wass Salam AJFJ: Ajal Allah hey wa Fara Jaak ra: - Razi Allah azwj La: - Laan Allah azwj Page 2 of 17
ب س م الل ه الر ح ن الر ح يم ا ل م د ل ل ه ر ب ال عال م ني, و ص ل ى الل ه ع لى س ي د ن ا م م د و آل ه الط اه ر ين, و س ل م ت س ل يما. In the Name of Allah azwj the Beneficent, the Merciful. The Praise is for Allah azwj Lord azwj of the Worlds, and Blessing be upon our Chief Muhammad saww and his saww Purified Progeny asws, and greetings with abundant greetings. Summary: ا لل ه م ص ل ع لى م م د و آل م م د و ع ج ل ف ر ج ه م و ال ع ن أ ع د ائ ه م ا ج ع ني Istibra and Astanja The urine and stool of human beings are Najis and one has to clean oneself, with water, every time one uses WC and then can perform Wuzu (for acts of worship, i.e., Salat). Some Ahadith are presented on how to cleanse oneself after passing urine and stool. Most people understand without any ambiguity the cleaning/washing of the private parts, however, the term Istibra (only for men) is relatively less understood. It is the process of making urethra free from drops of urine, whereas the term Astanja is to wash filth, i.e., urethra at least twice with water. The aim of the article to highlight the Istibra, however, other general Ahadith are also included related to washing after use of the WC. و ر و ى غ ي ر ه ف الر ج ل ي ب ول ث ي س ت ن ج ي ث ي ر ى ب ع د ذ ل ك ب ل ل أ ن ه إ ذ ا ب ال ف خ ر ط م ا ب ني ال م ق ع د ة و ا ل ن ث ي ني ث ل ث م ر ات و غ م ز م ا ب ي ن ه م ا ث اس ت ن ج ى ف إ ن س ال ذ ل ك ح ت ب ل غ الس وق ف ل ي ب ا ل And he has narrated about a person who after urinating performing Istanja (washing with water) but then sees wetness, Imam asws said, if after urinating he presses three times from the far end to the urination orifice, so that whatever is there is squeezed out (performing of the Istibra), and then if he feels something draining down to (even) his calf (area), he should just ignore it. 1 Istibra is also recommend when water is not available, for example in the following Hadith: ع ل ي ب ن إ ب ر اه يم ع ن أ ب يه ع ن ح اد ع ن ح ر يز ع ن م م د ب ن م س ل م ق ال ق ل ت ل ب ج ع ف ر ع ر ج ل ب ال و ل ي ك ن م ع ه م اء ف ق ال ء ف ل ي س م ن ال ب و ل و ل ك ن ه م ن ا ل ب ائ ل ي ع ص ر أ ص ل ذ ك ر ه إ ل ط ر ف ه ث ل ث ع ص ر ات و ي ن ت ر ط ر ف ه ف إ ن خ ر ج ب ع د ذ ل ك ش ي Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father. from Hammad. from Hariz, from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said: I once asked Abu Ja'far asws about a man who urinates but does not have water to wash it clean. He (the Imam asws ) said, 'He must drain his urine passageway by pressing (with his fingers), all the way to the tip (the discharge orifice), three times, to where the passageway 1 من الحيضره الفقيه 1 65 باب ما ينقض الوضوء... ص : 61 Page 3 of 17
separates from the bones (performing of the Istibra). Thereafter if any moisture comes out it is not urine rather it s the moisture associated with the veins. 2 When extra careful, sometimes one thinks that his cloths becomes Najis (dirty) from urine or if a splash from the WC hits one s clothes, however, that s not the case, as this does not make one Najis (unclean), see two Ahadith below: ع ب د الل ه ب ن ج ع ف ر ا ل م ي ي ف ق ر ب ا ل س ن اد ع ن م م د ب ن خ ال د الط ي ال س ي ع ن إ س اع يل ب ن ع ب د ا ال ق ال س ل ت أ ب ا ع ب د الل ه 4 3 إ ن ا ذ ل ك م ن ا ل ب ائ ل ع ق ل ت الر ج ل ي ب ول و ي ن ت ف ض و ي ت و ض ث ي د ال ب ل ل ب ع د ذ ل ك ق ال ل ي س ذ ل ك ش ي ئا Abd Allah Ibn Jafar Al-Hameeri has narrated referring to Mohammed Ibn Khalid Al-Tayalisi, from Ismail ibn Abd Al-Khalid, who says: I asked from Abu Abd Allah asws regarding a person who, after urinating, performs Istibra then performs Wuzu but feels some wetness, what shall he do? Imam asws replied: There is nothing for him (to be done), it s the wetness from the veins of backside. 5 ع ل ي ب ن إ ب ر اه يم ع ن أ ب يه ع ن اب ن أ ب ع م ي ع ن اب ن أ ذ ي ن ة ع ن ا ل ح و ل ق ال ق ل ت ل ب ع ب د الل ه ) عليه الس لم ( أ خ ر ج م ن ا ل ء ف س ت ن ج ي ب ال م اء ف ي ق ع ث و ب ف ذ ل ك ال م اء ال ذ ي اس ت ن ج ي ت ب ه ف ق ال ال ب س ب ه. Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Ibn Azina, from Al Ahowl who said, I said to Abu Abdullah asws, I come out of the toilet, then I clean myself with the water. So, something from that water hits my clothes which I have cleaned myself with. So he asws said: There is no problem with it. 6 Introduction: Allah azwj Likes cleanliness. Allah azwj has Praised the people who built Masjid Quba, for their love of purification: ال ت ق م ف يه أ ب د ا ل م س ج د أ س س ع ل ى الت ق و ى م ن أ و ل ي و م أ ح أ ن ت ق وم ف يه ف يه ر ج ال حي ب ون أ ن ي ت ط ه ر وا و الل ه حي ب ال م ط ه ر ين } 108 { Do not stand in it, ever, for a Masjid founded upon the piety from the first day is more rightful that you should be standing in it. 2 Al Kafi V 3 The Book of Cleanliness Ch 13 H 1 3 5 (- ف املصدر- بشي ء. 4 5. ( شيخ حر عاملى ممد بن حسن وسائل الشيعة - قم چاپ اول 1409 ق وسائل الشيعة ج 1 ص 286 6 Al Kafi V 3 The Book of Cleanliness Ch 9 H 5 Page 4 of 17
Therein are men who love to be purified, and Allah Loves the purifying ones [9:108] عن ا لليب عن أ ب عبد اهلل )عليه الس لم( قال س لته عن قول اهلل ف يه ر جال حي ب ون أ ن ي ت ط ه ر وا قال»الذين حيبون أن يتطهروا نظف الوضوء و هو االستنجاء باملاء- و قال - نزلت هذه اآلية ف أهل قبا«. From Al-Halby, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws, said, I asked him asws about the Words of Allah azwj : Therein are men who love to be purified [9:108]. He asws said: The ones who loved that they should purify with clean Wuzu, and it is the cleaning with the water (after toilet). And he asws said: This Verse was Revealed regarding the people of (Masjid) Quba. 7 What breaks the Ablution (Wuzu/Wudhu/Wudu)? ع ل ي ب ن إ ب ر اه يم ع ن أ ب يه ع ن ح اد ع ن ح ر يز ع ن ز ر ار ة ق ال ق ل ت ل ب ج ع ف ر و ل ب ع ب د الل ه ) عليه الس لم ( م ا ي ن ق ض ال و ض وء ف ق اال م ا ي ر ج م ن ط ر ف ي ك ا ل س ف ل ني م ن الد ب ر و الذ ك ر غ ائ ط أ و ب و ل أ و م ن أ و ر يح و الن و م ح ت ي ذ ه ب ال ع ق ل و ك ل الن و م ي ك ر ه إ ال أ ن ت ك ون ت س م ع الص و ت. Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Hammad, from Hareyz who said, I said to Abu Ja far asws and Abu Abdullah asws, What breaks the Ablution? So they asws both said: Whatever comes out from your two lower ends, from the backside and the manhood, faeces or urine or semen or wind; and the sleep until the intellect goes (loose awareness). All sleep is disliked, except if you happen to hear the sounds (in consciousness). 8 The Mercy of Allah azwj for the Believers: و ق ال الص اد ق ع- ك ان ب ن و إ س ر ائ يل إ ذ ا أ ص اب أ ح د ه م ق ط ر ة ب و ل ق ر ض وا ل وم ه م ب ال م ق ار يض و ق د و س ع الل ه ع ز و ج ل ع ل ي ك م ب و س ع م ا ب ني الس م اء و ا ل ر ض و ج ع ل ل ك م ال م اء ط ه ورا ف ان ظ ر وا ك ي ف ت ك ون ون. And Al-Sadiq asws (the 6 th Imam asws ) said: It was so that the Children of Israel, whenever one of them was hit by urine, they would have to scratch off their skin with the scissors, but Allah azwj has Given you leeway with it which is more valuable than what is between the sky and the earth, and Made for you the water as a purifier, therefore watch out on how you are behaving (with gratefulness and submission). 9 7 تفس ي العي اشي 2 :. 137 /112 8 Al Kafi V 3 The Book of Cleanliness Ch 23 H 6 9 H. 13, من ال حيضره الفقيه ج 1 ص 10 Page 5 of 17
Some Ahadith Recommending Istibra after urination: و ب ذ ا ا ل س ن اد ع ن ع ل ي ع ق ال ق ال ل ن ا ر س ول الل ه ص م ن ب ال ف ل ي ض ع إ ص ب ع ه ال و س ط ى ف أ ص ل ال ع ج ان ث ي س ل ت ه ا ث ل ثا And by this chain, from Ali asws having said: Rasool-Allah saww said to us: One who urinates, so let him place his middle finger in the base of the scrotum, then take it off, three times. 10 ع و ا ل الآل ل ع ن ع يس ى ب ن ي ز د اد ع ن أ ب يه أ ن ر س ول الل ه ص ق ال إ ذ ا ب ال أ ح د ك م ف ل ي ن ت ر ذ ك ر ه Awail Al La aly from Isa Bin Yazdad, from his father, who says: Rasool-Allah saww said: When one of you urinates, then let him jolt (shake) his manhood. 11 How much Water one Needs? م م د ب ن حي ي ع ن م م د ب ن ا ل س ني ع ن ي ز يد ب ن إ س ح اق ع ن ه ار ون ب ن ح ز ة ع ن أ ب ع ب د الل ه ) عليه الس لم ( ق ال ي ز ئ ك م ن ال غ س ل و اال س ت ن ج ا ء م ا م ل ئ ت ي ين ك. Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn, from Yazeed Bin Is haq, from Haroun Bin Hamza, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws having said: It would suffice you from the washing and the cleansing (after toilet) what fills your right hand (but washing is with the left hand - see the following Ahadith). 12 Pouring water twice: م م د ب ن حي ي ع ن أ ح د ب ن م م د ع ن ع ل ي ب ن ا ل ك م ع ن ا ل س ني ب ن أ ب ال ع ل ء ق ال س ل ت أ ب ا ع ب د الل ه ) عليه الس لم ( ع ن ال ب و ل ي ص يب ا ل س د ق ال ص ب ع ل ي ه ال م اء م ر ت ني. Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Al Husayn Bin Abu Al A ala who said, I asked Abu Abdullah asws about the urine hitting the body. He asws said: Pour the water upon it, twice. و ر و ي أ ن ه ي ز ئ أ ن ي غ س ل ب ث ل ه م ن ال م اء إ ذ ا ك ان ع ل ى ر أ س ا ل ش ف ة و غ ي ه و ر و ي أ ن ه م اء ل ي س ب و س خ ف ي ح ت اج أ ن ي د ل ك. 10 11 2-537. H.,مستدرك الوسائل ج 1 ص 2 5-540. H.,مستدرك الوسائل ج 1 ص 2 12 Al Kafi V 3 The Book of Cleanliness Ch 14 H 6 Page 6 of 17
And it is reported that it would suffice him if he were to wash with the likes of it from the water when it was upon the tip of the manhood. And it is also narrated that it is water and is not the dirt which needs to be dropped down it is reported that it is water and not the filth - which needs to be rubbed. 13 Cleaning of the hand prior to using water: ع ل ي ب ن إ ب ر اه يم ع ن أ ب يه ع ن اب ن أ ب ع م ي ع ن ح اد ع ن ا ل ل يب ع ن أ ب ع ب د الل ه ) عليه الس لم ( ق ال س ئ ل ك م ي ف ر غ الر ج ل ع ل ى ي د ه ق ب ل أ ن ي د خ ل ه ا ف ا ل ن اء ق ال و اح د ة م ن ح د ث ال ب و ل و ث ن ت ني م ن ال غ ائ ط و ث ل ث ة م ن ا ل ن اب ة. Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hammad, from Al Halby, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws, said: He asws was asked, How many times should the man pour upon his hand before he enters it into the vessels? He asws said: Once from passing the urine, and twice from the faeces, and thrice from the sexual impurity. 14 When to pour the water: ع ل ي ب ن إ ب ر اه يم ع ن أ ب يه و م م د ب ن إ س اع يل ع ن ال ف ض ل ب ن ش اذ ان ج يعا ع ن اب ن أ ب ع م ي ع ن ج يل ع ن أ ب ع ب د الل ه ) عليه الس لم ( ق ال إ ذ ا ان ق ط ع ت د ر ة ال ب و ل ف ص ب ال م اء. Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, and Muhammad Bin Ismail, from Al Fazl Bin Shazaan, altogether from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Jameel, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws having said: When the flow of urine stops, so pour the water (upon its discharging part). 15 13 Al Kafi V 3 The Book of Cleanliness Ch 13 H 7 14 Al Kafi V 3 The Book of Cleanliness Ch 8 H 5 15 Al Kafi V 3 The Book of Cleanliness Ch 12 H 8 Page 7 of 17
Appendix I: Issues related to Wuzu and Salat: ع ل ي ب ن إ ب ر اه يم ع ن م م د ب ن ع يس ى ع ن ي ون س ع ن ز ر ع ة ع ن س اع ة ق ال ق ال أ ب و ع ب د الل ه ) عليه الس لم ( إ ذ ا د خ ل ت ال غ ائ ط ف ق ض ي ت ا ل اج ة ف ل م ت ه ر ق ال م اء ث ت و ض ت و ن س يت أ ن ت س ت ن ج ي ف ذ ك ر ت ب ع د م ا ص ل ي ت ف ع ل ي ك ا ل ع اد ة و إ ن ك ن ت أ ه ر ق ت ال م اء ف ن س يت أ ن ت غ س ل ذ ك ر ك ح ت ص ل ي ت ف ع ل ي ك إ ع اد ة ال و ض وء و الص ل ة و غ س ل ذ ك ر ك ل ن ال ب و ل ل ي س م ث ل ال ب ر از. Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Yunus, from Zur at, from Sama at who said, Abu Abdullah asws said: Whenever you enter the toilet and fulfil your need, but do not spill the water, then you perform Ablution (Wudhu) and forget that you should be cleansing yourself, and if you remember after have prayed Salaat, so upon you is the repeating (of the Salaat); and if it was so that you did spill the water (upon the private part), but you forgot to wash your manhood, so upon you is the repeating of the Ablution (Wudhu), and the Salaat, and the washing of your manhood, because the urine is not like the faeces. 16 ء م ن م ذ ي ع ل ي ب ن إ ب ر اه يم ع ن أ ب يه ع ن ح اد ع ن ح ر يز ع ن ز ر ار ة ع ن أ ب ع ب د الل ه ) عليه الس لم ( ق ال إ ن س ال م ن ذ ك ر ك ش ي أ و و د ي و أ ن ت ف الص ل ة ف ل ت غ س ل ه و ال ت ق ط ع الص ل ة و ال ت ن ق ض ل ه ال و ض وء و إ ن ب ل غ ع ق يب ك ف إ ن ا ذ ل ك ب ن ز ل ة الن خ ام ة و ك ل ء ف ل ت غ س ل ه م ن ث و ب ك إ ال أ ن ت ق ذ ر ه. ء ي ر ج م ن ك ب ع د ال و ض وء ف إ ن ه م ن ا ل ب ائ ل أ و م ن ال ب و اس ي و ل ي س ب ش ي ش ي Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Hammad, from Hareyz, from Zurara, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws having said: If something were to flow from your manhood, either from seminal fluid prostatic fluid, and you are in the Salaat, so do not wash it, and do not cut off your Salaat, nor would the Ablution (Wudhu) break for it, and even if it reaches your behind. So rather, that is with a status of the phlegm; and everything, which comes out from you after the Ablution (Wudhu), so it is from the sexual veins, or from the haemorrhoids, and it is not with anything. Therefore, do not wash it from your clothes except if it dirties it. 17 Salat is not Accepted without Washing after urinating: ع ل ي ب ن إ ب ر اه يم ع ن أ ب يه ع ن اب ن أ ب ع م ي ع ن اب ن أ ذ ي ن ة ع ن ز ر ار ة ق ال ت و ض ت ي و ما و ل أ غ س ل ذ ك ر ي ث ص ل ي ت ف س ل ت أ ب ا ع ب د الل ه ) عليه الس لم ( ف ق ال اغ س ل ذ ك ر ك و أ ع د ص ل ت ك. Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Ibn Azina, from Zurara who said, 16 Al Kafi V 3 The Book of Cleanliness Ch 12 H 17 17 Al Kafi V 3 The Book of Cleanliness Ch 25 H 1 Page 8 of 17
I performed Ablution (Wudhu) one day but (prior to that) did not wash my manhood. Then I Prayed. So I asked Abu Abdullah asws, and he asws said: Wash your manhood and repeat the Salaat. 18 م م د ب ن حي ي ع ن أ ح د ب ن م م د ب ن ع يس ى ع ن ا ل س ن ب ن ع ل ي ب ن ي ق ط ني ع ن أ خ يه ا ل س ني ع ن ع ل ي ب ن ي ق ط ني ع ن أ ب ا ل س ن ) عليه الس لم ( ف الر ج ل ي ب ول ف ي ن س ى غ س ل ذ ك ر ه ث ي ت و ض و ض وء الص ل ة ق ال ي غ س ل ذ ك ر ه ي ع يد الص ل ة و ال ي ع يد ال و ض وء. Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Bin Yaqteen, from his brother Al Husayn, from Ali Bin Yaqteen, (It has been narrated) from Abu Al-Hassan asws regarding the man who urinates but he forgets to wash his manhood. Then he performs Ablution (Wudhu) for the Salaat. He asws said: He should wash his manhood. He would repeat the Salaat and he would not repeat the Ablution (Wudhu). 19 ع ن ه ع ن أ ح د ع ن اب ن ف ض ال ع ن اب ن ب ك ي ع ن ب ع ض أ ص ح اب ن ا ع ن أ ب ع ب د الل ه ) عليه الس لم ( ف الر ج ل ي ب ول و ي ن س ى أ ن ي غ س ل ذ ك ر ه ح ت ي ت و ض و ي ص ل ي ق ال ي غ س ل ذ ك ر ه و ي ع يد الص ل ة و ال ي ع يد ال و ض وء. From him, from Ahmad, from Ibn Fazzal, from Ibn Bukeyr, from one of our companions, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws regarding the man who urinates and forgets to wash his manhood until he performs Ablution (Wudhu), and he prays Salaat. He asws said: He should wash his manhood and he should repeat the Salaat, and he would not repeat the Ablution (Wudhu). 20 It s better to remove the Ring from the hand prior to washing: م م د ب ن حي ي ع ن م م د ب ن أ ح د ع ن م م د ب ن ع يس ى ع ن ع ل ي ب ن ا ل س ني ب ن ع ب د ر ب ه ق ال ق ل ت ل ه م ا ت ق ول ف ال ف ي ت خ ذ م ن ح ج ار ة ز م ر د ق ال ال ب س ب ه و ل ك ن إ ذ ا أ ر اد اال س ت ن ج اء ن ز ع ه. Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Ali Bin Al Husayn Bin Abd Rabbih who said, I said to him asws, What are you saying regarding ring stone taken from the emerald stones. He asws said: There is no problem with it, but whenever one intends to cleanse himself, he should remove it (beforehand). 21 18 Al Kafi V 3 The Book of Cleanliness Ch 12 H 14 19 Al Kafi V 3 The Book of Cleanliness Ch 12 H 15 20 Al Kafi V 3 The Book of Cleanliness Ch 12 H 16 21 Al Kafi V 3 The Book of Cleanliness Ch 12 H 6 Page 9 of 17
Don t use right hand unless there is an excuse: ع ل ي ب ن إ ب ر اه يم ع ن أ ب يه ع ن الن و ف ل ي ع ن الس ك و ن ع ن أ ب ع ب د الل ه ) عليه الس لم ( ق ال اال س ت ن ج اء ب ال ي م ني م ن ا ل ف اء. و ر و ي أ ن ه إ ذ ا ك ان ت ب ال ي س ار ع ل ة. Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Al Nowfaly, from Al Sakuny, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws having said: The cleansing (of private parts) with the right hand is from the repugnance. And it is reported that it is a valid excuse if there was an illness with the left hand. 22 Using a bag in Emergency: ع ل ي ب ن إ ب ر اه يم ع ن أ ب يه ع ن ع ب د الل ه ب ن ال م غ ي ة ع ن م ن ص ور ب ن ح از م ق ال ق ل ت ل ب ع ب د الل ه ع الر ج ل ي ع ر ت يه ال ب و ل و ال ي ق د ر ع ل ى ح ب س ه ق ال ف ق ال ل إ ذ ا ل ي ق د ر ع ل ى ح ب س ه ف الل ه أ و ل ب ال ع ذ ر ي ع ل خ ر يط ة Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from 'Abd Allah ibn al-mughirah from Mansur ibn Hazim who has said: l once asked Abu Abd Allah asws about a man who has the urge to urinate and cannot hold it any longer. The Imam asws said to me, 'If he is not able to hold, Allah azwj is the foremost to accept apologies, he can allow it to come out in a bag. 23 22 Al Kafi V 3 The Book of Cleanliness Ch 12 H 7 23 Al Kafi V 3 The Book of Cleanliness Ch. 13, h 5 Page 10 of 17
Appendix II: Additional Ahadith on cleaning from Urine ع ل ي ب ن إ ب ر اه يم ر ف ع ه ق ال خ ر ج أ ب و ح ن يف ة م ن ع ن د أ ب ع ب د الل ه ) عليه الس لم ( و أ ب و ا ل س ن م وس ى ) عليه الس لم ( ق ائ م و ه و غ ل م ف ق ال ل ه أ ب و ح ن يف ة ي ا غ ل م أ ي ن ي ض ع ال غ ر يب ب ب ل د ك م ف ق ال اج ت ن ب أ ف ن ي ة ال م س اج د و ش ط وط ا ل ن ه ار و م س اق ط الث م ار و م ن از ل الن ز ال و ال ت س ت ق ب ل ال ق ب ل ة ب غ ائ ط و ال ب و ل و ار ف ع ث و ب ك و ض ع ح ي ث ش ئ ت. Ali Bin Ibrahim, raising it, said, Abu Haneefa exited from the presence of Abu Abdullah asws, and Abu Al-Hassan Musa asws was standing, and he asws was a young boy. So Abu Haneefa said to him asws, O boy! Where can the strangers in your asws city place (their faeces and urine)? So he asws said: They should keep away from the courtyards of the Masjids, and banks of the rivers, and the places where the fruits fall from the trees, and the houses (places) of combat, and he should neither face the Qiblah by defecation nor urination, and should raise his clothes, and place it where he so desires to. 24 م م د ب ن حي ي ع ن أ ح د ب ن م م د ع ن ع ل ي ب ن ا ل ك م ع ن ا ل س ني ب ن أ ب ال ع ل ء ق ال س ل ت أ ب ا ع ب د الل ه ) عليه الس لم ( ع ن ال ب و ل ي ص يب ا ل س د ق ال ص ب ع ل ي ه ال م اء م ر ت ني ف إ ن ا ه و م اء Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Al Husayn Bin Abu Al A ala who said, I asked Abu Abdullah asws about the urine hitting the body. He asws said: Pour the water upon it, twice, for rather, it is water. و س ل ت ه ع ن الث و ب ي ص يب ه ال ب و ل ق ال اغ س ل ه م ر ت ني And I asked him asws about the clothes hit by the urine. He asws said: Wash it twice. و س ل ت ه ع ن الص يب ي ب ول ع ل ى الث و ب ق ال ي ص ب ع ل ي ه ال م اء ق ل ي ل ث ي ع ص ر ه. And I asked him asws about the child urinating upon the clothes. He asws said: Pour a little water upon it, then wring (pressing) it. 25 أ ح د ب ن م م د ع ن إ ب ر اه يم ب ن أ ب م م ود ق ال ق ل ت ل لر ض ا ) عليه الس لم ( الط ن ف س ة و ال ف ر اش ي ص يب ه م ا ال ب و ل ك ي ف ي ص ن ع ب م ا و ه و ث خ ني ك ث ي ا ل ش و ق ال ي غ س ل م ا ظ ه ر م ن ه ف و ج ه ه. Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibrahim Bin Abu Mahmoud who said, I said to Al-Reza asws, The carpet and the bedding both being hit by the urine, how to deal with these two and it is bulky with a lot of padding. He asws said: Wash whatever is apparent from it regarding its surface. 26 24 Al Kafi V 3 The Book of Cleanliness Ch 11 H 5 25 Al Kafi V 3 The Book of Cleanliness Ch 36 H 1 Page 11 of 17
أ ح د ع ن م وس ى ب ن ال ق اس م ع ن إ ب ر اه يم ب ن ع ب د ا ل م يد ق ال س ل ت أ ب ا ا ل س ن ) عليه الس لم ( ع ن الث و ب ي ص يب ه ال ب و ل ف ي ن ف ذ إ ل ء م ن ه ف اغ س ل ه ا ل ان ب اآل خ ر و ع ن ال ف ر و و م ا ف يه م ن ا ل ش و ق ال اغ س ل م ا أ ص اب م ن ه و م س ا ل ان ب اآل خ ر ف إ ن أ ص ب ت م س ش ي و إ ال ف ان ض ح ه ب ال م اء. Ahmad, from Musa Bin Al Qasim, from Ibrahim Bin Abdul Hameed who said, I asked Abu Al-Hassan asws about the clothes hit by the urine so it permeates to the other side, and about the fur and whatever is therein from the padding. He asws said: Wash whatever is hit from it, and touch the other side, so if the touch senses that something has from it has hit it, so wash it, or else sprinkle with the water. 27 ع ل ي ب ن إ ب ر اه يم ع ن أ ب يه ع ن ح ن ان ب ن س د ير ق ال س ع ت ر ج ل س ل أ ب ا ع ب د الل ه ع ف ق ال ر ب ا ب ل ت و ل أ ق د ر ع ل ى ال م اء و ي ش ت د ع ل ي ذ ل ك ف ق ال إ ذ ا ب ل ت و ت س ح ت ف ام س ح ذ ك ر ك ب ر يق ك ف إ ن و ج د ت ش ي ئا ف ق ل ه ذ ا م ن ذ اك Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hanan ibn Sadir who has said: Once a man asked Abu ' Abd Allah asws saying, 'At times when I urinate, I cannot find water and it becomes severe for me.' He (the Imam asws ) said, 'When you urinate and wipe it clean, you can then wipe your manhood with saliva; and if you find something then say it is of that (moisture from passageways and veins).' 28 ع د ة م ن أ ص ح اب ن ا ع ن أ ح د ب ن م م د و أ ب د او د ج يعا ع ن ا ل س ني ب ن س ع يد ع ن ص ف و ان ب ن حي ي ع ن ال ع ل ء ع ن اب ن أ ب ي ع ف ور ق ال س ل ت أ ب ا ع ب د الل ه ع ع ن ر ج ل ب ال ث ت و ض و ق ام إ ل الص ل ة ف و ج د ب ل ل ق ال ال ي ت و ض إ ن ا ذ ل ك م ن ا ل ب ائ ل A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad tram and abu Dawud all al-husayn ibn Sa'jd from Safwan ibn Yahya from Al-Ala' ibn abu Ya'fur who has said: I once asked Abu Abd Allah asws about a man who urinates, then takes Wuzu'. He then stands up for Salat (prayer) and finds a certain wetness. The Imam asws said, 'He does not need Wudu'; it is of Haba'il (passageways, veins)' 29 م م د ب ن حي ي ع ن أ ح د ب ن م م د ع ن ع ل ي ب ن أ ح د ب ن أ ش ي م ع ن ص ف و ان ق ال س ل الر ض ا ) عليه الس لم ( ر ج ل و أ ن ا ح اض ر ف ق ال إ ن ب ج ر حا ف م ق ع د ت ف ت و ض و أ س ت ن ج ي ث أ ج د ب ع د ذ ل ك الن د ى و الص ف ر ة م ن ال م ق ع د ة أ ف ع يد ال و ض وء ف ق ال و ق د أ ن ق ي ت ف ق ال ن ع م ق ال ال و ل ك ن ر ش ه ب ال م اء و ال ت ع د ال و ض وء. Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Ahmad Bin Asheym, from Safwan who said, A man asked Al-Reza asws and I was present, so he said, I am with an injury in my backside. So I perform Ablution (Wudhu) and cleanse myself, then I find the wetness and the yellowness from the backside. Should I be repeating the Ablution (Wudhu)? So he asws said: 26 Al Kafi V 3 The Book of Cleanliness Ch 36 H 2 27 Al Kafi V 3 The Book of Cleanliness Ch 36 H 3 28 Al Kafi V 3 The Book of Cleanliness Ch 13 H 4 29 Al Kafi V 3 The Book of Cleanliness Ch 13 H 2 Page 12 of 17
And you have purified it? So he said, Yes. He asws said: No. But, sprinkle water upon it and do not repeat the Ablution (Wudhu). أ ح د ع ن أ ب ن ص ر ق ال س ل الر ض ا ) عليه الس لم ( ر ج ل ب ن ح و ح د يث ص ف و ان. Ahmad, from Abu Nasr who said, A man asked Al-Reza asws with approximately the Hadeeth of Safwan (the above Hadeeth). 30 Washing Manners after use of WC: ا ل د اي ة إ ذ ا أ ر اد اال س ت ن ج اء م س ح ب إ ص ب ع ه م ن ع ن د ال م ق ع د ة إ ل ا ل ن ث ي ني ث ل ث م ر ات ف إ ذ ا ص ب ال م اء ع ل ى ي د ه ل ل س ت ن ج اء ف ل ي ق ل ا ل م د ل ل ه ال ذ ي ج ع ل ال م اء ط ه ورا و ل ي ع ل ه ن سا و ي ب د أ ب ذ ك ر ه و ي ص ب ع ل ي ه م ن ال م اء م ث ل ي م ا ع ل ي ه م ن ال ب و ل ي ص ب ه م ر ت ني ه ذ ا أ د ن م ا ي ز ي ث ي س ت ن ج ي م ن ال غ ائ ط و ي غ س ل ح ت ي ن ق ي م ا ث و ال ي وز ل لر ج ل أ ن ي س ت ن ج ي ب ي م ين ه إ ال إ ذ ا ك ان ت ب ي س ار ه ع ل ة و ال ي وز ل ه أ ن ي د خ ل ا ل ء و م ع ه خ ا ت ع ل ي ه اس م الل ه ف إ ن د خ ل و ه و ع ل ي ه ف ل ي ح و ل ه ع ن ي د ه ال ي س ر ى إ ذ ا أ ر اد اال س ت ن ج اء. Al-Hidaya When one wants to clean (from toilet), he should wipe with his fingers from the back passage to the scrotum three times. So when he pours the water upon his hand for the cleaning, then let him say, The Praise is for Allah azwj Who Made the water as a cleaning and did not Make it unclean. And he should begin with his penis and pour upon it from the water double of what is upon him from the urine. He should pour it twice. This is the least of what is sufficient, then he should clean from the faeces, and he should wash until he is clean as much as possible, and it does not suffice for the man that he should clean with his right hand except when his left hand was sick (unusable), and it is not allowed for him that he should enter the toilet and with him is a ring upon which is the Name of Allah azwj. So if he enters, and it is upon him, then let him transfer if from the left hand when he wants to clean. 31 ا ص ال ع ن أ ب يه ع ن ع ل ي ب ن إ ب ر اه يم ع ن أ ب يه ع ن الن و ف ل ي ع ن الس ك و ن ع ن الص اد ق ع ع ن آب ائ ه ع ق ال ق ال ر س ول الل ه ص ال ب و ل ق ائ ما م ن غ ي ع ل ة م ن ا ل ف اء و اال س ت ن ج اء ب ال ي م ني م ن ا ل ف اء. Al Khisal from his father, from Al ibin Ibrahim, from his father, from Al Nowfaly, from Al Sakuny, from Al-Sadiq asws, from his asws forefathers asws having said: Rasool-Allah saww said: The urination while standing from without a (valid) reason, is from the disloyalty, and the cleaning (of the genitals) with the right hand is from the disloyalty. 32 ث و اب ا ل ع م ال ل لص د وق ع ن أ ب يه ع ن س ع د ب ن ع ب د الل ه ع ن أ ح د ب ن م م د ع ن ع ث م ان ب ن ع يس ى ع ن أ ب ب ص ي ع ن أ ب ع ب د الل ه ع ق ال إ ن ع ذ اب ال ق ب م ن ال ب و ل. 30 Al Kafi V 3 The Book of Cleanliness Ch 13 H 3 31 H. 19,حبار ا لنوار )ط - ب يوت( ج 77 ص 208 32 H. 8,حبار ا لنوار )ط - ب يوت( ج 77 ص 201 Page 13 of 17
Sawaab Al Amaal for Al Sadouq from his father, from Sa ad Bin Abdullah, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Usman Bin Isa, from Abu Baseer, from Abu Abdullah asws having said: The punishment of the grave is from (due to) the urine. 33 33 H. 9,حبار ا لنوار )ط - ب يوت( ج 77 ص 201 Page 14 of 17
Appendix III: Urine and droppings of Animals and birds: ء ي ؤ ك ل ل م ه. ع ل ي ب ن إ ب ر اه يم ع ن أ ب يه ع ن ح اد ب ن ع يس ى ع ن ح ر يز ع ن ز ر ار ة أ ن ه م ا ق اال ال ت غ س ل ث و ب ك م ن ب و ل ش ي Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Hammad Bin Isa, from Hareyz, from Zurara, Both, (5 th and 6 th Imam asws ) said: There is no need to wash your clothes from the urine of something that you can eat - its flesh. 34 ح اد ع ن ح ر يز ع ن م م د ب ن م س ل م ق ال س ل ت أ ب ا ع ب د الل ه ) عليه الس لم ( ع ن أ ل ب ان ا ل ب ل و ال غ ن م و ال ب ق ر و أ ب و ا ل ا و ل وم ه ا ء أ و ث و با ل ك ف ل ت غ س ل ه إ ال أ ن ت ت ن ظ ف ف ق ال ال ت و ض م ن ه إ ن أ ص اب ك م ن ه ش ي Hammad, from Hareyz, from Muhammad Bin Muslim who said, I asked Abu Abdullah asws about the milk of the camel, and the sheep, and the cow, and their urines and their flesh. So he asws said: You don t have to perform Ablution (Wudhu) from it if anything were to hit you from it, or your clothes, therefore do not wash it unless you want to clean. ق ال و س ل ت ه ع ن أ ب و ال الد و اب و ال ب غ ال و ا ل م ي ف ق ال اغ س ل ه ف إ ن ل ت ع ل م م ك ان ه ف اغ س ل الث و ب ك ل ه و إ ن ش ك ك ت ف ان ض ح ه. He (the narrator) said, And I asked him asws about the urines of the animal, and the mules, and the donkeys. So he asws said: Wash it, but if you do not know its place, then wash the cloth, all of it, and if you doubt, so sprinkle it (with water). 35 ع ل ي ب ن إ ب ر اه يم ع ن أ ب يه ع ن ع ب د الل ه ب ن ال م غ ي ة ع ن ع ب د الل ه ب ن س ن ان ق ال ق ال أ ب و ع ب د الل ه ) عليه الس لم ( اغ س ل ث و ب ك م ن أ ب و ال م ا ال ي ؤ ك ل ل م ه. Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Abdullah Bin Al Mugheira, from Abdullah Bin Sinan who said, Abu Abdullah asws said: Wash your clothes from the urines for that whose flesh cannot be eaten. 36 م م د ب ن حي ي ع ن أ ح د ب ن م م د ع ن م م د ب ن خ ال د ع ن ال ق اس م ب ن ع ر و ة ع ن ب ك ي ب ن أ ع ني ع ن ز ر ار ة ع ن أ ح د ا ) عليهما الس لم ( ف أ ب و ال الد و اب ت ص يب الث و ب ف ك ر ه ه ف ق ل ت ل ه أ ل ي س ل وم ه ا ح ل ال ق ال ب ل ى و ل ك ن ل ي س م ا ج ع ل ه الل ه ل ل ك ل. Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Al Qasim Bin Urwat, from Bukeyr Bin Ayn, from Zurara, (It has been narrated) from one of the two (5 th or 6 th Imam asws ) regarding the urines of the animals hitting the clothes. So he asws disliked it. So I said to him asws, Is not their flesh 34 Al Kafi V 3 The Book of Cleanliness Ch 37 H 1 35 Al Kafi V 3 The Book of Cleanliness Ch 37 H 2 36 Al Kafi V 3 The Book of Cleanliness Ch 37 H 3 Page 15 of 17
Permissible (to eat)? He asws said: Yes, but it is not from what Allah azwj Made for the eating. 37 ا ل س ني ب ن م م د ع ن م ع ل ى ب ن م م د ع ن ال و ش اء ع ن أ ب ان ب ن ع ث م ان ع ن أ ب م ر ي ق ال ق ل ت ل ب ع ب د الل ه ) عليه الس لم ( م ا ت ق ول ف أ ب و ال الد و اب و أ ر و اث ه ا ق ال أ م ا أ ب و ا ل ا ف اغ س ل إ ن أ ص اب ك و أ م ا أ ر و اث ه ا ف ه ي أ ك ث ر م ن ذ ل ك. Al Husayn Bin Muhammad, from Moalla Bin Muhammad, from Al Washa, from Aban Bin usman, from Abu Maryam who said, I said to Abu Abdullah asws, What are you asws saying regarding the urines of the animal and their droppings? He asws said: As for their urines, so wash if it hits you, and as for their droppings, so it is more than that. 38 م م د ب ن حي ي ع ن أ ح د ب ن م م د ع ن ال ب ر ق ي ع ن أ ب ان ع ن ا ل ل يب ع ن أ ب ع ب د الل ه ) عليه الس لم ( ق ال ال ب س ب ر و ث ا ل م ي و اغ س ل أ ب و ا ل ا. Muhammad Bin yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al Barqy, from Aban, from Al Halby, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws having said: There is no problem with the dropping of the donkeys, but wash its urine. 39 م م د ب ن حي ي ع ن أ ح د ب ن م م د ع ن م م د ب ن س ن ان ع ن اب ن م س ك ان ع ن م ال ك ا ل ه ن ق ال س ل ت أ ب ا ع ب د الل ه ) عليه الس لم ( ع م ا ي ر ج م ن م ن خ ر الد اب ة ي ص يب ن ق ال ال ب س ب ه. Muhammad Bin yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Ibn Muskan, from malik Al Jahny who said, I asked Abu Abdullah asws about what comes out from the nostrils of the animals, hitting me. He asws said: There is no problem with it. 40 ء م ن ع ل ي ب ن إ ب ر اه يم ع ن أ ب يه ع ن ع ب د الل ه ب ن ال م غ ي ة ع ن س اع ة ع ن أ ب ع ب د الل ه ) عليه الس لم ( ق ال إ ن أ ص اب الث و ب ش ي ب و ل الس ن و ر ف ل ي ص ل ح الص ل ة ف يه ح ت ت غ س ل ه. Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Abdullah Bin Al Mugheira, from Sama at, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws having said: If something from the urine of a cat were to hit the clothes, so the Salaat would not be correct in it, until you wash it. 41 37 Al Kafi V 3 The Book of Cleanliness Ch 37 H 4 38 Al Kafi V 3 The Book of Cleanliness Ch 37 H 5 39 Al Kafi V 3 The Book of Cleanliness Ch 37 H 6 40 Al Kafi V 3 The Book of Cleanliness Ch 37 H 7 41 Al Kafi V 3 The Book of Cleanliness Ch 37 H 8 Page 16 of 17
ع ل ي ب ن إ ب ر اه يم ع ن أ ب يه ع ن ع ب د الل ه ب ن ال م غ ي ة ع ن ج يل ب ن د ر اج ع ن أ ب ب ص ي ع ن أ ب ع ب د الل ه ) عليه الس لم ( ق ال ك ل ء ي ط ي ف ل ب س ب ب و ل ه و خ ر ئ ه. ش ي Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Abdullah Bin Al Mugheira, from Jameel Bin Darraj, from Abu Baseer, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws having said: Everything which flies, so there is no problem with its urine and its droppings. 42 42 Al Kafi V 3 The Book of Cleanliness Ch 37 H 9 Page 17 of 17