Mohammed Naguib Street Intersection with Street Located Southern Direction of Al Sahafa District, Khartoum City, Sudan Esam Eldeen Osman Mustafa 1 and Dr. Abdallah Babikir Abdel Nabi Mustafa 2 1 College of Graduate Studies, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Sudan esssam8@gmail.com 2 Department of Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Sudan abdallahmustafa866@gmail.com Publishing Date: January 14, 2017 Abstract The problem of traffic, considered the main problems facing the countries, because of its material and moral impact. The study determined the causes of the traffic congestion, due to increasing and intensity of cars and vehicles in the streets and roads, which leads to severe crises, whether in roads network, and its capacity in absorbing the size of the daily traffic, and in the cars parking, and its engineering efficiency. After analyzing and investigating this side of this study, the study reached to several suggestions and recommendations, which may help and sustaining in finding a solutions in the main traffic intersections (crossroads) at Khartoum state, namely, the intersection of Mohammed Naguib street, with the street located southern direction of Al Sahafa District, and shed a light on it, as to find a solution. Keywords: Traffic, Mohammed Naguib Street, Alsahafa Southern Street, Island. 1. Introduction Khartoum capital of Sudan, is just like other capitals towns of the developing countries, witnessed a steady increasing in population number, and the lead to expansion in housing, especial the horizontal expansion, consequently this expansion lead to increasing of number of cars, vehicles, and public transport, and became like the other capitals of the developing countries, which formed a greater number of population, compared with the other cities, and this lead to traffic congestion, and over crowdedness, which formed a real dilemma for the citizens in general, and in particular to the traffic administration. (See the figure number 1). Figure 1: The Astronomical Site of the Study Area 2. Study Methodology The study adopted the analytical descriptive method, in addition to interview with the concerned bodies,like the traffic police man on the Mohammed Naguib intersection also the cars drivers who cross that that inter section and people near the inter section, and some relevant references. We classified the data the analytical approach for analyzing the outcome data in addition with a group of computer programs. 59
3. The Findings of the Study After the field visiting to the area of the problem, and after analyzing and investigating the traffic tracks, the study has reached to the following facts: 3.1 Mohammed Naguib Street, ended at the southern direction at the street located southern Al Sahafa district, represented by a figure (T), with an existence of traffic light at this intersection, with width of 60m. consisted of two lanes (tracks), south north at the location of the certain traffic light, with width of 14.4 m, for each track (lane), and there was a traffic circle in the middle of the street, with width of 3 m. and separate between the two tracks, tow traffic circles with a width of 1, 4 m, for each one. (See the figure number (2) 3.2 The street located southern of Al Sahafa district, in east to the west direction, the starts from the tunnel of central market at the east, up to the intersection of ammunition building at the west direction, with length of 40 m. and there was a traffic circle (island) with width of 70 cm, and separate between the two tracks with length of 20 m, in west and east the intersection, the east of intersection consisted of two tracks (lanes) west east at the location of the intersection, with width of 14 m, from the north direction, and 25.5 m, separating between them, Al safi Island, at the southern side with width of 14 m, after we bridge the width of rain drainage, with length of 1.5 m, and its distance from the residential buildings line with width of 8.5 m. (See figure No 2). 4. The Problem of the Study There was traffic congestion (Crowdedness) at this intersection, divided into direct and indirect. 4.1 Direct 1- This intersection, considered as crossing and direction of many transport, such as (Al Kalakla central market Al Salama). (See the figure number (3) 2- The drivers of the public transport, always stopping, after them crossing the traffic light. (See the figure number (3)(5) 3- The rain drainage located inside street. 4- There was engineering and designing problems. 5- The people (pedestrians), does not abide by the rule of traffic light. 6- The Columns (Poles) of the high pressure located inside the street. 7- The overflow of the sewage water, inside the street, threatened the safety of the street. (See the figure No. 4). 8- Lacking of street lighting. 4.2 Indirect 1- The intersection located near the land port (Al Gazira transport compound). 2- There is petroleum station near the inter section 3- The inter section is neighbor to the central Market of the vegetables and fruits. Figure 2: The Parts of Intersection (Crossing) of the Study Area 60 Figure 3: The Positions of Transportation
connect between Khartoum center, the Land Port and Central Market for the vegetable and fruits. 6. The Geometric Frame of the Traffic Intersection Crossroads It represented the space area, which resulting from the intersection, or the confluence of two roads (streets), or more with each other, and using to facilitate the alteration of traffic direction, with a several types, such as intersections with a same level, and intersections with two level or more, and other is mixture of two types. Figure 4: The Design Problems in the Intersection Figure 5: Parking in the Road Transport 5. The Significance of the Study and Selection of the Area Study (The ended of Mohammed Naguib Street at the southern direction at the street located southern Alsahafa district) considered as entrance branched into three directions in the part of North towards Al Khartoum centre. In the West towards land port and in the east towards central market Khartoum. The objective of this study is to find a solution to traffic jam at the inter section of Mohammed Naguib street at the street located southern Alsahafa district which 7. The Geometric Design of Roads (Streets) It identified as the process of finding geometry (dimensions) for every road, street, and organizing the visuals/visible elements of these roads, such as (tracks lanes the distance of visibility, widths, its declining or sloping... etc.. First of all we should categorizing these roads, as it s a main or branched, locally roads, in order to determine and limiting the designing speed, and the ruling sloping, after we balanced some elements/factors, such as the important of the road, size estimation, the characterizes of traffic, the terrain and the funds available. The design speed and ruling sloping, which in turn represented a basic rule, for demarcation the lower boarder, for every vertical and horizontal designing for roads. After that the designer, may with trial and error, could tame, and finalize this boarders, in order to reach to horizontal intersect, and longitudinal sector of the road. Then coming the stage of details of geometry dimensions of intersections (crossroads) of one level, or multilevel, service road, and other of relevant aspects. Finally, it is necessary to demarcate and determine lines, traffic signals (if any) and other of traffic controlling regulations. We can access to a road didn`t cause any traffic accidents, with a mainstreaming traffic, and make all the elements and factors of the road cop with the drivers` expectation, in shunning the sudden changing in design specifications. These major standard designs of urban roads, it is for helping the engineer designer, and Eng. Who checking this process, as to determine and ensure the compatibility 61
of geometrical designing of roads with it has all requested the requirements? First, the functional category, and group designing of urban roads, the specifications and determinants of design. The horizontal design exposes the horizontal design of roads, including super elevation and widening, and transient curves. The following phase is aimed the vertical planning of roads, and vertical curves, then came the last phase which represented the design of cross-section, and determining the width of tarmac, shoulders and sidewalks, the middle (Island), and designing of traffic circle, and structural design of the road. conditions, in many roads and streets as to make sure of its safety and efficiency, namely the intersections, and taking the necessary action (if any), to the violators. And developing and upgrading the using engineering tools and equipment s in organizing traffic, which ensure its safety and efficiency in any emerging circumstances. 4- To provide roads and street with a secret cameras, for controlling and monitoring the roads, and make sure that drivers abide by safety and traffic regulations, and to register any violation of them. 8. Information Analyzing After studying and analyzing the all data and information of study problem, we have reached to the following solution: 8.1 Short Term Solution 1- To close the middle (island) of the Madani street, in east and west direction, and expanded with 100 m, from the certain intersection in the two directions. (See Figure No. 6). 2- To obligate the cars, vehicle`s drivers by stopping at a distance not less than 20 m, after crossing traffic signal. 3- Spreading traffic awareness, for citizen, by directed him to cross the opposite direction of traffic light, as to shun traffic accidents, and disrupting the traffic. 4- To close some entrance or exits, or the point of rotating direction of the middle (islands), that it is so near from each other, and lead to the impediment of traffic.(see the figure number 5- Find a solution to the problem of transport at the side of the road.(see the figure number (7) 6- To eliminate the commercial sites, which located inside the roads? Figure 6: A Proposed Horizontal Projection 8.2 The Long Term Solution 1- To transfer the Petrol station to other convenient location. 2- Reconstructing the drainage of rain from the concrete cements, in order to expand the street / road. 3- The concerned authorities should make a periodical and continuous inspection, for traffic Figure 7: The Proposed Parts 62
9. Recommendation After the study and analysis for all problems in the study area we find the flowing solutions: [7] Road Geometry (translated of English 3rd edition), Kelarkesen H. Ogalssy. 1- Confirm the seriousness and firmness, in application the rule of traffic law, without any discrimination. 2- To support the programs of traffic awareness, through the different updated means of media. 3- Sustaining and upgrading the traffic patrols, by increasing its presence, as to realize an efficient mentoring for the behaviors of drivers and street users, and to control any cases of violation, and taking the necessary action towards them. 10. Conclusion This study is concluded by offering a set of solutions that can contribute significantly to solve traffic problems at the level of Khartoum state and the problems resulting from intersections in particular which leads to saving time, money and effort References [1] The general administration of traffic, Khartoum state, Bureau of information, Oct. 2016. [2] Dr. Abdullah Babikir, et al, The solution of traffic jam, and intersection of tunnel with Al Tabiay Street applied study, the magazine of Engineering faculty, El Neelain University, March, 2015. [3] The guide of roads design book of roads designing (Ministry of transportation Kuwit 2014. [4] The planning of urban transport. Mahmoud Humidan Gaded, Sept. 2009 [5] The guide of designing the sidewalk, (island), roads and street. Ministry of municipality and rural affairs, KSA. 2005 [6] Dr. Abd Hamid Abdul Wahid Introduction in planning of urban transportation Qatar University, 1987. 63