Efficcy Trils ginst the Q-Q Biotype of the Sweetpotto Whitefly, Bemisi tci Jmes A. Bethke 1,2 & Frnk J. Byrne 1 1 Deprtment of Entomology, University of CA Riverside 2 Floriculture Frm Advisor, University of Cliforni Coopertive Extension Sn Diego County
Acknowledgements 1) QTAC committee, Lnce Osorne, Cindy McKenzie, Joe Chmerlin 2) ANLA, FRI, nd IR-4 Cristi Plmer, Lin Schmle,, Lnce Osorne 3) Eckes, Bordiers Nursery 4) Oliver Sipno
Presenttion Outline 1) Wht is iotype? 2) A, B, Q nd mny others 3) Purpose ehind the fervor 4) Efficcy trils
Wht is Biotype A iotype is group of orgnisms tht hve the sme genetic constitution. They re more closely relted to ech other in their genetic mkeup thn to other popultions of the sme species. Host rce Geogrphiclly isolted Reproductively isolted
Bemisi tci Biotypes Strins/host rces of Bemisi tci Biotype A = Originl B. tci in US Biotype B = Silverlef whitefly Originlly thought Western Asi origin New dt supports Africn origin Biotype Q Predomintes in the Mediterrnen A Q B
Q iotype Bemisi re distinguished from B iotype insects sed on nding ptterns of esterses Electrophoresis - PCR - Gene sequencing B-type stndrds Q-type from New York B-type from New York Esterses migrte downwrds during electrophoresis Dignostic Q nds Dignostic B nds
Efficcy Trils Similr methodology for ll trils 1) Clip cge dults on leves for egg deposition 2) Following egg htch, count the numer of erly instrs usully firsts nd some seconds 3) Mke pplictions on erly instrs 4) All trils were single pplictions on stndrdized whitefly popultions 4) Follow until ll immtures hve emerged s dults 5) Percent emergence or percent mortlity
Pesticides in Tril Trde Nme Formultion Common Nme Rte/100 gl Compny Ari 50% Flonicmid 4.3oz FMC Avid 0.15EC Amectin 8floz Syngent Avid+Tlstr 0.15EC + NF Amectin+Bifenthrin 8floz + 18floz Syngent+FMC Distnce IGR Pyriproxifen 8floz Vlent Dursn ME Chlorpyrifos 50floz Dow Agrosciences Discus 2.94 + 0.7% Imidcloprid+Cyfluthrin 25floz Olympic Horticultur Endevor 50WG Pymetrozine 5oz Syngent Enstr II S-Kinoprene 10floz Wellmrk Judo 4l/gl Spiromesifen 4floz Olympic Horticultur MilStop 85% Potssium Bicronte 2.5l BioWorks Orthene TT&O Acephte 4oz Vlent Snmite 75WP Pyriden 6oz Scotts Tlstr NF Bifenthrin 18floz FMC Tlus IGR Buprofizen 6oz SePro Tme 2.4EC Fenpropthrin 16floz Vlent
Pesticides in Tril Folir Applictions Formultion Common Nme Rte per 100 gllons Compny Celero 16 WSG Clothinidin 4oz Aryst Life Science Flgship 25 WG Thimethoxm 4oz Syngent Mrthon II Imidcloprid 1.7floz Olympic Horticulture Sfri 20 SG Dinotefurn 8oz Vlent Tristr 70WSP Acetmiprid 4 pcket = 2.2 oz Clerys Drench Applictions Formultion Common Nme Amount of Product/pot Compny Celero 16 WSG Clothinidin 4oz of product/2000 6" pots Aryst Life Science Flgship 25 WG Thimethoxm 4oz /100gl use 1/3 pot volume Syngent Mrthon II Imidcloprid 1.7 oz/1000 6" pots Olympic Horticulture Sfri 20 SG Dinotefurn 24oz/100 gl - 4oz fin solu/pot Vlent
Q-Biotype Strins used in Efficcy Trils t UC Riverside Poinsetti 04 - Dr. Tim Dennehy s s colony from the Univ of Arizon held in qurntine t UC Riverside Biotyped y Dr. Frnk Byrne s 100% Q-BiotypeQ Trils completed in qurntine CASLO1 05 - popultion collected from gerer disy in greenhouse in Sn Luis Oispo County (SLO), Cliforni (CA) in 2005 Biotyped y Dr. Frnk Byrne s 97% Q-BiotypeQ Trils conducted in commercil nd university greenhouses
Greenhouse Tril t UCR using Folir Biotyped once Sprys of Selected Insecticides - Popultion CASLO1 05-17 of 18 Q (1 B-iotype) B 30 cm tll poinsettis Grown in 6 6 pots - pprox. 1800ml volume - nursery medi pet, perlite, snd 5 single replicte locks 15 Q dults clipcged for 48 hours for oviposition Tretments pplied to first nd second instrs, nd efficcy ws determined from the percentge of immtures completing development to dult
80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Men Percent Emergence of Q-Biotype CASLO1 Treted With the Highest Recommended Rte of Selected Insecticides on Poinsetti Five Single Replicte Blocks/Tretment cd c de de e de e Avid @ 8floz Avid+Tlstr Tlstr @ 18floz Tlus @ 6oz Durgrd ME @ 50floz Tme @ 10.66floz Snmite 6oz Distnce @ 8floz Judo @ 4floz Control Men Percent Emergence of Adults
UCR Ag Ops Greenhouse Tril on Poinsettis using the Neonicotinoids CASLO1 05 Popultion 30 cm tll poinsettis Grown 6 6 pots - pprox. 1800ml volume - nursery medi pet, perlite, snd 5 single replicte locks 15 Q dults clipcged for 48 hours for oviposition Tretments pplied to first nd second instrs, nd efficcy ws determined from the percentge of immtures completing development to dult
100.0% 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Men Percent Emergence of Q-Biotype CASLO1 Popultion Treted with the Neonicotinoids on Poinsetti 5 replictes/tretment c c cd cd cd d d cd Control Mrthon Spry Mrthon Drench Tristr Spry Sfri Spry Sfri Drench Flgship Spry Flgship Drench Celero Spry Celero Drench Men % Emergence
Qurntine Fcility Tril t UCR on Poinsettis using the Neonicotinoids Typed once (100% Q) - Popultion Poinsetti 04 12 of 12 Q 15 cm tll poinsettis Grown 6 6 pots - pprox. 1800ml volume - nursery medi pet, perlite, snd 3 single replicte locks, pseudo repliction due to cge 15 Q dults clipcged for 48 hours for oviposition Tretments pplied to first nd second instrs, nd efficcy ws determined from the percentge of immtures completing development to dult 10 Q dults clipcged for 48 hours to determine efficcy ginst dults
Men Percent Emergence of Adults 100 80 60 40 20 Efficcy of Drenched Neonicotinoids Aginst Nymphs of the Sweetpotto Whitefly Q-Biotype on Poinsetti in Qurntine c N=3, Å 23 Nymphs/Plnt F=42.5;df=4,8;P<0.0001 c 0 Control Celero Sfri Mrthon Flgship
100 90 80 70 60 Efficcy of Neonicotinoids Aginst Adult Sweetpotto Whitefly Q-Biotype on Poinsetti fter 48 Hour Exposure Ten Adults/Clipcge One Clipcge/Plnt Three Plnts/Tretment F=16.8;df=4,8;P=0.0006 Aott's Corrected c 50 40 30 20 10 0 Celero Sfri Mrthon Flgship 12 Dys Post Tretment
Conclusions Erly Trils Pesticide Formultion - v/vai - %AI Rte per 100 gllons Reltive Efficcy in Trils Avid +Tlstr* 0.15EC + NF 8oz + 18oz 100% Avid* 0.15EC - 0.15lAI/gl - 2%AI 8oz >95% Celero 16 WSG - 0.16lAI/l - 16% 4oz 70-80% Distnce IGR - 0.86lsAI/gl - 11.23% AI 8oz >95% Durgrd ME - 20% AI 50oz 80% Flgship* 25 WG - 0.25lAI/l - 25% 4oz 80-100% Judo* 4 ls/gllon - 45.2% AI 4oz 100% Mrthon II - 2 ls/gllon -21.4%AI 1.7oz 70-80% Sfri* 20 SG - 0.2lAI/l - 20% 8oz 95-100% Snmite* 75WP -0.75lAI/l - 75%AI 6oz >95% Tlstr NF - 0.67ls/gl - 7.9% AI 18oz 50% Tlus IGR - 0.7lsAI/l - 70% AI 6oz 60% Tme 2.4EC - 2.4lsAI/gl - 30.9% 16oz 70% Tristr* 70WSP - 0.7lAI/l - 70%AI 4 pcket = 2.7 oz >90%
L Tril using Distnce B (Commercil( Nursery) ) nd Q (CASLO1( 05 ) were cged on opposite sides of the sme poinsetti lef nd llowed to oviposit,, one time to otin eggs second time on different lef to otin nymphs. Two leves were used per plnt for oth eggs nd nymphs on three plnts per tretment. Plnts were treted with the highest recommended rte of Distnce (pyriproxifen) The percent htch nd percent emergence ws determined for treted eggs nd nymphs of oth Q nd B iotypes.
Men proportion of egg htch of Q nd B iotype Whiteflies on poinsetti treted with Distnce 1.00 0.75 N = 154 N = 1056 N = 209 N = 927 Q-Biotype B-Biotype 0.50 0.25 0.00 Control Distnce
0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 Men Proportion of whiteflies emerging from eggs treted with Distnce Q-Biotype B-Biotype 0.1 0.0 Control Distnce Biotype F = 2.48 P = 0.1533 Tretment F = 20.62 P = 0.0019
Men proportion of treted B nd Q whitefly nymphs tht emerged s dults 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 Control Distnce Biotype F = 3.3, P = 0.1067 Tretment F = 37.5, P = 0.0003 Q-Biotype B-Biotype
Men proportion of emergence when eggs or nymphs of B nd Q iotype whiteflies re treted with Distnce 0.5 Q-Biotype 0.4 B-Biotype 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 EGGS NYMPHS
Field Trils t Eckes Two trils were conducted ginst CASLO1 05 Testing hypotheses of Tme nd Orthene use, nd confirming neonicotinoid rtes nd efficcy on 4 4 single stems. Plnts were ctively growing nd moving towrd color. Testing vrious other insecticides t lte stge poinsetti rct formtion, nd use of neonicotinoids drenched (distriution ssy) on 6 6 pinched crop. Plnts were treted in lte stge color.
Men Percent Mortlity of Q on 4" Potted Poinsetti 100 90 80 70 60 Aotts Corrected Mortlity F = 15.83; df = 10,64; P <0.0001 50 40 30 20 10 0
Men Percent Mortlity of Q on 6" Potted Poinsetti 100 90 80 Aotts Corrected Mortlity F = 9.5; df = 9,43; P < 0.0001 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Conclusions Folir pplictions of Pyriproxifen ginst Q re not recommended Sprying eggs or nymphs of B-iotype B cuses sme effect, wheres there is no difference which stge is spryed on Q, survivorship to dult occurs Drench pplictions of neonicotinoids still need study. There ws difference etween pplictions on 4 vs 6 pots. Hevy pet medi Plnts were wtered differently Slightly different stge of rct formtion difference in density nd volume of folige No new products to dd to the list.