Construction of Rigging Systems Refresher Teaching and Learning Aids Projection Screen and PowerPoint System Whiteboard or easel pad and markers Rope Kits Time: 3.0 hours Teaching and Learning Domain: Cognitive and Psychomotor Student Performance Objective: Given information from discussion and demonstration, rope, webbing, and hardware, the student will demonstrate the selection of an anchor point, construction of a single point anchor system, a simple mechanical advantage system, a Z-Rig system, a Piggyback Rig system, and a System Safety Check. The student will successfully participate in drill activities and demonstrate the construction of anchor points and mechanical advantage systems to a 70% accuracy on a skills check-off sheet. Enabling Objectives (EOs): EO 1 Selection of Anchor Points EO 2 Construct a single-point anchor system. EO 3 Construct a simple mechanical advantage system EO 4 Construct a Z-Rig System EO 5 Construct a Piggyback Rig System (Pig Rig) EO 6 Perform a System Safety Check Overview: Anchor Points Single-Point Anchoring System Simple Mechanical Advantage System (2:1) Z-Rig System (3:1) Piggyback Rig System (4:1) System Safety Check
Lesson Plan Instructor Notes I. Anchor Points A. Purpose Means of securing the ropes and other elements of the system to something solid B. Selection 1. Natural Rock formations, trees, 2. Structural HVAC, fire escapes, railings, guard rails 3. Man Made Vehicle, axle, hitch, tow hook C. Criteria 1. Strength required 2. Direction of pull 3. Sharp edges 4. Adequate operating space D. Components 1. Rope 2. Webbing 3. Anchor hardware E. Anchor Attachment 1. Tensionless Hitch 2. Simple Loop (Figure 8 Follow-Through) 3. Three Bight 4. Wrap 3, pull 2 5. Commercial Slings
II. Mechanical Advantage Systems A. Uses 1. Hauling Makes raising a load easier and safer 2. Hoisting B. Components 1. Software a. Rope b. Webbing Water Bend to make loop 2. Hardware a. Carabiners Locking b. Pulleys Prusik minding preferred c. Capture devices Prusik loops, Gibbs ascenders III. Computing Mechanical Advantage A. Number of moving pulleys and multiply by two (standing, or anchored pulleys do not effect Mechanical Advantage B. Number of moving lines between load and anchor point plus the haul line C. Measure amount of rope pulled through the system 1. Distance load is moved 2. Divide amount pulled through by the distance load is moved 3. Will give you approximation of MA D. Compound systems Initial system is 3:1 MA, 1. Mechanical Advantage of second system is 4:1 MA, initial system resulting MA would be 2. Mechanical Advantage of 12:1 In a 12:1 MA 12 ft. system attached to haul line of rope must be pulled 3. Multiply the two together through the system to move the load 1 ft.
IV. Constructing a Mechanical Advantage System - Practical Exercise (PPE Required: Gloves, helmets/hardhats, eye protection and steel toed boots.) A. Demonstrate construction of a See Appendix A single point anchor system 1. Types * Simple loop Figure 8 follow-through * Three bight Anchor using webbing or rope tied into fixed loop. Loop is passed around the anchor into a bight configuration * Wrap three pull two * Tensionless anchor * Commercial Slings 2. System evaluation and safety check * Anchor adequate * Software/hardware rated for load * Hardware locked * Whistle test: If everyone removed their hands from the system, would the load stay in place? B. Student practice Providing Edge Protection A. The need for edge protection B. Methods to provide edge protection 1. Rope pads 2. Edge rollers 3. Skid bars
V. Constructing a Simple Mechanical Advantage System (2:1) A. Demonstration See Appendix B & C B. Student practice VI. Constructing a Z Rig System (3:1) A. Demonstration See Appendix D B. Student practice VII. Constructing a Piggy Back Rig (4:1) A. Demonstration See Appendix E B. Student practice VIII. Performing a Safety Check Remind students that safety checks should be done during construction 1. Check each portion of the rig in any rigging system 2. Ensure safety knots are in place 3. Test rig and anchors before placing a full load
Summary: Construction of Rigging Systems Student Performance Objective: Given information from discussion and demonstration, rope, webbing, and hardware, the student will demonstrate the construction of a single point anchor system, a simple mechanical advantage system, a Z-Rig system, a Piggyback Rig system, and a System Safety Check. The student will successfully participate in drill activities and demonstrate the construction of anchor points and mechanical advantage systems to a70% accuracy on a skills check-off sheet. Review: Selection of Anchor Point Constructing a Single-Point Anchoring System Constructing a Simple Mechanical Advantage System (2:1) Constructing a Z-Rig System (3:1) Constructing a Piggyback Rig System (4:1) Performing a Safety Check
Bibliography High Angle Rescue Techniques, Tom Vines, Steve Hudson, Elsevier/Mosby, 1999, Chapters 7 and 18 Rescue Technician, Operational Readiness for Rescue Providers, Mosby, 1998, Chapter 4
Construction of Rigging Systems Refresher Skills Check-off Sheet Participating in an in-class activity, students will demonstrate selection of an anchor point at the drill site. Satisfactory Unsatisfactory Participating in an in-class activity, students will demonstrate construction of a Single Point Anchor System using one of the five methods demonstrated. Satisfactory Unsatisfactory Participating in an in-class activity, students will demonstrate construction of a Simple Mechanical Advantage System (2:1) given rope and equipment. Satisfactory Unsatisfactory Participating in an in-class activity, students will demonstrate construction of a Z Rig Mechanical Advantage System (3:1) given rope and equipment Satisfactory Unsatisfactory Participating in an in-class activity, students will demonstrate construction of a Piggyback Mechanical Advantage System (4:1) given rope and equipment. Satisfactory Unsatisfactory Participating in an in-class activity, students will ensure that each system rigged during this activity is properly checked, given rope system and personnel. Satisfactory Unsatisfactory
Construction of Rigging Systems Refresher - Skills Check-off Sheet Selection of Anchor Point Constructing a Single-Point Anchoring System Constructing a Simple Mechanical Advantage System (2:1) Constructing a Z-Rig System (3:1) Constructing a Piggyback Rig System (4:1) Performing a Safety Check Class Members Group 1 Group 2 1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 3. 4. 4. 5. 5. 6. 6. 7. 7. 8. 8. 9. 9. 10. 10. Group 3 Group 4 1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 3. 4. 4. 5. 5. 6. 6. 7. 7. 8. 8. 9. 9. 10. 10.
Appendix A. Anchor attachments 1. Simple loop - Joined with a Figure 8 follow-through
2. Three bight - Using webbing or rope tied into fixed loop. Loop is passed around the anchor into a bight configuration
3. Wrap three- pull two Using webbing or rope, wrap the anchor three times and join ends. Pull two wraps and attach a carabiner.
4. Tensionless hitch Rope is wrapped around the anchor 5 or 6 times, then connect the rope back onto itself. This can be with a carabiner or a rewoven figure 8
Appendix B. Triple Wrapped Prusik Knot Prusik Loop is a continuous loop of rope in which a Prusik hitch is tied.
Appendix C Simple Mechanical Advantage System (2:1)
Appendix D. Constructing a Z-Rig System (3:1) Construction and operation of Z-Rig System (3:1) Establish location of load Construct attachment to suitable anchor and attach a pulley using a locking carabiner. Lay a single piece of rope in the shape of a Z. Tie a figure-8 on a bight or figure-8 reweave at the end of the rope near the load. Attach the loop to the load using a locking carabiner Run the rope through the pulley at the anchor. Attach a pulley to the load line, as close to the load as possible with a three wrap prusik knot. Rope goes through the pulley and becomes the haul line Apply a three wrap prusik knot to the rope on load side of the pulley and attach to the anchor using a locking carabiner.
Appendix E. Constructing a Piggyback Rig System (4:1)
Construction and operation of Piggyback Rig System (4:1) Establish location of the load Construct attachment to two suitable anchor points relatively close together Lay a single piece of rope between the load and one of the established anchors Attach a pulley on the rope and attach the pulley to the anchor with a locking carabiner Tie a stop knot in the rope on the haul side of the pulley Attach two three wrap prusik knots to the anchor with a locking carabiner Off center of a second rope, tie a figure-8 on a bight and attach this with a locking carabiner to the second anchor Form two J formations one big J and one small J Near the load on the first rope, attach a three wrap prusik From the second anchor, run one side of the line down to the load (big J ), form a bight, and bring the end of the line back towards the anchor Tie a figure-8 on a bight or figure-8 reweave to form a loop at the end of this line At the bight formed near the load, attach a pulley Attach the pulley to the prusik at the load with a locking carabiner From the second anchor, run the remaining free rope (small J ) to the end of line loop tied into the first line from that anchor and form a bight, bringing free end to the hauling area At the bight formed, place a pulley and attach to the end of line loop on the first line with a locking carabiner