Completing the paradigm shift in street planning and design: who s your client? Dr. Jeannette Montufar, P.Eng., PTOE Complete Streets Forum Toronto, October 6 2014
June 29, 1956
Goals of Federal Aid Highway Act National defense High-speed driving Eliminate traffic congestion Make coast to coast transport more efficient Replace undesirable slum areas with pristine ribbons of concrete http://todayinsci.com/events/transport/highwayaidactsigning1954.jpg
Toronto interchange, 1959 http://www.thekingshighways.ca Construction of Boston s Central Artery, 1956-1959 http://ubanplanner.blogspot.ca/2011/10/there-was-different-option-for-cars-in.html
I30/I45 interchange in Dallas, 1970 http://www.interstate-guide.com/i-030.html I35 through Duluth, MN, 1980s http://attic.areavoices.com/tag/construction/
Interstate 5 through Seattle Highway 401 Interstate 75 through Atlanta
Unanticipated (?) side effects People displaced from their homes Freeways sliced communities in half Abandonment and decay of city after city Traffic congestion Quality of life? Economic development Los Angeles freeway
Daily long-haul truck traffic, 2007 http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/2013cpr/chap1.htm
December 18, 1991 Paradigm shift
Goals of ISTEA Address changing needs of America Reduce traffic congestion Promote safety Protect the environment Improve quality of life
Sustainability Increasing level of sustainability Walking Cycling Public transit Carpooling Cars
Complete streets Roads designed to be safe for drivers, bicyclists, transit vehicles and users, and pedestrians of all ages and abilities It is about changing the decision-making and design process It is about policy and institutional change
Challenge Transport is derived demand LOS V/C Delay Safety Streets don t change
Who s your client?
http://completestreetsprince.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/cs_fundamentals.jpg
Considerations for complete streets One size does not fit all design should reflect users, context of the area and land use Identify modal priorities walking, cycling, taking transit, movement of goods, cars What are the characteristics of those users?
Ped walking speed in Canada 100% Cumulative Percent (%) 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 0.30 0.60 0.90 1.20 1.50 1.80 2.10 2.40 2.70 3.00 Walking Speed (m/s) All - Younger All - Older Source: Montufar et al (2013), Pedestrian walking speed for traffic operations in Canada TAC report.
Pedestrians with impairments 100 Cumulative Percent (%). 80 60 40 20 0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 Walking Speed (m/s) Source: Montufar and Arango (2009), Walking speed of pedestrians who use walkers or canes for mobility Transportation Research Record 2002.
Truck turning radius 13.7 m NACTO 12.8 m
Considerations for complete streets One size does not fit all design should reflect users, context of the area and land use Identify modal priorities walking, cycling, taking transit, movement of goods, cars What are the characteristics of those users? Be prepared for trade-offs Whatever you build will need maintenance Economic vitality and equity driving forces Performance evaluation is essential
Summary Crowded street in late 1800s http://www.blogto.com/city/2010 Cars and pedestrians on Bay St, 1925 http://chuckmantorontonostalgia.wordpress.com
Toronto interchange, 1959 http://www.thekingshighways.ca Summary
Summary
Summary
The challenge of transportation engineering and planning To intervene, delicately and deliberately in the complex fabric of society to use transport effectively... to achieve the goals of that society J. Khisty 1920 2013
Contact Dr. Jeannette Montufar, P.Eng., PTOE Jeannette.montufar@morrconsulting.com Jeannette.montufar@umanitoba.ca