QUR ANIC ARABIC - LEVEL 1 Unit ٢٠ - Present Tense I 1
Today s lesson Up to now, we studied Past Tense ال م اض ى Now, we will learn Present Tense ال م ض ار ع اإلض اف ة But before that, we will study 2
اإلض اف ة phrase Possessive Literally means adding There is no «of» or «`s» in Aric Possession is expressed by 2 linked nouns : م ض اف : noun 1. First م ض اف إل ي ه : noun 2. Second Forget out possessor or possessed Both parts together = single structure 3
م ض اف Rules for It does not take ا ل 1. Definite article - 2. Indefinite article Tanween It is definite by position in the phrase Ending can be Nom. / Acc. / Gen. ن If Sound Dual or Plural noun loses Its adjective must be definite too 4
م ض اف Examples of م ض اف ن ار ن ص ر م س ل م ي ب ن ت ا Indefinite ن ار ن ص ر م س ل م ني ب ن ت ان 5
م ض اف إل ي ه Rules for م ج ر ور / case It will be in the Genitive I do not say ends with kasrah!? م س ل م ني vs م س ل م ني : Example It can be definite ( (ا ل or indefinite (Tanween) Examples : ح ام د الو ل د الب ي ت م ح م د 6
How to translate? Just add «of» between the first and second noun translating from Right to Left The اف,م ض even without,ا ل is translated using The (definite) and not A Avoid using the «`s» in English e.g. Ahmad s book 7
إض اف ة Examples of ن ار اهلل The Fire of Allah ن ص ر اهلل The help of Allah ي و م ٱلد ين The Day of Judgment ك ت اب أ ح م د The book of Ahmad 8
Attached pronoun Can express possession using attached pronouns ر س ول اهلل The Messenger of Allah مضاف مضاف إليه ه و or ه? اهلل With what can we replace = He no possession ه و = His shows possession ه 9
Attached pronoun Replace with attached pronoun مضاف ر س ول + ه مضاف إليه His Messenger ر ب ن ا Our Lord ك ي د ه م Their plot ه ذ ا أ ب وك This is your father 10
Attached pronoun Case ending is not changed to Kasrah (م ب ن ي / (indeclinle ك ت اب ك vs ك ت اب ك Except : noun is Genitive and declinle : م ن ر س و ل ه From His Messenger 11
Special words = owner of / one who has ذ ي \ ذ ا \ ذ و 1. ذ و ال ج ال ل و اإل ك ر ام Possessor of Majesty and Honour = adverb ظ ر ف 2. ف و ق ت ح ت ع ن د ب ي ن م ع ب ع د ق ب ل These words are م ض اف and the noun following them are م ض اف إل ي ه (Genitive) 12
خبر, Analyse More examples ١. م س ج د ر س و ل اهلل مضاف مضاف إليه مضاف مضاف إليه The mosque of the Messenger of Allah ٢. م ل ك ي و م ٱلد ين مضاف مضاف إليه مضاف مضاف إليه The Owner of the Day of Judgement 13
ال م ض ار ع - tense Present Used for present and future (unfinished) (Pre)sent tense = has (Pre)fix From Past tense, we add : prefix suffix 14
ال م ض ار ع - Rules ن, أ, ت, ي Prefixes are he / they you i us و ن Suffix for Masculine plural is First radical (ف) is Saakin (has sukoon) Second radical (ع) can have 15
ال م ض ار ع - Examples م اض ى م ض ار ع He writes / ك ت ب ي ك ت ب will write They open / will open ف ت ح ي ف ت ح و ن I earn / ك س ب أ ك س ب will earn You know / ع ل م ت ع ل م will know 16
Sample Questions 17
Revision What is the subject of the sentence? What is the case of مؤمنني? why? م ض اف إل ي ه and م ض اف List all Why is أ ج ر ا accusative? 18
Classwork Question-based 19
1-١٦:٨ Present pl. 2 nd Negation Object + relative pro. Present sg. 3 rd و ي خ ل ق م ا ال ت ع ل م ون And // He creates // what // you do not // know 20
جر ا س م مجرور 2-٥٧:٤ Object + relative pro. Present sg. 3 rd ي ع ل م م ا ي ل ج ف ى ٱأل ر ض و م ا ي خ ر ج م ن ه ا He knows // what // penetrates // into // the earth // and // what // comes out // of it 21
As previous 3-٥٧:٤ جر ا س م مجرور Present sg. 3 rd و م ا ي نز ل م ن ٱلس م آء و م ا ي ع ر ج ف يه ا Object + relative pro. And // what // descends // from the heaven // and // what // ascends // to it (lit. in it) 22
- ٥٧:٤ 4 أ ي ن م ا Also مبتدأ ا س م Condition Adverb و ه و م ع ك م أ ي ن م ا ك نت م مضاف إليه And // He is // with you // wherever // you are (lit. you were) 23
5-٥٧:٤ لفظ الجاللة وهو مبتدأ ب م ا = ب + م ا خبر Present pl. 2 nd جر + rel. pro. و ٱهلل ب م ا ت ع م ل ون ب ص ير And // Allah // of what // you (pl.) do // is All-Seeing 24
مضاف إليه Object 6-٤:٤٠ Present sg. Negation ا س م 3 rd خ ب ر إن ٱهلل ال ي ظ ل م م ث ق ال ذ ر ة Indeed // Allah // does not // do injustice // [even] the weight // of // an atom 25
7-٢١:٢٤ Object Present pl. مبتدأ Negation ف اع ل + rd 3 Particle ب ل أ ك ث ر ه م ال ي ع ل م ون ٱل ح ق مضاف إليه خ ب ر But // most of them // do not // know // the truth 26
? مضاف 8-٢:٢٦٢ Adverb خ ب ر جار ومجرور مبتدأ مضاف ل ه م أ ج ر ه م ع ند ر ب ه م مضاف إليه مضاف إليه مضاف إليه For them // their reward // [is] with their Sustainer 27
Present pl. ف اع ل+ 3 rd مبتدأ 9-٢:٢٦٢ جار ومجرور مبتدأ و هو خ ب ر خ ب ر Negation و ال خ و ف ع ل ي ه م و ال ه م ي ح ز ن ون And // no fear // shall be on them // and they will not grieve 28
Present pl. ف اع ل+ 2 nd Object rel. pro. 10-٢:٣٠ Present sg. 1st ا س م Particle Past ق ال إ ن ى أ ع ل م م ا ال ت ع ل م ون He [Allah] said // "Indeed I // know // that which // you // do not // know." 29
Present pl. 11-٥٦:٦٨ Past pl. ف اع ل + nd 2 2 nd + ف اع ل Rel. pro. Object Question أ ف ر ء ي ت م ٱل م آء ٱل ذ ى ت ش ر ب ون Have // you seen // the water // that // you (pl.) drink? 30
- ١٦:٥ 12 ه ا Why جار ومجرور مبتدأ خ ب ر Object Past sg. 3 nd و ٱأل ن ع م خ ل ق ه ا ل ك م ف يه ا د ف ء And // the cattle // He has created them // for you (pl.) // in them // [is] warmth 31
13-١٦:٥ Present pl. جار ومجرور ف اع ل+ 2 nd.. د ف ء follows و م ن ف ع و م ن ه ا ت أ ك ل ون And // [numerous] benefits // and // from them // you eat 32
Present pl. 2 nd 14-١٠٩:٢ Object + Rel. pro. Present sg. 1 st Negation آل أ ع ب د م ا ت ع ب د ون I do not // worship // what // you (pl.) worship 33
15-١:٥ Present pl. 1 st Object + Pro. إ ي اك ن ع ب د You alone // we worship 34
Next Week Exercise Unit 20 Du a م ع الس الم ة 35