بسم اهلل الرمحن الرحيم As-Sarf (Morphology) ~ Class Five احلمد هلل رب العاملني وصلى اهلل وسلم وبارك على نبينا حممد وعلى آله وصحبه أمجعني, أما بعد Our teacher began with praising Allaah and sending salaat and salaam on the Messenger of Allaah, his family, companions and followers until the Last Day and began: REVIEW When there is an extra letter over three in the word weighed, then it has to be one of three types: 1. An extra letter according to the scale, but NOT to the word weighed. 2. An Extra letter which is due to doubling an original letter in the word weighed. NEW MATERIAL 3. An Extra letter which is not of the first two Basically this is an extra letter according to both the scale and the word weighed. This type of extra letters is one of ten letters: س أ ل ت م و ن ي ه- ا Meaning, that which isn t an original letter according to the scale neither the word weighed nor due to doubling it in the word weighed. These letters are not propositions, الح ر وف but letters which are used to build a word. Like ي من, ع ل ى, ب, ي ف, س, س وف etc, and this we won t get in Sarf, but in Grammer. In this case we copy then paste the extra letter in the scale. Establishing The Principles Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy As-Sarf 1
Examples: Example of The Hamzah أ as an extra letter: أ سم ع into س ي مع Turning Before we turned س ي مع into meem. by doubling the,س م ع Weighing the word: If we want to weigh correctly, we start with the original letters. The first original letter 1 st : We bring the first original letter, which is the and silence, ف and place it over the س ف weighed it just as the word 2 nd : We bring the second original letter, which is the م and place it over the ع and give it a ع weighed fathah just as the word 3 rd : We bring the third original letter, which is the ع and place it over the ل and give it a ل weighed fathah just as the word 4 th : We bring the extra letter, which is the أ, and bring it down as it is (copy paste it from the word weighed to the scale.) Establishing The Principles Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy As-Sarf 2
The hamzah here is additional and there is no letter representing it in the scale. Is this letter an original letter in the word weighed? No, it isn t So it is not of the first type. Is it due to doubling an original letter? No, it isn t So it is not of the second type. This means that it is of the third type (An extra letter according to both the scale and the word weighed.) He made someone hear, Just As اهلل سبحانه وتعاىل said: :أ مس ع ل ت و ل وا و ه م م ع يرض ون أ مس ع ه م و ل و ل مس ع ه م و ل و ع ل ي م الل ه ف ي ييه م خ ي ر ا Had Allah known of any good in them, He would indeed have made them listen, and even ifhe had made them listen, they would but have turned away, averse (to the truth). [8:23] A beautiful benefit in this verse: They do have the hearing sense, but here it goes about thehearing which He would indeed have made them benefit from what they hear. For example: There are different types of people who attend the class. There are some who attend and hear to benefit, but some who hear not to benefit. This is why the etiquettes of seeking knowledge is important. The people of knowledge say: How much benefit you get from your teacher, depends upon how much you trust his knowledge. Example of The Alif, Seen and Taa as extra letters: : He went out خ ر ج Establishing The Principles Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy As-Sarf 3
is on the scale of خ ر ج ف ع ل Turning ا ي س ت خ ر ج into خ ر ج How many letters do we have over the three original letters? Three What are they? The Alif, The Seen and the Taa Are these extra letters of the first type? No Of the second type? No, They are of the third type. Because it is of the third type we bring the extra letters from the word weighed as it is in the scale (copy paste). is on the scale of ا ي س ت خ ر ج ا ي س ت فع ل means: He took out ا ي س ت خ ر ج Establishing The Principles Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy As-Sarf 4
They added the letters است to expresses seeking or asking. It is mostly used for that meaning. Whether that seeking is literal or metaphorical. is from ا ي ست غف ر, which means: He forgave, so غ ف ر means: He asked for ا ي ست غف ر forgiveness. (ع ون) : He asked/sought for aid/help ا ي ست ع ان (غ وث) : He sought releave from hardship ا ي ست غ اث (س قي ا) : He asked for rain/water ا ي ست سق ى The point now is to just give you some examples, and each form will be discussed in its own. Example of The Yaa as an extra letter: س ي ميع into س ي مع Turning The ي is an extra letter. Because this yaa is of the third type, we bring the extra letter from the word weighed as it is in the scale (copy paste). س ي ميع : The All hearer (One of the Names of Allaah) ف ع ي يل is on the scale of س ي ميع Establishing The Principles Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy As-Sarf 5
In similar forms we have: ب ي صري, ق ي دير, ع ل ييم, ر ي حيم, م بيني, this yaa keeps coming in the same place (between the ayn and the laam). Example of The Meem and the Waaw as extra letters: م سم وع into س ي مع Turning The first م and the و are extra letters. Because the meem and waaw are of the third type, we bring the extra letter from the word weighed as it is in the scale (copy paste). م سم وع : What is heard م فع ول is on the scale of م سم وع This pattern (scale), is the receiver (the thing which is done to) Some other examples: : What is created م خل وق : What is gathered م جم وع : What is understood م فه وم Establishing The Principles Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy As-Sarf 6
: What is cut م قط وع : What is extended م مد ود : What is prohibited م من وع Does this not proof to you that Sarf comes before Nahw (Grammer)? ~~~ END OF CLASS ~~~ Notes transcribed by: Umm Sufyaan Al Maghribiyyah Establishing The Principles Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy As-Sarf 7