The development and testing of a manual notation system for identifying successful and unsuccessful shooting ratio in football / soccer

Hughes (1973) stated that shooting is not only the most exciting part of football, it is also the most important part of attacking play. Hughes, C. (1973). Football tactics and teamwork Hughes & Petit (2001) suggested that a successful shot should be placed or driven with the foot. Hughes, M. & Petit, A. (2001). Patterns of play in 1986 and 1988 World Cups for soccer. In pass.com (editied by M. Hughes and I. Franks), pp267-276.

Jinshan et al (1993) studied specific shooting techniques in terms of goals scored by the individual player. During the 1990 World Cup in Italy: Successful shots using the following part of foot / body Shooting with laces 28.7% Shooting with the inside 24.4% With a header 24.4% Jinshan, X., Xiaoke, C., Yamanaka, K. and Matsumoto, M. (1993). Analysis of the goals in the 14th World Cup. In Science and Football II (edited by T. Reilly, J. Clarys and A. Stibbe), pp203-205. London: E. & F.N.

System There is a wide range of performance actions and outcomes in football / soccer, and coaches tend to follow a logical path. The figure demonstrates a player who is just to come into possession and shoot at goal (Carling et al,. 2005). Carling, C., Williams, A. and Reilly, T. (2005) The Handbook of Soccer Match Analysis. London: Routledge.

The Final System A simple log entry will be recorded and will gather sufficient data, which can be analysed and enabled to present these results in an effective way. The data capture sheet uses a couple of data collection categories, which are frequency tables and sequential systems

Procedure The selected games had been pre- recorded on a hardrive and two coaches will an inter- operator reliability approach to analyse the individuals and teams i.e. Manchester City and Kun Aguero, Liverpool and Luis Suarez. After each sequence, the recording was rewound back to the start of phase. By observing it three times back, the notations for each field can be identified and confirmed

Reliability & Validity Reliability within this study is essential in order to gather precise data, which can then be transferred into accurate analysis. Vincent (1999) described reliability as a measure of the consistency of data, often determined by the test- retest method where a first measure is compared to a second or a third.

Results: Examples

Results, Cont

Discussions The system was modified in order to analyse and provide feedback for football and the performance indicators of shooting. The designed data capture sheet showed clear information of what data is needed. The following parameters were recorded; position, player, action and time. In most notation systems only two or three variables will be necessary. However, in team sports, it becomes more difficult to record and track players patterns of play manually. Results shown that driven shots w/laces are successful when it is aimed towards D1 or D3.

Discussions, Cont Modeling performances needs more work and tested, as this system was only used for a single match for two different teams. To carry it further the analyst(s) would be comparing results from 5 or 10 matches per team and it will provide a more detailed data that may be collected. Manual notation systems can quickly provide the coach with valuable information, which are easy to design, are cost- effective in terms of both time and resources. However, the disadvantages of these types of systems are that the time required for data processing can be very long.