STATUS OF FISH LARVAE STUDY IN MALAYSIA ZULKIFLI BIN TALIB ABD HARIS HILMI BIN AHMAD ARSHAD AHMAD HUSIN BIN ALIAS Department of Fisheries Malaysia
Presentation Flow Introduction - Zul Fish larvae study in SCS - Zul Fish larvae study in the Straits of Malacca - Haris Present study Husin Refuggia at Larut Matang Mangrove area Melaka land Recalaimation activity Straits of Johore land reclaimation activity Penang 2 nd link Future plan - Husin HRD Selected families for lower taxon id To establish centre for fish larvae at AEReC
Introduction Visit by Dr. Konishi in MFRDMD in 1997 Researcher sent for a 2 months course in Japan under Dr. Konishi Fish larvae course in MFRDMD by Prof. Kinoshita in 1998 1 st fish larvae survey in Malaysia EEZ in 1999 Started fish larvae program in MFRDRD under SEAFDEC fund in 2000 Mr. Haris went to PMBC fo a larvae course in 2000
Fish larvae course conducted By Prof. Kinoshita in 1998
Fish larvae study in SCS 1. SEAFDEC project 200-2002 to produce a laboratory guide on fish larvae - Main task was to collect specimens
Collection of fish larvae sample by boat
Collection of fish larvae sample by research vessel
Oceanography Laboratory
Illustrating fish larvae using Camera Lucida
Assistance from Expert
Malaysian EEZ Survey 1999
Map of Malaysia
Kind, Abundance and Distribution of Fish Larvae in the Malaysian Exclusive Economic Zone Rosdi Mohd.Nor, Zulkifli Talib and Raja Mohammad Noordin Raja Omar Abstract Fish larvae study was conducted in the Malaysian Exclusive Economic Zone between March and August 1998 covering the West and East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah and Sarawak. Fish larvae was studied for kind, abundance and distribution. There were 18 stations in the West Coast, 34 stations in the East Coast and 69 stations in Sabah and Sarawak. The standard larvae net with 500 micron mesh size was used for vertical sampling. Altogether there were 6,321 specimens collected; 2,456 from the West Coast, 1,643 from the East Coast and 2,222 from Sabah and Sarawak. The specimens identified comprised 87 families. There were 31 families from the West Coast, 43 families from the East Coast and 79 families from Sabah and Sarawak. The most dominant families in the West Coast were Gobiidae, Bregmacerotidae Leiognathidae, Engraulidae and Bothidae, while in the East Coast the most dominant families were Gobiidae, Leiognathidae, Carangidae, Engraulidae and Bregmacerotidae. Bregmacerotidae, Gobiidae, Myctophidae, Carangidae and Nemipteridae were the most dominant groups in Sabah and Sarawak. Keywords: Fish larvae, kind, abundance, distribution, Exclusive Economic Zone, dominant
8 7 1 2 3 4 3 2 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 6 5 6 7 10 11 12 13 Sampling Stations West Malaysia 5 10 9 8 11 12 15 14 16 17 18 19 14 13 22 21 20 4 15 23 24 25 3 16 17 28 27 26 29 30 2 18 19 20 32 34 31 33 1 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105
Sampling stations in Sarawak & Sabah 7 6 5 4 3 63 64 54 62 65 53 55 39 61 40 52 56 24 38 60 41 51 57 23 25 37 42 50 58 22 26 36 43 49 12 59 21 27 35 44 48 13 20 28 34 45 11 47 14 19 29 33 46 10 15 18 30 32 3 9 16 17 31 4 8 2 5 7 1 6 68 69 66 67 2 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117
Abundance and distribution of total fish larvae (No/100m 3 ) in Peninsular Malaysia 8 7 1 to 10 11 to 25 6 26 to 50 5 51 to 100 4 101 to 200 3 201 to 400 2 401 to 700 701 to 1000 1 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105
Abundance and distribution of total fish larvae (No/100m 3 ) in Sarawak & Sabah 1 to 10 11 to 25 7 26 to 50 6 51 to 100 5 101 to 200 4 201 to 400 3 401 to 700 2 701 to 1000 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117
East Coast of P. Malaysia Coastal Survey 2001
Distribution of Fish Larvae in the Coastal Area of the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia Zulkifli Talib, Abd. Haris Hilmi Ahmad Arshad and Rosdi Mohd.Nor Abstract Fish larvae study was conducted in the coastal area of the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia between 30th April and 25th June 2001 covering 52 stations. The study area was divided into four areas, Kelantan and Northern Terengganu (Sub-Area I), Terengganu (Sub-Area II), Pahang (Sub-Area III) and Johor (Sub-Area IV). Fish larvae was studied for kind, abundance and distribution. The standard larvae net with 500 micron mesh size was used for vertical sampling. There were 957 specimens collected which comprised 45 families. The most dominant families were Gobiidae, Bregmacerotidae, Carangidae, Callionymidae and Bothidae. Carangidae was the most abundant commercial family in Sub-Areas I, II and IV while Nemipteridae in Sub-Area III. Fish larvae was abundant in water depth between 20-40 m and around the islands, especially Pulau Tioman and the smaller islands near it. Keywords: Fish larvae, kind, abundance, distribution, coastal, dominant, islands
5 I 6 6 4 7 8 9 10 3 11 2 1 12 13 1516 14 5 R11 17 18 II Sampling stations 23 24 19 20 22 R12 21 28 4 R13 30 29 57 58 59 III 45 3 2 46 68 60 67 4756 61 66 48 65 49 62 50 55 63 IV 54 64 53 1 102 103 104 105
8 7 6 Abundance and distribution of total fish larvae (No/100m 3 ) 5 4 Total Bil/100m3 3 2 1 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 1 to 10 11 to 25 26 to 50 51 to 100 101 to 200 201 to 400
FISH LARVAE DISTRIBUTION OFF PULAU LAYANG-LAYANG
Pulau Layang-Layang
Distribution of Fish Larvae off Pulau Layang-Layang Zulkifli Talib, 1Haris Hilmi Ahmad Arshad, Mahyam Mohd. Isa and Rosdi Mohd. Nor Abstract Fish larvae study was conducted inside and outside the lagoon of Pulau Layang-Layang between 20th and 25th July, 2002. There were 5 sampling stations inside the lagoon and also 17 sampling stations within the area 070 00 N to 080 00 N and 1130 20 E to 114020 E outside the lagoon respectively. Larvae net towed by a small boat was used for horizontal sampling at 3 meter deep inside the lagoon while KK Paus was used for oblique sampling at maximum depth of 150 meters outside the lagoon. Water depth inside the lagoon was less than 15 meters while outside the lagoon the depth was more than 1,500 meters. Few larvae were collected inside the lagoon. 734 larvae representing 46 families were collected outside the lagoon. Myctophidae was most dominant (22.3%) followed by Acanthuridae (12.5%), Gonostomatidae (5.85%), Gobiidae (5.26%) and Labridae (5.15%). The economically important Family, Scombridae accounted for 1.35% from the total abundance of fish larvae. Acanthuridae, a Family associated with coral reef was present in all of the stations. Larval densities in the sampling stations was rather low ranging from 5 larvae/100 m3 to 30 larvae/100 m3.
Fish larvae sampling By bongo net
MATERIAL & METHODS The study conducted during an expedition to Pulau Layang-Layang between 20 th and 25 th July, 2002 using KL Paus 5 sampling stations inside the lagoon 19 sampling stations within the area 07 0 00 N to 08 0 00 N and 113 0 20 E to 114 0 20 E
Inside the lagoon Using larvae net 1 m diameter 0.5 mm mesh size Horizontal sampling (subsurface) Using small boat
Outside the lagoon Bongo net Oblique sampling-150 m depth limit Using KL Paus
RESULT & DISCUSSION Inside the lagoon - Very few fish larvae - 7 families Apogonidae Bleniidae Carangidae Gobiidae Lutjanidae Sparidae
Outer area of Pulau Layang-Layang - 734 larvae collected - 46 families - Top 5 families Myctophidae (22.3%) Acanthuridae (12.5%) Gonostomatidae (5.85%) Gobiidae (5.26%) Labridae (5.15%) - Scombridae (1.35%) - Top 5 51.2% of total fish larvae
7.8 1 to 10 7.7 17 18 19 10 to 20 7.6 Pulau Dallas Pulau Ubi 20 to 30 7.5 16 15 14 30 to 13 40 7.4 9 10 Pulau Layang-Layang 11 12 7.3 7.2 8 7 6 5 7.1 7.0 1 2 3 4 113.3 113.5 113.7 113.9 114.1 114.3 Abundance and distribution of total fish larvae (No./ 100 m 3 )
Layang-Layang Team
Study on Density, Distribution and Species Composition of Fish Larvae in the Waters off the Northwest Coast of Peninsular Malaysia by Abd. Haris Hilmi Ahmad Arshad and Muhammad Faisal Md. Salleh Fisheries Research Institute, Batu Maung Penang
Material & Methods 6.5 6 5.5 5 ST 7 ST 4 ST 1 ST 20 ST 17 ST 14 ST 30 ST 27 ST 42 ST 39 ST 51 ST 48 Samplings were conducted from 23rd February-15th March 2006 starting at Pulau Langkawi to Port Klang in the Straits of Malacca by using the Research Vessel MV SEAFDEC 2. A total of 23 stations were sampled during the survey. 4.5 ST 66 ST 63 ST 60 ST 76 ST 74 ST 72 4 ST 84 ST83 3.5 ST 92 ST 90 ST 100 3 2.5 98.5 99 99.5 100 100.5 101 101.5
Material & Methods Bongo net: 330 µm & 500 µm Oblique at 45 o Two types of towing Horizontal, 10 minute towing Sensor of net sonde
Result & Discussion Table 1: Density of fish larvae and Fish egg (No. /100 m 3 ) by different types of towing Oblique Types of Towing Horizontal Fish Larvae Range Average ± S.E 15.45-629.24 124.88 ± 28.97 0.81-338.13 37.41 ± 14.66 Fish Egg Range Average ± S.E 3.00-1474.07 131.78 ± 67.46 2.83-2139 190.58 ± 104.66
6.5 Total density (No./100 m 3 ) by oblique towing Fish larvae Fish Egg ST 7 ST 4 ST 1 P. Langkawi 6.5 ST 7 ST 4 ST 1 6 ST 20 ST 17 ST 14 6 ST 20 ST 17 ST 14 5.5 ST 42 ST 30 ST 39 ST 27 P. Pinang 5.5 ST 42 ST 30 ST 39 ST 27 5 ST 51 ST 48 Taiping 5 ST 51 ST 48 4.5 ST 66 ST 63 ST 60 4.5 ST 66 ST 63 ST 60 ST 76 ST 74 ST 72 Lumut ST 76 ST 74 ST 72 4 ST 84 ST83 4 ST 84 ST83 3.5 3 15.4 to 40.4 40.4 to 63.1 63.1 to 91.3 91.3 to 177.8 177.8 to 629.3 ST 92 ST 90 ST 100 3.5 Port Klang 3 3.0 to 11.3 11.3 to 14.2 14.2 to 20.7 20.7 to 23.6 23.6 to 40.9 40.9 to 144.4 144.4 to 1475.0 ST 92 ST 90 ST 100 2.5 98.5 99 99.5 100 100.5 101 101.5 2.5 98.5 99 99.5 100 100.5 101 101.5
Total density (No./100 m 3) by horizontal towing 6.5 Fish larvae ST 7 ST 4 ST 1 P. Langkawi 6.5 Fish Egg ST 7 ST 4 ST 1 6 ST 20 ST 17 ST 14 6 ST 20 ST 17 ST 14 5.5 ST 42 ST 30 ST 39 ST 27 P. Pinang 5.5 ST 42 ST 30 ST 39 ST 27 5 ST 51 ST 48 Taiping 5 ST 51 ST 48 4.5 ST 66 ST 63 ST 60 4.5 ST 66 ST 63 ST 60 ST 76 ST 74 ST 72 Lumut ST 76 ST 74 ST 72 4 ST 84 ST83 4 ST 84 ST83 3.5 ST 92 ST 90 3.5 ST 92 ST 90 3 0.8 to 4.8 4.8 to 17.3 17.3 to 40.6 40.6 to 338.2 ST 100 Port Klang 2.5 2.5 98.5 99 99.5 100 100.5 101 101.5 98.5 99 99.5 100 100.5 101 101.5 3 2.8 to 8.8 8.8 to 11.2 11.2 to 17.9 17.9 to 31.0 31.0 to 42.0 42.0 to 72.2 72.2 to 195.5 195.5 to 2140.0 ST 100
Table 2: Ten Most Dominant Families of Fish Larvae Family Engraulidae (Anchovy, Thryssa) Bregmacerotidae (Codlets) Gobiidae (Gobies) Scombridae (Tuna, Mackerel, Bonito) Carangidae (Scad & Trevally) Bothidae (Flounder/ Sebelah) Nemipteridae(Threadfin bream/kerisi) Clupeidae (Sardinella/Tamban, Terubok) Leiognathidae (Ponnyfish/Kekek) Cynoglossidae(Tongue Sole/ Lidah/Sebelah) Number of family Grand Total No of Larvae No. 403 320 248 128 97 75 69 53 49 43 % 20.2 16.1 12.4 6.4 4.9 3.8 3.5 2.7 2.5 2.2 53 1992
6.5 6 5.5 ST 7 ST 20 ST 42 ST 4 ST 30 ST 17 ST 39 ST 1 ST 27 ST 14 P. Langkawi P. Pinang Density of Engraulidae (Anchovies, Thryssa/ Bilis, Kasai) larvae (No. larvae/100 m 3 ) by stations 6.8 mm 5 ST 51 ST 48 Taiping 4.5 ST 66 ST 60 ST 74 ST 72 Lumut 4 ST 84 ST 83 3.5 ST 92 ST 90 ST 100 Port Klang 3 0.6 to 1.4 1.4 to 5.2 5.2 to 11.3 11.3 to 32.0 32.0 to 102.1 2.5 98.5 99 99.5 100 100.5 101 101.5
6.5 6 ST 17 ST 1 P. Langkawi ST 14 Density of Bregmacerotidae (Codlets/ Lepu) larvae (No. larvae/100 m 3 ) by stations 5.5 ST 42 ST 30 ST 39 ST 27 P. Pinang 5 ST 48 Taiping 4.5 ST 63 ST 60 ST 76 ST 74 ST 72 Lumut 4 ST 84 ST 83 3.5 ST 92 ST 90 3 0.9 to 4.5 4.5 to 6.6 6.6 to 11.6 11.6 to 20.5 20.5 to 59.4 59.4 to 234.5 ST 100 Port Klang 2.5 98.5 99 99.5 100 100.5 101 101.5
6.5 6 5.5 ST 7 ST 42 ST 4 ST 17 ST 39 ST 1 ST 27 P. Langkawi ST 14 P. Pinang Density of Gobiidae (Gobies/ Belukor, Belacak) larvae (No. larvae/100 m 3 ) by stations 5 ST 51 ST 48 Taiping 4.5 ST 66 ST 63 ST 60 ST 76 ST 74 ST 72 Lumut 4 ST 84 ST 83 3.5 ST 92 ST 90 3 0.7 to 3.6 3.6 to 6.5 6.5 to 9.7 9.7 to 21.1 21.1 to 131.3 ST 100 Port Klang 2.5 98.5 99 99.5 100 100.5 101 101.5
6.5 6 ST 7 ST 20 ST 4 P. Langkawi ST 14 Density of Carangidae (Scad, Trevally/Selayang, Cermin) larvae (No. larvae/100 m 3 ) by stations 5.5 ST 30 ST 27 P. Pinang ST 42 ST 39 5.4 mm 5 ST 51 Taiping 4.5 ST 66 ST 63 ST 60 ST 74 ST 72 Lumut 4 ST 84 ST 83 3.5 ST 92 3 0.6 to 3.5 3.5 to 17.0 ST 100 Port Klang 2.5 98.5 99 99.5 100 100.5 101 101.5
6.5 6 ST 4 P. Langkawi ST 14 Density of Scombridae (Mackerel, Spanish Mackerel, Bonitos, Tunas/ Kembong, Tenggiri, Tongkol) larvae (No. larvae/100 m 3 ) by stations 5.5 P. Pinang ST 39 5 Taiping 13.7 mm 4.5 ST 66 ST 72 Lumut 4 ST 84 3.5 3 0.9 to 1.0 1.0 to 1.4 1.4 to 19.8 19.8 to 53.1 Port Klang 2.5 98.5 99 99.5 100 100.5 101 101.5
Conclusion The top five family of fish larvae in the study area are Engraulidae, Bregmacerothidae, Gobiidae, Carangidae and Scombridae. The density of fish larvae is higher near the shore compared to offshore. Mangrove areas and islands play important role in spawning and nursery ground for fish species.
Acknowledgement The author wish to thank to the Director General of Fisheries Malaysia, Dato Junaidi Che Ayub; Director of Fisheries Research Institute, Mr. Ismail Awang Kechik and the Head of Resource Section, Mr. Abu Talib Ahmad for their permission of doing this project. Thanks are also due to Mr. Mohd. Nawab Arshad, Ms. Oh Kim Lan, Mr. Zulkifli Talib and Mr. Rosdi Mohd. Nor for their helping in species identification. The author is also grateful for the assistance of crew members of MV SEAFDEC 2 and colleagues of FRI, Penang who make this project succesful.
Current Projects
Fish larvae sampling Fisheries Reffugia
Sampling by pushnet
Push net haul
Push net haul
Future Plan
Fish larvae training Course in MFRDMD In 2007
Training course
New building Will be a Center for Fish larvae study