Deep Sea Offshore Wind Power R&D Seminar Trondheim, 20-21 Jan. 2011 Atmospheric Profiling by Lidar for Wind Energy Research Torben Mikkelsen Wind Energy Division Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy - DTU
WindScanner.dk From new Wind Lidar Technology towards new Wind Energy WindScanner. dk2010-2013 Research Infrastructures : SpinnerEX EU ESFRI MusketeerEX 2007/2008 008 2009 Road Map 2010 First CW Wind lidar 2004 RI focus Scientific focus Technical focus 2, Technical University of Denmark
(1) VISION I: Full scale off and on shore measurements on WT arrays & wakes e.g. as here at Horns reef 3, Technical University of Denmark
2 Vision II: RI Windscanner Secure wind resource estimation in particular in complex terrain 4, Technical University of Denmark
(3) VISION III Pro-active wind turbine control from upwind measurements by lidars integrated in the nacelle : 5, Technical University of Denmark
Short-range WindScanners 6, Technical University of Denmark
The RI WINDSCANNER methodology is based on 3-dimensional scanning with wind lidars to determine the instantaneous turbulence fields: Since 2005 wind lidar technology has enabled replacement of tall (>100m) met masts 7, Technical University of Denmark
Our Aim: To measure 3-D wind fields in 2-D planes 8, Technical University of Denmark
Wind Turbines of today and tomorrow extract energy from the wind.but generates also wakes, over land (escience): and off-shore (Middelgrunden @ Copenhagen ) 9, Technical University of Denmark
MusketeerEx-II: Høvsøre Dec. 2008 Windscanner lidar test Spatial-resolution improved Stretch Pod Unit 107 (left) vs. Windscanner Unit 120 (right) 10, Technical University of Denmark
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.. The first assembled Windscanner (April 2010): 12, Technical University of Denmark
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WindScanner.dk: 12 -axes Control System Conneting and steering of 9 (+3 ) akser: 14, Technical University of Denmark 14
Long-Range ge WindScanning: On and offshore Ressource Assessment,Wind Conditions, Wakes 15, Technical University of Denmark
Specifications: Long-Range Wind Scanner: WLS70 +2D / Leosphere Scan Head: Range: Range 1.5-5 km depending on aerosols and sampling time Resolution: Space: Line-of-sight: 50-55 m(fwhm) Time: 1-10 s pr. measurement Drive specifications for both axis: Resolution 2mrad Speed 50 /s Acceleration > 100 /s2 Rotation = Continuous Backlash 0.5mrad Endless rotation Full sky scanning + down-look 16, Technical University of Denmark
First Long-Range Windscanner: Oct.2010 Joint -Leosphere WLS70 (<1.5 km)/200 (<5 km) 17, Technical University of Denmark
First Long-Range (Max range 5 km) WindScanner Risø Workshop, Leosphere, Fr. and IPU, DK, Oct. 2010 18, Technical University of Denmark
WindCube 002 modifyed for Risø MET-Mast EX 2009/2010:
Turbulence measured over by Doppler Lidar for basic power spectral and coherence studies 20, Technical University of Denmark
Risø MET- Mast EX Dec 2009 125 m above ground: Inertial Subrange 21, Technical University of Denmark
(3) Results to date : Pro-active wind turbine control from upwind measurements by lidars integrated in the nacelle : 22, Technical University of Denmark
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25 kw Wind Turbine 1975: 2.3 MW NM80 Ø/H ~ 0.3 Height 59 m; Ø Ø=80H Ø/H ~ 1.4 HH 24, Technical University of Denmark
Measurement Setup s: Period Wedge Distance April May 2009 15 o ~1.24Ø July August 2009 30 o ~0.58Ø Animation Horizontal Wind Speed.avi Wind speed values per rotation (each frame contains 10 consecutive scanning circles) 25, Technical University of Denmark
CW Lidar: ZephIR (50 Hz) Tjæreborg SPINNER-EX 2009 Spinner mounted lidar Wind Turbine: NM80 (NegMicon/Vestas) 26, Technical University of Denmark
Tjæreborg: ZephIR Spinner-Ex. : 27, Technical University of Denmark
MVI_3006.AVI 28, Technical University of Denmark
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Time series (10 s) of approaching wind conditions measured +100 m upwind: Ex.: Inhomogeneous wind field 30, Technical University of Denmark
Radial wind speeds Upwind @ 1.24 Ø (+ 100 m): during a 10-min sampling period The loci of the focussed lidar beam 31, Technical University of Denmark
Results Correlation between lidar and mast Study of the approaching wind field 32, Technical University of Denmark
Scanning in 2-D: Risley prism Dual-prism single-axis beam steering: 33, Technical University of Denmark
2D LIDAR UpWind Scan patterns: Scan Patterns for principle 1, different possibilities Scan pattern series 2, n= 6 and Scan pattern series 8, n=6 34, Technical University of Denmark
Scope for further wind LIDAR integration: Rotor Plane Upwind Blade integrated lidar Spinner integrated lidar 35, Technical University of Denmark
Lidar-based Remote Sensing: Offshore Wind Speed Profiles: Why Remote Sensing? Wind Turbines are becoming BIG! Tall ( > 100 meters) Meteorological Towers expensive Tall Met Towers are difficult to move 36, Technical University of Denmark 3
SODAR: SOund Detection And Ranging R.L Schwiesow, Probing the atmospheric boundary layer 37, Technical University of Denmark 3
Monostatic SODAR 38, Technical University of Denmark 3 Lidar and sodar Introduction
Phased Array 39, Technical University of Denmark 3
Test of SODAR S Heimdall Aeronvironment 40, Technical University of Denmark 4
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N o n - f i l t e r e d d a t a ( p o i n t s r e c o v e r e d 9 5 4 9 o u t o f 1 2 5 3 2 ), s e c t o r : 0-3 6 0 2 5 y = 1. 0 0 3 5 x - 0. 0 7 9 2 0 sodar 130m, wsp (m/s) s 1 5 1 0 5 0 0 5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 t o w e r 1 2 5 m, w s p ( m / s ) 8<SNR<35 (no. of points 4210), sector: 0-360 18 16 y = 1.0331x - 0.3219 14 sod dar 130m, wsp (m/s) 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0-2 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 tower 125m, wsp (m/s) 42, Technical University of Denmark 4
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Ground-based RS Wind Sensors @ Høvsøre 2004-2009: SODARS CW LIDARS Pulsed LIDARS 44, Technical University of Denmark 4
Sodar data is inherently noisier than lidar data sodar lidar AQS500 Spd 75m vs Cup 80m y = 1.0237x + 0.0055 R 2 = 0.989 y = 0.9922x R 2 = 0.9962 Windcube vs Cup at 80m y = 0.9969x - 0.0447 R 2 = 0.9962 25 25 20 20 AQS5 500 75m 15 10 Lidar sp peed [m/s] 15 10 5 5 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 Cup 80m Cup speed 80m [m/s], Technical University of Denmark
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Horns Rev wind farm 47, Technical University of Denmark 4
Horns Rev-I Wind Farm 48, Technical University of Denmark 4
Meteorological masts and transformer platform Cup anemometers and vanes at different levels on all masts (15~70m) Courtesy: Dong Energy LIDAR/SODAR installed at 20m on the platform Campaign period: May 2 Oct 29, 2006 49, Technical University of Denmark 4 Courtesy: Dong Energy
Horns Rev 2006 ZephIR Lidar and an AQ-SODAR side-by- side : 12 Mega Watt.RS Off Shore 50, Technical University of Denmark 5
Correlations between LIDAR and M2/M6 for free sectors 51, Technical University of Denmark 5
Wind profile extension with LIDAR data at M2/M6 52, Technical University of Denmark 5
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Wind Shear as function of Temperature difference: T air - SST Courtecy: Leo Jensen, Dong Energy Doc. 56 Risø info DTU, 271939 Technical University of Denmark 56
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Tall Wind Profiles: Lidar WLS70 50m-1.5 km Lidar vs. Høvsøre Met-mast @ 100 m: 64, Technical University of Denmark
Wind Speeds @ Høvsøre 100m height WRF Prediction vs. Lidar Measurements 65, Technical University of Denmark
WRF vs. Lidar @ 100 m (left) @ 600 m (right) 66, Technical University of Denmark
WRF Profiles vs. Met-mast/Lidar @ 10-600m Friction velocity u * from WRF. Binned according to Atm. Stability. 67, Technical University of Denmark
Find more details at: www.risoe.dk www.windscanner.dk Acknowledgements to many colleges: Charlotte Hasager Alfredo Peña Roger Floors, Ekaterina Batchvarova Sven-Erik Eik Gryning Andrea Hahmann Mikael Sjöholm Nikolas Angelou Kasper Hansen 68, Technical University of Denmark
WindScanner 69, Technical University of Denmark
Short range: 70, Technical University of Denmark
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Long range: 72, Technical University of Denmark
Wind turbine control: 73, Technical University of Denmark
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Off shore: 76, Technical University of Denmark