Studies on the Ecology of Tropical Zooplankton

Studies on the Ecology of Tropical Zooplankton

Developments In Hydrobiology 92 Series editor H. J. Dumont

Studies on the Ecology of Tropical Zooplankton Edited by H.J. Dumont, J. Green & H. Masundire Reprinted from Hydrobiologia, vol. 272 (1994) Springer Science+Business Media, B.V.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Studie s o n th e ecolog y o f tropica l Zooplankto n / edite d b y H.J. Dumont, J. Green & H. Masundire. p. cm. (Development s i n hydrobiolog y 92 ) ; Papers fro ma meetin g hel d i n Kariba, Zimbabwe, i n 1991. "Reprinte d fro mhydrobio1ogia, vol. 272". ISBN 978-94-010-4382-3 ISBN 978-94-011-0884-3 (ebook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-0884-3 1. Zooplankton Tropics Congresses. 2. Zooplankton Ecology - -Tropics Congresses. 3. Freshwater ecology Tropics Congresses. 4. Brackis h wate r ecology Tropics Congresses. I. Dumont, H. J. (Henry J. ) II. Green, J. (James), 1928 -. III. Masundire, H. IV. Series. QL120.S78 199 4 592.092 -dc2 0 93-4339 5 CIP ISBN 978-94-010-4382-3 Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved 1994 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1994 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1994 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.

v Contents Preface........................................................................... VB I. Factors determining biogeography and distribution The distribution and ecology of the fresh- and brackish-water medusae of the world by H. J. Dumont... 1 The temperate-tropical gradient of planktonic Protozoa and Rotifera by J. Green... 13 On the diversity of the Cladocera in the tropics by H. J. Dumont... 27 Cladocera of coastal rivers of western Nigeria by A. B. M. Egborge, C. C. Onwudinjo & P. c. Chigbu............................. 39 Distribution patterns of the Diaptomidae (Calanoida: Copepoda) in southern Africa by N. A. Rayner & J. Heeg..................................................... 47 Temperature-related distributions of Metadiaptomus and Tropodiaptomus (Copepoda: Calanoida), particularly in southern Africa by R. C. Hart & N. A. Rayner..... 77 Rotifers of Benin River, Nigeria by C. C. Onwudinjo & A. B. M. Egborge... 87 Salinity and the distribution of rotifers in the Lagos Harbour - Badagry Creek system, Nigeria by A. B. M. Egborge... 95 Zooplankton, fish and fisheries in tropical freshwaters by C. H. Fernando..... 105 II. Autecological studies Growth, production, and demography of Moina micrura in brackish tropical fishponds (Layo, Ivory Coast) by L. Saint-Jean & C. A. Bonou... 125 In situ metabolic budget for the calanoid copepod Acartia clausi in a tropical brackish water lagoon (Ebrie Lagoon, Ivory Coast) by M. Pagano & L. Saint-Jean.................................................. 147 Equiproportional temperature-duration responses and thermal influences on distribution and species switching in the copepods Metadiaptomus meridian us and Tropodiaptomus spectabilis by R. C. Hart... 163 Durations of development and production estimates by two crustacean zooplankton species, Thermocyclops oblongatus Sars (Copepoda) and Diaphanosoma excisum Sars (Cladocera), in Lake N aivasha, Kenya by K. M. Mavuti... 185 III. Community ecology Relative significance of direct and indirect effects of predation by planktivorous fish on zooplankton by Z. M. Gliwicz... 201

VI Seasonal trends in zooplankton densities in Sanyati basin, Lake Kariba: multivariate analysis by H. M. Masundire... 211 Mean individual dry weight and length-weight regressions of some zooplankton of Lake Kariba by H. M. Masundire... 231 Chlorophyll budget in a productive tropical pond: algal production, sedimentation, and grazing by microzooplankton and rotifers by R. Arfi & D. Guiral... 239 Comparative limnology, species diversity and biomass relationship of zooplankton and phytoplankton in five freshwater lakes in Kenya by J. N. Uku & K. M. Mavuti... 251 Changes in relative abundance of zooplankton in northern Lake Victoria, East Africa by L. Mwebaza-Ndawula... 259 Zooplankton composition and abundance in two impoundments in Zimbabwe by P. F. M. Elenbaas & C. Grundel... 265 Evaluation of eutrophication control in Lake Chivero, Zimbabwe, by multivariate analysis of zooplankton by C. H. D. Magadza... 277 The Kariba Discussion by The Editors... 293

Hydrobiologia 272, 1994. H. J. Dumont. J. Green & H. Masundire (eds), Studies on the Ecology of Tropical Zooplankton. vii Preface The decision to hold a workshop on tropical zooplankton in Zimbabwe was strongly influenced by the enthusiasm of Hilary Masundire, who undertook the local organization. The workshop was held at the Cutty Sark Hotel on the shores of Lake Kariba, in an area still rich in large game animals. A valuable aspect of the meeting was that the group was small enough for everyone to discuss with everyone else between the more formal presentations. There was good personal interaction in an informal atmosphere. Another valuable feature was the 'Kariba Discussion'. This was a series of open informal discussions which attempted to clarify the nature of tropical freshwater zooplankton, and to discuss the ways in which it might differ from the zooplankton of temperate regions. An attempt to summarize this discussion is given at the end of this volume. A mid-workshop excursion picknicked on an island partway down the lake, but also spent some time examining the Kapenta (Limnothrissa miodon) fishery. After the workshop there was a camping trip to the Great Zimbabwe, where the splendour of the ruins was less of a surprise than the low temperature at night. Not all the papers presented at the workshop are published in this volume, and some of the presented papers have been extensively revised after discussion. The results which follow represent a continuation of the process begun in Kyoto in 1980, and continued at San Carlos in 1982. There is still much to be done, but the study of tropical freshwater zooplankton is now firmly established. THE EDITORS