Service line History: Volleyball Study Guide William Morgan, a physical education instructor, at the YMCA in Holyoke, Massachusetts, invented the game of volleyball in 1895. The Governing body for volleyball in the Bahamas is the (B.V.F.) The Bahamas Volleyball Federation. The Governing body for volleyball internationally is The Federation De International Volleyball Association. The first ball was the inflated bladder of a worn-out basketball. RULES: Game is played to 25 points girls, 25 points boys, rally point scoring, ( a point is scored on every serve, you do not have to serve to get the point). Winner must win by 2 points. (Game is tied at 25, the winner is the first team to have 2 points more than the other team, i.e. 27-25, 17-15, etc.,). There are 6 players for each team on the court. A team consists of six players, RIGHT FRONT (RF), CENTER FRONT (CF), LEFT BACK (LF), RIGHT BACK (RB), CENTER BACK (CB), and LEFT BACK (LB). LB LF 2 1 CB CF 3 6 RB RF 4 5 PLAYING AREA The volleyball court is 60 by 30 feet and a net bisects the court into two 30-footsquare playing areas. A centerline directly under the net separates on each side of the court from the other. Two more lines, called attack line (10 foot lines) run parallel with the centerline on each side of the net and are 10 feet from the centerline. COURT- 60 feet by 30 feet Net- 32 feet long by 3 feet wide; Female: 7 feet 5 inches from the floor to the top of net. Male: 8 feet from the floor to the top of net. Side line 30FT. Attack line 10FT. 30FT. End line Center line 60FT.
The game begins with a serve from one team from behind the end line in the right back corner. A service fault (foul) occurs when: the server steps on or over the end line. the ball goes into or passes under the net. the ball touches a serving team member before it clears the net. the ball lands outside the boundaries of the court. Servers are allowed 1 toss only. They must contact the ball on the toss or lose the serve. Players rotate from right to left in the back row and left to right in the front row (Clockwise). A player can serve from anywhere behind the end line, as long as they are within the sidelines extended. The server continues to serve until a fault occurs by the serving team. The serve must pass the net and not touch any structure (ceiling, lights, cables) to be legal. The same server serves until his team loses their serve. When they get the serve back, the player in the right front position rotates back to serve. Each team is allowed 3 hits to return the ball, not including a block. The optimal order of hits is bump-set-spike. The ball may be played off the net anytime. The ball may be played off the ceiling, if your team hit it there, provided it stays on your side and you have a hit left. If a team hits the ball over the net and it hits the ceiling or any structure on the way, it is out of bounds. A block is when the ball is contacted above the net, and deflects off the receiving teams arms or hands. It does not count as one of that teams 3 hits. No player is allowed to block or spike a serve (cannot contact the serve above the net). No player is allowed to touch the net at any time during play. A player is allowed to step a reasonable distance over the center line, providing he does not interfere with the players on the other side. A ball that lands on the line is considered in play. BASIC SKILLS and STRATEGIES: The overhand serve is the best offensive weapon. It is a faster and harder serve than other types of serves. When attempting this serve, the ball should be tossed two to three feet above and in front of the server s hand. Both the overhand/underhand serves require a staggered stance with the non-dominant foot forward. The underhand serve is the easiest to learn. However, the most important aspect of the serve is the placement of the ball. A serve to the back corners of the court generally causes the receiving team the greatest difficulty. When receiving a serve, coordination and quickness are the most important physical aspect.
The attack pattern of play is bump-set-spike. When spiking, the most important factor to consider is the timing of the moving ball. A two-foot take off and open hand are recommended for successful spiking. SKILLS: Forearm pass also known as the Bump or Dig (defensive hit mainly) 1. must get under the ball 2. hands must be locked together 3. elbows are locked straight 4. arms start at a 45 degree angle 5. shoulders help determine direction ball will travel Set or overhead pass 1. must have body under the ball 2. must contact the ball above your forehead 3. the ball must be contacted with the pads of your fingers, not palms 4. wrists snap outward as in a chest pass, not downward as in shooting a basketball 5. there should be little spin, little noise, and more upward movement than forward movement Serve (Underhand) 1. ball is hit off the other hand, not tossed 2. contact the ball with your fist 3. bend your shoulders forward 4. step with your foot opposite your hitting hand 5. keep the ball hand close to your body 6. keep your hitting hand elbow straight until after you contact the ball Serve (Overhand) 1. toss the ball out in front of your body 2. turn your side to the net hitting hand away 3. reach up for the ball and contact above your head 4. contact the ball with the heel of your hand 5. rotate your shoulders on contact so you finish facing the net Flat foot spike (offensive hit) 1. same as above + 2. spot the ball with your non hitting hand Shoot set (offensive hit) 1. same as a regular set except 2. ball is out in front of your body 3. contact is made at the level of your eyes 4. there is more forward motion than upward motion
Dink (tip, dunk) {offensive hit} 1. Must contact the ball above the net 2. ball must be out in front of your body 3. wrists must be bent prior to contact 4. contact is made with pads of the fingers only 5. ball is pushed slightly forward, or to the side of a blocker Spike (offensive hit) 1. ball is contacted above the net 2. the ball is out in front of the body 3. contact is made with the heel of the open hand 4. snap the wrist forcibly 5. contact with arm extended TERMINOLOGY: Ace - A serve that results directly in a point or a non-returnable serve. Antenna - Red-and-white striped pole attached to the net that extends 32 inches above the net and indicates out-of-bounds along the sideline. Assist - Passing or setting the ball to a teammate who attacks the ball for a kill. Attack Attempt - The attempt by a player to terminate a play by hitting the ball to the floor on the opponent's side. Back Set- a set made over the head and back of the setter. Back Row Attack - When a back row player takes off to jump behind the 10-foot/3-meter line and attacks the ball. Block - A successful attempt by any front row player to intercept the ball near the net that results in the termination of the rally or defensive play at the net with hands over the head. Block Assist - A successful attempt by any two or more front row players to intercept the ball near the net that results in the termination of the rally. Any person involved in the block attempt that terminates the rally receives a block assist. Block Solo - A successful attempt by any one front row player to intercept the ball near the net that results in the termination of the rally. Blocking Error - A violation that consists of touching the net, crossing the center line, blocking a set or any other violation which occurs while making a block attempt. Bump - The use of the forearm to pass or set the ball in an underhand manner. Carry or lift- is always illegal. It is called when the ball rests momentarily on one or both hands. Center Line- The boundary that runs under the net and divides the court into two equal playing areas. Court Dimensions - 60 feet from end line to end line and 30 feet wide. Cross-Court Attack - An attack that is directed diagonally from the point of attack. Double hit- is legal only when it occurs when receiving a hard serve, or a hard spike It is called when one player hits the ball unintentionally 2 times. Dig - Act of retrieving an attacked ball close to the floor and making a successful pass. Dink - A one-handed, soft hit into the opponent's court using the fingertips.
Dump - Usually performed by the setter, who delivers the ball into the opponent's court on the second contact. Extension Roll - A move to the floor which enables a player to dig the ball. Floater- a serve that is softly hit with no spin that floats or wobbles in flight. Foot Fault - The illegal act of placing a foot on or inside the end line prior to the serve. Like tennis, the server's foot must always be located behind the end line until the server serves the ball. Forearm Pass - Contacting the ball with the forearms in order to deliver the ball to the setter in an underhanded manner. Foul- an infraction of the rules. Free Ball - Returning the ball to the opponent without the intent to get a kill. Hitter - A player who attacks the ball. Hitting Percentage - A statistic derived from total kills minus total attack errors and divided by total attempts. Jump Serve - A top spin serve delivered by a player in midair. Joust - When two opposing players contact the ball simultaneously above the net causing the ball to momentarily come to rest; the point is replayed if this is called by the official. Kill - An attack that results directly in a point or side-out or a non-returnable hit by a player. Let Serve- a legal serve that touches the net as it goes over and lands in bounds. Libero- A player who wears a different color jersey and can come on and off the court for any backrow player without substituting. Linesman - Officials located at the corners of the court; each linesman is responsible for ruling if the ball is legally in play along the lines for which or she is responsible. Middle Blocker - Usually plays in the middle of the net when in the front row and moves laterally to her blocking assignments. Outside Hitter - Usually plays at the ends of the net when in the front row. Overlap - A violation called when a team lines up out of rotation on a service attempt. Pass - Receiving a serve or the first contact of the ball with the intent to control the ball to another player. Point- when a receiving team violates a rule or hits the ball out. Quick Set - An extremely low vertical set used to beat the opponent's blocks. Rally Scoring - Scoring method used in the fifth game of matches where points can be won by the serving or receiving team. Red Card - Given by the official to a player or coach for flagrant misconduct resulting in a point/side out to the opponent. Red And Yellow Card - Given by the official to a player or coach for a major violation. Also received automatically after two red cards. Results in automatic ejection and a point/side out for the opponent. Rotation - Players must retain their initial rotational order throughout the entire game, but once the ball is served they are allowed to move anywhere. Set - A pass that puts the ball in place for a hitter to attack or another name for the overhand pass. Side Out - A rally won by the team who is receiving serve, resulting in the right to serve. You cannot score a point if your team is trying to side out.
Side Out Scoring - Scoring method used in games one through four of matches where points can be won only by the serving team. Slide Attack - A low back set to the antenna that the middle hitter swings behind the setter to attack. Spike- a forcibly hit ball with one hand in an overhand motion. Substitution - Allows one player to replace another player already on the court. Ten Foot/3-Meter Line - The line extended across the court to signify the point which a back row player must leave the ground behind to attack the ball. Yellow Card - Given by the official to a player or coach as a warning of misconduct. Two yellow cards results in an automatic red card. Ready Position - The flexed, yet comfortable, posture a player assumes before moving to the point of contact.