Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2013 - Main Figures Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2016 Junctions
General In 2014, about 26.000 people were killed in road accidents throughout the EU; at least 5.000 of whom were killed in road accidents at junctions - a reduction of more than 40% since 2005. So the trend in junction accident fatalities broadly followed the trend in all fatalities. Figure 1: Number of junction fatalities and all road fatalities, EU, 2005-2014 The number of fatalities at junctions has fallen every year except two since 2005... Statistics related to junction accidents need to be treated carefully due to the presence of a high proportion of "unknown" entries in certain countries. - 2 -
Table 1: Number of junction fatalities by country, 2005-2014 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 BE 210 207 195 167 164 158 170 141 138 94 BG - - - 167 119 - - - - - CZ 262 221 216 237 177 177 171 143 140 146 DK 94 101 129 126 93 72 67 48 53 47 DE 1.333 1.291 1.219 1.117 1.071 914 1.035 - - - It is estimated that more than 5.000 people died in road accidents at junctions in the EU in 2014. EE 31 38 52 38 21 17 20 9-13 IE 74 56 45 42 30 23 29 23 40 - EL - - - - - - - - - - ES 750 754 721 577 484 458 369 377 315 353 FR 664 593 565 475 576 490 508 466 445 484 HR 82 82 82 102 85 57 72 61 61 54 IT 1.674 1.654 1.550 1.369 1.218 1.140 1.102 929 760 834 CY 26 30 34 32 17 17 22 11 12 15 LV 38 45 53 20 17 28 28 18 15 23 LT - - - - - - - - - - LU 3 3 7 8 6 6 4 6 7 5 HU 260 266 268 246 169 129 92 87 100 105 MT - - - - - - - - - - NL 249 276 253 227 221 192 207 190 183 163 AT 148 128 123 115 139 118 118 102 101 80 PL 898 805 884 872 739 616 678 598 550 522 PT 196 131 161 140 137 163 156 120 93 111 RO 236 238 272 270 255 208 216 227 213 175 SI 28 23 24 24 12 14 15 7 15 15 SK 72 75 61 70 35 44 - - - - FI 73 65 62 72 51 58 66 - - - SE 98 99 115 97 65 50 - - - - UK 1.152 1.115 1.089 907 816 646 706 682 646 648 EU 8.818 8.463 8.347 7.517 6.716 5.914 6.064 5.559 5.210 5.241 Yearly Change -4% -1% -10% -11% -12% 3% -8% -6% 1% IS 3 2 1 4 1 4 1 0 3 0 CH 55 54 55 69 66 43 55 42 39 38 Totals for EU include latest available data (Data for Greece, Lithuania and Malta not included in totals) - 3 -
Figure 2 shows that the proportion of fatalities in road accidents at junctions of all fatalities was slightly above 20% throughout the last years. A few countries have been excluded from this chart due to a lack of appropriate data (see Table 8). The proportions from 2014 are illustrated in Map 1. Figure 2: Number of junction fatalities and percentage of all road fatalities, EU, 2005-2014 or latest available year The proportion of fatalities in road accidents at junctions of all fatalities was slightly above 20% throughout the last years. - 4 -
Map 1: Percentage of junction fatalities by country, 2014 or latest available year The proportion of fatalities occurring at junctions varies between 10% and 35% across the EU. - 5 -
Table 2 shows the proportion of fatalities in road accidents at junctions of all fatalities by country (data availability provided). There seems to be no common trend in this proportion across the EU, it has tended to fall in some countries, to remain constant or to rise in others. Table 2: Percentage of junction fatalities of all road fatalities by country, 2005-2014 or latest available year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 BE 19% 19% 18% 18% 17% 19% 20% 18% 19% 13% The proportion of fatalities occurring in road accidents at junctions has tended to fall in some countries, but to rise in others. BG - - - 16% 13% - - - - - CZ 20% 21% 18% 22% 20% 22% 22% 19% 21% 21% DK 28% 33% 32% 31% 31% 28% 30% 29% 28% 26% DE 25% 25% 25% 25% 26% 25% 26% 29% 31% 31% EE 18% 19% 27% 29% 21% 22% 20% 10% 11% 17% IE 19% 15% 13% 15% 13% 11% 16% 14% 21% - EL - - - - - - - - - - ES 17% 18% 19% 19% 18% 18% 18% 20% 19% 21% FR 12% 13% 12% 11% 13% 12% 13% 13% 14% 14% HR - - 13% 15% 16% 13% 17% 16% 17% 18% IT 29% 29% 30% 29% 29% 28% 29% 25% 22% 25% CY 25% 35% 38% 39% 24% 28% 31% 22% 27% 33% LV 9% 11% 13% 6% 7% 13% 16% 10% 8% 11% LT - - - - - - - - - - LU 6% 7% 15% 23% 13% 0% 12% 18% 16% 14% HU 20% 20% 22% 25% 21% 17% 14% 14% 17% 17% MT - - - - - - - - - - NL 33% 38% 36% 34% 34% 36% 38% 34% 38% 34% AT 19% 18% 18% 17% 22% 21% 23% 19% 22% 19% PL 16% 15% 16% 16% 16% 16% 16% 17% 16% 16% PT 16% 14% 17% 16% 16% 17% 18% 17% 15% 17% RO 9% 9% 10% 9% 9% 9% 11% 11% 11% 10% SI 11% 9% 8% 0% 7% 10% 11% 5% 12% 12% SK 12% 12% 9% 12% 9% 12% - - 14% - FI 19% 19% 16% 21% 18% 21% 23% - - - SE 22% 22% 24% 24% 18% 19% 16% 18% 19% 19% UK 35% 34% 36% 34% 35% 34% 36% 38% 36% 35% EU 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 21% 20% 20% 21% IS 16% 6% 7% 33% 6% 50% 8% 0% 20% 0% CH 13% 15% 14% 19% 19% 13% 17% 12% 14% 16% - 6 -
Figure 3: Junction fatality rates per million population by country, 2014 or latest available year The junction fatality rate ranges between 5 and 17, with an EU average of 11 junction fatalities per one million residents. Figure 3 and Table 3 illustrate the junction fatality rates per million population by country. This indicator ranges between 5 and 17, with an EU average of 11 junction fatalities per one million residents. - 7 -
Table 3: Junction fatality rates per million population by country, 2005-2014 or latest available year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 BE 20 20 18 16 15 15 15 13 12 8 BG - - - 22 16 - - - - - CZ 26 22 21 23 17 17 16 14 13 14 DK 17 19 24 23 17 13 12 9 9 8 DE 16 16 15 14 13 11 13 13 13 13 Just like the number of junction fatalities, also the junction fatality rate has been declining in the last ten years in most EU countries. EE 23 28 39 28 16 13 15 7 7 10 IE 18 13 10 9 7 5 6 5 9 - EL - - - - - - - - - - ES 17 17 16 13 10 10 8 8 7 8 FR 11 10 9 8 9 8 8 7 7 8 HR - - 19 24 20 13 17 14 14 13 IT 29 28 27 23 21 19 19 16 13 14 CY 35 40 45 41 21 21 26 13 14 17 LV 17 20 24 9 8 13 13 9 7 11 LT - - - - - - - - - - LU 7 6 15 17 12 0 8 11 13 9 HU 26 26 27 24 17 13 9 9 10 11 MT - - - - - - - - - - NL 15 17 15 14 13 12 12 11 11 10 AT 18 16 15 14 17 14 14 12 12 9 PL 24 21 23 23 19 16 18 16 14 14 PT 19 12 15 13 13 15 15 11 9 11 RO 11 11 13 13 12 10 11 - - - SI 14 11 12 0 6 7 7 3 7 - SK 13 14 11 13 7 8 - - 8 - FI 14 12 12 14 10 11 12 - - - - SE 11 11 13 11 7 5 5 5 5 5 UK 20 19 18 15 14 10 11 11 10 10 EU 19 18 17 16 14 12 12 11 11 11 IS 10 7 3 13 3 13 3 0 9 0 CH 7 7 7 9 9 6 7 5 5 5-8 -
Age and Gender Table 4 shows that the elderly (at least 65 years) are more likely than others to be killed at a junction. The variation of the percentage of junction fatalities by age and gender is illustrated in Figure 4. Figure 4: Percentage of junction fatalities by age group and gender, EU, 2014 The proportion of fatalities occurring at junctions is highest for the age group 65+ for both females and males. Table 4: Number and distribution of road fatalities by junction, age group and gender and percentage of junction fatalities by age group and gender, EU, 2014 <15 15-17 18-24 25-49 50-64 65+ Unknown Total Junction accidents female 38 27 93 223 179 541 8 1.110 Non-junction accidents Distribution of fatalities in male 62 70 318 988 535 910 12 2.896 female 193 121 457 1.074 715 1.325 16 3.901 male 256 278 1.997 5.181 2.741 2.492 57 13.002 Junction accidents female 1% 1% 2% 6% 4% 14% 0% 28% Non-junction accidents Proportion of fatalities at junctions male 2% 2% 8% 25% 13% 23% 0% 72% female 1% 1% 3% 6% 4% 8% 0% 23% male 2% 2% 12% 31% 16% 15% 0% 77% female 16% 18% 17% 17% 20% 29% 33% 22% male 19% 20% 14% 16% 16% 27% 17% 18% - 9 -
Road user type and transport mode Figure 5: Distribution of junction fatalities by mode of transport, EU, 2005-2014 The proportion of pedestrians in junction fatalities has been steadily increasing in the last years. Figure 5 and Table 5 show the distribution of fatalities that occurred at junctions across the different modes of transport as recorded in CARE data. According to Figure 5, especially the proportion of pedestrians in junction fatalities has been steadily increasing in the last years. - 10 -
Table 5: Total number and distribution of junction fatalities by country and mode of transport, 2014 or latest available year Car or Taxi Pedestrian Motor Cycle Pedal Cycle Moped Lorry HGV Other Total BE 28% 13% 19% 35% 5% 0% 0% 0% 94 BG 44% 31% 9% 9% 1% 0% 4% 2% 119 CZ 40% 20% 20% 16% 1% 3% 1% 0% 146 DK 32% 11% 15% 30% 11% 2% 0% 0% 47 60% of fatalities occurring at junctions are vulnerable road users. DE - - - - - - - - - EE 46% 23% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 31% 13 IE 63% 13% 15% 3% 0% 5% 0% 3% 40 EL - - - - - - - - - ES 31% 24% 21% 6% 5% 6% 3% 5% 353 FR 35% 20% 27% 7% 8% 2% 0% 1% 484 HR 48% 20% 15% 7% 4% 2% 0% 4% 54 IT 38% 14% 27% 11% 5% 3% 0% 1% 834 CY 20% 27% 27% 0% 7% 13% 0% 7% 15 LV 52% 13% 13% 13% 9% 0% 0% 0% 23 LT - - - - - - - - - LU 60% 20% 20% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 5 HU 30% 24% 13% 23% 6% 1% 1% 2% 105 MT - - - - - - - - - NL 19% 7% 9% 40% 10% 1% 1% 12% 163 AT 29% 16% 23% 25% 3% 1% 3% 1% 80 PL 32% 38% 11% 14% 3% 0% 2% 1% 522 PT 20% 26% 22% 7% 13% 7% 0% 5% 111 RO 38% 33% 2% 12% 3% 4% 1% 7% 175 SI 20% 33% 20% 20% 0% 0% 0% 7% 15 SK - - - - - - - - - FI - - - - - - - - - SE - - - - - - - - - UK 31% 31% 25% 9% 0% 1% 0% 3% 648 EU 34% 23% 20% 13% 4% 2% 0% 3% 4.051 CH 31% 0% 40% 29% 0% 0% 0% 0% 35-11 -
Table 6: Percentage of junction fatalities by country and mode of transport, 2014 or latest available year Car or Taxi Pedestrian Motor Cycle Pedal Cycle Moped Lorry HGV Other Total BE 7% 13% 23% 48% 31% 0% 0% 0% 13% BG - - - - - - - - 13% CZ 17% 22% 33% 34% 13% 25% 4% 0% 21% DK 17% 23% 39% 47% 38% 11% 0% 0% 26% DE - - - - - - - - 31% EE 18% 12% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 17% IE - - - - - - - - 21% In the EU, the percentage of junction fatalities by mode of transport is highest for pedal cyclists and powered twowheelers. EL - - - - - - - - - ES 15% 25% 25% 28% 31% 19% 21% 31% 21% FR 10% 19% 20% 21% 23% 6% 0% 0% 14% HR 19% 15% 18% 21% 18% 20% 0% 22% 18% IT 21% 21% 32% 35% 40% 20% 4% 18% 25% CY 20% 40% 44% 0% 0% 50% 0% 0% 33% LV 13% 4% 30% 19% 33% 0% 0% 0% 11% LT - - - - - - - - - LU 13% 33% 13% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 14% HU 13% 16% 24% 24% 35% 4% 7% 33% 17% MT - - - - - - - - - NL 18% 24% 29% 55% 53% 29% 17% 49% 34% AT 12% 18% 24% 44% 13% 10% 22% 0% 19% PL 13% 18% 23% 25% 23% 0% 10% 9% 16% PT 10% 20% 26% 23% 33% 16% 0% 14% 17% RO 9% 8% 9% 14% 20% 10% 6% 14% 10% SI 8% 25% 18% 19% 0% 0% 0% 0% 12% SK - - - - - - - - 14% FI - - - - - - - - - SE - - - - - - - - 19% UK 24% 43% 46% 50% 17% 18% 0% 50% 35% EU 14% 20% 28% 32% 29% 13% 8% 20% 21% Table 6 shows the proportion of fatalities in junction accidents for different modes of transport by country. As expected, in most countries this percentage is highest for vulnerable road users. - 12 -
Area and road type Figure 6 shows the distribution of junction fatalities by type of road; the percentages for each type of road vary widely among the countries. In contrast to the distribution of junction fatalities across the different types of road in Figure 6, in Table 7 the proportion of fatalities occurring at junctions is given for each type of road, which on EU average is highest for urban roads. In 2014, the reporting of junction accidents by type of road was relatively good for only 21 EU countries. Figure 6: Distribution of road fatalities by country, junction and road type, 2014 or latest available year The share of urban junction fatalities of all road fatalities varies from less than 5 to over 20% among the countries. - 13 -
Table 7: Number and percentage of junction fatalities by country and type of road, 2014 or latest available year Motorway Non-motorway All roads The share of junction fatalities is highest on urban roads. Fatalities % at junction Rural Fatalities % at junction Urban Fatalities % at junction Fatalities % at junction BE 105 5% 420 13% 188 19% 713 13% BG 36 3% 553 10% 312 21% 901 13% CZ 23 0% 431 15% 234 35% 688 21% DK 14 0% 122 25% 46 35% 182 26% DE 375-2.019-983 - 3.377 31% EE - - 56 13% 22 27% 78 17% IE 8 13% 145 21% 35 23% 188 21% EL - - - - - - - - ES 290 16% 957 16% 441 35% 1.688 21% FR 220 1% 2.171 11% 993 24% 3.384 14% HR 22 0% 95 19% 191 19% 308 18% IT 287 0% 1.589 23% 1.505 32% 3.381 25% CY 3 67% 8 38% 34 29% 45 33% LV - - 143 6% 69 20% 212 11% LT - - - - - - - - LU 3 0% 23 4% 9 44% 35 14% HU 27 0% 362 11% 237 27% 626 17% MT - - - - - - - - NL 57 4% 205 32% 158 47% 420 34% AT 36 0% 271 15% 123 32% 430 19% PL 56 0% 1.680 10% 1.466 24% 3.202 16% PT 50 2% 241 11% 347 24% 638 17% RO 21 10% 651 6% 1.146 11% 1.818 10% SI 16 0% 56 9% 53 19% 125 12% SK 16-148 - 157-321 14% FI 8 0% 159 1% 62 6% 229 - SE 31-158 - 67-256 19% UK 81 5% 1.142 25% 631 56% 1.854 35% EU 1.841 4% 14.143 12% 9.923 23% 25.907 21% CH 12 0% 138 10% 93 26% 243 16% IS - - 4-0 - 4 - NO - - 117-30 - 147 - - 14 -
Type of Junction Several types of junction are recorded in the CARE data, and Table 8 shows the data for years 2014. Junction type is not available for several countries, and there are wide variations among the others. Table 8: Total number and distribution of junction fatalities by country and junction, 2014 or latest available year At junction Not at junction Unknown Total Most fatal accidents at junctions occurred at at grade crossroad and at grade - T or staggered junction type of junctions. At level crossing At grade - crossroad At grade - multiple junction At grade - roundabout At grade - T or staggered junction Not at grade (interchange) At junction - other BE 1% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 12% 79% 8% 727 BG 0% 11% 0% 0% 0% 2% 0% 87% 0% 901 CZ 4% 7% 0% 0% 10% 0% 0% 79% 0% 688 DK 0% 14% 0% 0% 9% 0% 3% 74% 0% 182 DE - - - - - - - 77% 23% 3.377 EE 6% 0% 0% 0% 8% 0% 3% 83% 0% 78 IE 0% 9% 0% 1% 11% 0% 0% 0% 79% 188 EL - - - - - - - 93% 7% 795 ES 0% 7% 0% 3% 8% 0% 3% 79% 0% 1.688 FR 0% 6% 0% 2% 4% 0% 2% 86% 0% 3.384 HR 1% 5% 0% 1% 10% 0% 0% 81% 1% 308 IT 0% 9% 0% 2% 14% 0% 0% 75% 0% 3.381 CY 0% 7% 0% 7% 18% 0% 2% 67% 0% 45 LV 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 11% 89% 0% 212 LT - - - - - - - 83% 17% 267 LU 0% 6% 0% 3% 6% 0% 0% 86% 0% 35 HU 0% 8% 0% 0% 8% 0% 0% 83% 0% 626 MT - - - - - - - - 100% 13 NL 1% 31% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 66% 0% 476 AT 3% 12% 0% 0% 2% 0% 2% 81% 0% 430 PL 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 16% 84% 0% 3.202 PT 0% 4% 0% 2% 9% 2% 0% 82% 1% 638 RO 1% 9% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 90% 0% 1.818 SI 0% 6% 0% 0% 0% 0% 6% 88% 0% 125 SK - - - - - - - - 100% 321 FI 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 85% 13% 229 SE - - - - - - - - 100% 270 UK 0% 5% 0% 2% 21% 0% 6% 65% 0% 1.854 EU 0% 5% 0% 1% 5% 0% 3% 78% 7% 26.258 IS 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 4 LI - - - - - - - - 100% 2 NO - - - - - - - - 100% 147 CH 0% 7% 0% 0% 9% 0% 0% 0% 84% 243-15 -
Day of week and Time of day Figure 7 shows the distribution of fatalities in junction accidents by hour of day in the EU countries, and compares this with the distribution of fatalities in non-junction accidents. This comparison shows that proportionately fewer people died at junctions during the night (8pm-7am) and proportionately more during the day (8am-6pm). Figure 7: Distribution of road fatalities by junction and time of the day, EU, 2014 Proportionately more junction fatalities occur during day time traffic than away from junctions, and proportionately fewer during night time traffic. Figure 8: Distribution of road fatalities by junction and day of the week, EU, 2014 By comparison with non-junction accidents, relatively few people died at junctions during weekends. - 16 -
Figure 8 shows the distribution of fatalities in junction and non-junction accidents in 2014 by day of the week in the EU. By comparison with nonjunction accidents, relatively few people died at junctions during weekends and relatively many on weekdays (Monday -Friday). Seasonality No marked difference was found between the distributions of junction and non-junction fatalities by seasonality (month of the year). Figure 9 shows the distribution of fatalities in junction and non-junction accidents in 2014 through the year in the EU. The two distributions are similar, but there were relatively many fatalities in junction accidents in March and June, and relatively few in October and November. Figure 9: Distribution of road fatalities by junction and month, EU, 2014-17 -
Weather and lighting conditions No significant difference due to weather conditions was found between the distributions of junction and non-junction fatalities. Table 9 examines CARE data from the EU countries in 2014 to see whether the incidence of fatalities in junction accidents varies with weather condition. The numbers of fatalities in junction and non-junction accidents are shown first, followed by the distributions of junction and non-junction fatalities. The table also presents for each weather condition, the proportion of fatalities that occurred at a junction. This was highest for dry conditions (20%) and lowest in adverse conditions such as snow (10%). Table 9: Number and distribution of road fatalities by junction and weather condition and percentage of junction fatalities by weather condition, EU, 2014 Number of fatalities in: Dry Rain Fog or mist Snow Other Unknown Total Junction accidents 3.329 354 43 9 229 47 4.011 Non-junction accidents 13.377 2.032 293 84 891 244 16.921 Distribution of fatalities in: Junction accidents 83% 9% 1% 0% 6% 1% 100% Non-junction accidents 79% 12% 2% 0% 5% 1% 100% Proportion of fatalities occurring at junctions 20% 15% 13% 10% 20% 16% 21% Table 10 repeats the analysis for lighting condition. The proportion of fatalities occurring at junctions was highest for accidents in the dark with lighting, and lowest in the dark with no lighting. This probably reflects the tendency for street lighting to be installed at junctions. - 18 -
Table 10: Number and distribution of road fatalities by junction and lighting condition and percentage of junction fatalities by lighting condition, EU, 2014 In regard to lighting conditions the proportion of fatalities occurring at junctions was highest for accidents in the dark with lighting. Number of fatalities in: Darkness, no lights Darkness, with lights Daylight or twilight Unknown Total Junction accidents 381 559 2.116 1.013 4.069 Non-junction accidents Distribution of fatalities in: 3.358 1.807 8.686 3.070 16.921 Junction accidents 9% 14% 52% 25% 100% Non-junction accidents Proportion of fatalities occurring at junctions 20% 11% 51% 18% 100% 10% 24% 20% 25% 21% - 19 -
Accident Causation During the EC SafetyNet project, in-depth data were collected using a common methodology for samples of accidents that occurred in Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Finland, Sweden and the UK 12.The SafetyNet Accident Causation Database was formed between 2005 and 2008, and contains details of 1.006 accidents covering all injury severities. A detailed process for recording causation (SafetyNet Accident Causation System SNACS) attributes one specific critical event to each driver, rider or pedestrian. Links then form chains between the critical event and the causes that led to it. For example, the critical event of late action could be linked to the cause observation missed, which was a consequence of fatigue, itself a consequence of an extensive driving spell. 48% (483) of accidents in the database occur at junctions. Figure 10 compares the distribution of specific critical events for drivers and riders in junction accidents to those in non-junction accidents. Figure 102: Distribution of specific critical events - drivers or riders by junction presence The specific critical events, no action, premature action and late action, are recorded more frequently in junction accidents, especially acting prematurely. No action Premature action Late action Surplus speed Prolonged distance Incorrect direction Shortened distance Prolonged action /movement Skipped action Surplus force junction n=892 non - junction n=812 Other 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% Proportion of drivers/riders Source: SafetyNet Accident Causation Database 2005 to 2008 / EC; N=1704 Date of query: 2010 1 SafetyNet D5.5, Glossary of Data Variables for Fatal and Accident Causation Databases 2 SafetyNet D5.8, In-Depth Accident Causation Database and Analysis Report - 20 -
The distributions are quite different for the most often recorded specific critical events. The specific critical events under the general category of timing, no action, premature action and late action, are recorded more frequently in junction accidents, especially acting prematurely. A premature action is one undertaken before a signal has been given or the required conditions are established, for example entering a junction before it is clear of other traffic. On the other hand, incorrect direction, surplus speed and surplus force are recorded more frequently in non-junction accidents. Surplus speed describes speed that is too high for the conditions or manoeuvre being carried out, travelling above the speed limit and also if the driver is travelling at a speed unexpected by other road users. Similarly, surplus force describes excess acceleration or braking for conditions or actions. Incorrect direction refers to a manoeuvre being carried out in the wrong direction (for example, turning left instead of right) or leaving the road (not following the intended direction of the road). Here it is likely that the wrong direction element will appear in junction accidents and the leaving road element in non-junction accidents. Table 11 shows the most frequent links recorded between causes for drivers and riders in junction accidents. There are 1.001 such links in total for this group Table 11: Ten most frequent links between causes - drivers/riders, junction accidents 16% of the links between causes are observed to be between faulty diagnosis and information failure. Links between causes Frequency Faulty diagnosis - Information failure (between driver and traffic environment or driver and vehicle) 158 Observation missed - Temporary obstruction to view 92 Observation missed - Permanent obstruction to view 76 Observation missed - Faulty diagnosis 73 Observation missed - Distraction 62 Observation missed - Inadequate plan 55 Faulty diagnosis - Communication failure 55 Inadequate plan - Insufficient knowledge 53 Observation missed - Inattention 44 Observation missed - Permanent sight obstruction 24 Others 309 Total 1.001 Source: SafetyNet Accident Causation Database 2005 to 2008 / EC Date of query: 2010-21 -
Observation missed is recorded most frequently and the causes leading to that can be seen to fall into two groups, physical obstruction to view type causes (for example, parked cars at a junction) and human factors (for example, not observing a red light due to distraction or inattention). Following observation missed, faulty diagnosis is an incorrect or incomplete understanding of road conditions or another road user s actions. It is linked to both information failure (for example, a driver/rider thinking another vehicle was moving when it was in fact stopped and colliding with it) and communication failure (for example, pulling out in the continuing path of a driver who has indicated for a turn too early). Inadequate plan (a lack of all the required details or that the road user s ideas do not correspond to reality) is seen to lead to observation missed and be a result of insufficient knowledge. - 22 -
Notes 1. Country abbreviations Belgium BE Italy IT Romania RO Bulgaria BG Cyprus CY Slovenia SI Czech Republic CZ Latvia LV Slovakia SK Denmark DK Lithuania LT Finland FI Germany DE Luxembourg LU Sweden SE Estonia EE Hungary HU United Kingdom UK Ireland IE Malta MT Greece EL Netherlands NL Iceland IS Spain ES Austria AT Liechtenstein LI France FR Poland PL Norway NO Croatia HR Portugal PT Switzerland CH 2. Sources: CARE (Community database on road accidents) The full glossary of definitions of variables used in this Report is available at: http://ec.europa.eu/transport/road_safety/pdf/statistics/cadas_glossary.pdf 3. Data available in May 2016. 4. Data refer to 2014 and when not available the latest available data are used (2009 data for BG, 2010 data for SE and SK, 2011 for Germany and 2013 data for IE and SI). Totals and related average percentages for EU also include latest available data. 5. Data from Greece, Lithuania and Malta not included in the totals. 6. At the commenting of the tables and figures, countries with small figures are omitted. 7. This 2016 edition of Traffic Safety Basic Facts updates the previous versions produced within the EU co-funded research projects SafetyNet and DaCoTA. 8. Disclaimer This report has been produced by the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), the Austrian Road Safety Board (KFV) and the European Union Road Federation (ERF) under a contract with the European Commission. Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that the matter presented in this report is relevant, accurate and up-to-date, the Partners cannot accept any liability for any error or omission, or reliance on part or all of the content in another context. Any information and views set out in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the Commission. The Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this study. Neither the Commission nor any person acting on the Commission s behalf may be held responsible for the use that may be made of the information contained therein. 9. Please refer to this Report as follows: European Commission, Traffic Safety Basic Facts on Junctions, European Commission, Directorate General for Transport, June 2016. - 23 -
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