PROTECTING THE CORE TIGER BREEDING AREAS: INTRODUCING MIST-BASED SMART PATROL SYSTEM Anak Pattanvibool, anakp@wcs.org
IMPLEMENTING AGENCY TECHNICAL SUPPORT Additional Financial support
TIGER AS LANDSCAPE SPECIES
TIGER: PROTECTION DEPENDENT SPECIES
CORE BREEDING AREA : HKK-TY (6,400) & TIGER LANDSCAPE :Tenasserim (40,000 sq.km) WESTERN FOREST COMPLEX WEFCOM HUAI KHA KHAENG & THUNG YAI WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES KEANG KRACHAN NATIONAL PARK
TYE 2007 41 trap sites 629 trap nights All 44 pictures 6 Tigers 2 females 4 males TYW 2006 36 trap sites 646 trap nights All 28 pictures 7 Tigers 5 females 2 males HKK 2008 180 trap sites 2,804 trap nights All 111 pictures 34 Tigers 14 females 10 males unknown 2tigers 2.29 inds/100 km 2
UNGULATE POACHING IS MAJOR THREAT
WHAT SHOULD BE THE BEST PRACTICE FOR PARK RANGERS?
KEY MODEL USED TO RECOVER TIGERS GOAL Conserve wildlife and its habitat in the world heritage site Conservation Objective Increase tiger density by 50% within 2016 Direct Threat Loss of prey due to poaching MONITORING MONITORING Indirect Threat Ineffective law enforcement MONITORING Intervention Systematic patrol MONITORING
POWER OF INFORMATION What is MIST? A spatial Management Information System Undergoing development since 1997 by Uganda Wildlife Authority as part of a GTZ project Subsequently implemented in protected areas in both Africa and Asia Developed as a user friendly client/server application program
SITES WITH RANGER-BASED LEM IN SOUTH EAST ASIA
2005 - present
TYPE OF DATA RECORDED Location, date & time of patrol Animal observations & signs Including data on any abnormalities (death, illness etc) Human activities Hunting, logging, fishing, NTFP collection and land clearance activities Presence of cartridges, road, settlement, camps & vehicles Law enforcement activities Warning letters and contracts issued Confiscations
MIST STRONG POINT Fast and accurate data entry GPS data download Use of look up lists and tick boxes for observations Avoid type in mistakes Automatic monthly reporting and maps Customizable site specific report formats GIS mapping interface Trends analysis User friendly, easily accessible and easy to maintain and up date No need for GIS or database expert
MIST GIS MIST GIS only a component of MIST Data Collection Data Processing (maps & reports) Other Components include: Annual Operations Planning Digital Archives Address Database Literature Database Partner Database
HKK-TY RANGERS INVOLVED: 43 Ranger Stations 43 Patrol teams >310 Park rangers Patrol Types: Foot patrol
MIST PROCESS AT SITE LEVEL Law enforcement patrol Data collection Data forms Debriefing Trouble shoot problems Clarify discrepancies Complete missing information Patrol leader Site officer Warden Patrol teams Strategy meetings MIST reports Data entry MIST User Monthly planning and evaluation Disseminate monthly National and site copies Enter Patrol Data/Print Reports Analyze Data Brief Site/Park Manager
Example of outputs produced by MIST Indices for monitoring of wildlife populations and human activities Distribution maps (Threats, Wildlife, Patrol intensity) for planning and monitoring Baseline information for patrol deployment planning Performance indicators All reporting requirements
PATROL COVERAGE 2008 IN HKK-TY
THREAT DISTRIBUTION IN 2008 IN HKK-TY Human activity Index =# All Resource Use in each grid # Patrols in each grid
DISTRIBUTION ABUNDANCE OF TIGERS 2008
DISTRIBUTION ABUNDANCE PATTERN OVER TIME 2008 2009
RANGER PERFORMANCE INDEX General information on Patrols
PICTURE TAKEN BY PATROL TEAMS PICTURES ME & SOONTORN
INDICATOR OF POACHING TREND POACHER CAMPS: Poching camp/poaching observation 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Time period No. of Poaching camp Poch ing obs. Nov06-Apr07 May-Oct 07 Nov07-Apr08 May-Oct 08 Nov08-Apr09 Poacher camp/ Poaching obs ± SD Nov06- Apr07 37 136 1.839 0.206 May- Oct 07 63 70 6.156 0.667 Nov07- Apr08 22 81 1.230 0.181 May- Oct 08 18 98 1.031 0.082 Nov08- Apr09 13 116 1.137 0.108
Number of Tigers (individuals) 10 8 6 4 NEW TIGERS EVERY YEAR SINCE 2005 10 135U 9 134M UID5 133F 144U 132M 143U 131F 142F 2007 2008 2009 130M 140F 148F 129F 139F 147F 7 UID7 UID6 9 UID8 UID4 155F 154F 153F 152M 2 128F 126M 138F 137F 146M 145M 151F 150M 125F 136U 141F 149U 0 2005-06 2007 2008 2009 Year
POSITIVE TREND OF TIGERS IN HKK 5 Density of Tiger (tigers/100 sq.km) 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 1.74 2.29 2.39 0 2007 2008 2009 Year
BEST PRACTICE FOR ALL LEVELS POLICY LEVEL GOOD GOVERNANCE AND TRANSPARENT SYSTEM MANAGEMENT LEVEL QUALITY INFORMATION - BASED DECISION MAKING SHORT AND LONG TERM PLANNING DATA SYSTEM: SYSTEMATIC AND STANDARDIZED BETTER MONITORING TOOL RANGER & GUARD LEVEL HIGH MORALE AND SELF ESTEEM (GOOD SPIRIT) TRUE CAPACITY BUILDING FOR STWARDSHIP CONCRETE PERFORMANCE MONITORING