METHODS FINDINGS Q & A

METHODS FINDINGS Q & A

METHODS

RESPONDENTS 9,586 Afghans 8,912 in secure and semi-secure areas 674 intercept interviews Gender balanced 34 provinces 81% rural, 18% urban 75,000+ AFGHANS INTERVIEWED SINCE 2004

Interviewers are local Local parters Findings used by Afghan government 6

MONITORING

KEY FINDINGS

NATIONAL MOOD RIGHT DIRECTION WRONG DIRECTION 44 21 42 24 38 32 42 29 47 46 27 35 52 31 57 38 55 40 57 37 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

REASONS: RIGHT DIRECTION 36 2014 2015 32 33 29 15 10 10 10 10 6 9 8 9 7 RECONSTRUCTION / REBUILDING GOOD SECURITY IMPROVEMENT IN HAVING ACTIVE ANA EDUCATION SYSTEM AND ANP GOOD GOVERNMENT ECONOMIC REVIVAL DEMOCRACY / ELECTIONS

REASONS: WRONG DIRECTION 45 2014 2015 38 23 25 15 13 12 10 11 5 10 5 INSECURITY UNEMPLOYMENT CORRUPTION BAD ECONOMY BAD GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATIVE CORRUPTION

BIGGEST PROBLEMS FACING AFGHANISTAN 43 2014 2015 34 28 24 26 22 11 13 8 6 7 6 7 6 SECURITY ISSUES / ATTACKS /VIOLENCE CORRUPTION UNEMPLOYMENT POOR ECONOMY EDUCATION / SCHOOLS / LITERACY PRESENCE OF TALIBAN POVERTY

BIGGEST PROBLEMS FACING YOUR LOCAL AREA 33 31 2014 2015 14 22 23 20 18 18 17 17 12 11 11 10 UNEMPLOYMENT SECURITY ISSUES / ATTACKS / VIOLENCE ELECTRICITY ROADS WATER EDUCATION / SCHOOLS / LITERACY HEALTH CARE / CLINICS / HOSPITALS

BIGGEST PROBLEMS FACING YOUTH 70 76 Rural Urban 28 23 16 16 22 13 15 12 10 11 UNEMPLOYMENT ILLITERACY POOR ECONOMY NO HIGHER EDUCATION OPPORTUNITIES FOR YOUTH BECOMING DRUG ADDICTS INSECURITY

SECURITY

FEAR FOR PERSONAL SAFETY 49 48 51 54 56 48 59 65 67 40 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

WHO IS MOST RESPONSIBLE FOR SECURITY IN YOUR VILLAGE? 47% 26% 21% 2% FOREIGN ARMIES 2% ANA ALP ANP AOGs

ANSF HELPS IMPROVE SECURITY (% AGREE) ANA ANP 90 86 86 87 86 88 87 91 89 86 86 89 84 81 82 82 81 77 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 18

NEED FOREIGN SUPPORT TO OPERATE (% AGREE) 2013 2014 2015 77 78 83 74 73 80 67 70 ANA ANP ALP

PERCEPTION OF DAESH (ISIS) 84 HAVE HEARD OF ISIS SAY ISIS IS THREAT TO DISTRICT 80 79 72 63 71 66 55 40 47 48 40 34 36 44 27 CENTRAL / KABUL EAST SOUTH EAST SOUTH WEST WEST NORTH EAST HAZARAJAT NORTH WEST

REPORTED SYMPATHY FOR ARMED OPPOSITION GROUPS (% SAYING A LOT ) 22 14 11 10 9 7 6 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

REASONS ARMED OPPOSITION GROUPS FIGHT THE GOVERNMENT PRESENCE OF FOREIGN FORCES TO GAIN POWER 21 22 21 20 18 16 16 16 19 15 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

WOMEN IN SOCIETY

BIGGEST PROBLEMS FACING WOMEN 40 2014 2015 34 27 22 20 18 11 16 13 14 EDUCATION / ILLITERACY UNEMPLOYMENT/LACK OF JOBS DOMESTIC VIOLENCE LACK OF RIGHTS / WOMEN'S RIGHTS FORCED MARRIAGES/ DOWRY * Multiple response

LEADERSHIP POSITIONS: SHOULD WOMEN HAVE ACCESS? Strongly and Somewhat Agree 74 Strongly and Somewhat Disagree 58 58 56 40 41 43 52 46 25 Member of a Community Development Council Minister or Cabinet Member Governor of a Province CEO of a Large Company Running for President of Afghanistan

ACCEPTABLE WORKPLACES FOR WOMEN (% AGREE) 81 84 2014 2015 70 71 44 41 42 41 HOSPITALS/ CLINICS GOV'T OFFICES NGOs ARMY/ POLICE

ACCEPTABLE WORKPLACES FOR WOMEN (% AGREE) 86 FEMALE-ONLY CO-ED 67 48 35 SCHOOLS COMPANY 27

SUPPORT FOR WOMEN S ACCESS TO EDUCATION 94 Strongly and Somewhat Agree 85 83 Strongly and Somewhat Disagree 74 63 48 51 36 6 15 17 26 Islamic madrasa education Primary school High school University in your province Studying in another province Studying abroad on scholarship

WOMEN CONTRIBUTE TO HOUSEHOLD INCOME 22 23 14 16 17 15 17 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

GOVERNANCE

GOVERNMENT PERFORMANCE (% SAYING GOOD JOB) 80 79 58 67 58 57 53 47 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 NATIONAL GOVERNMENT MUNICIPAL AUTHORITY PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT DISTRICT GOVERNMENT

CORRUPTION: MAJOR PROBLEM IN DAILY LIFE 62 61 42 47 51 53 55 56 56 54 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

CORRUPTION RATE 2014 (%) 2015 (%) CHANGE SINCE 2006 (%) MUNICIPALITY / DISTRICT GOV OFFICE 55 66 +20 JUDICIARY / COURTS 55 63 +8 PROVINCIAL GOVERNOR S OFFICE 50 61 n/a CUSTOMS OFFICE 47 61 +21 WHEN APPLYING FOR A JOB 52 59 0% STATE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY 47 55 +11 ANP 45 53 0% PUBLIC HEALTHCARE SERVICE 49 53 +3 ANA 33 43 +19 ADMISSIONS TO SCHOOLS / UNIVERSITY 39 43 +10

SATISFACTION WITH DEMOCRACY 77 73 68 68 69 71 73 57 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2014 2015

JUSTICE PROVIDERS 60 80 STATE COURTS SHURAS/JIRGAS 67 68 68 48 49 42 FAIR AND TRUSTED FOLLOW LOCAL NORMS DELIVER JUSTICE ARE EFFICIENT

ECONOMIC GROWTH & EMPLOYMENT

BIGGEST PROBLEMS FACING LOCAL AREA 31 22 20 18 17 11

BIGGEST PROBLEMS FACING YOUTH 71 26 16 15 14 10 UNEMPLOYMENT ILLITERACY POOR ECONOMY NO HIGHER EDUCATION OPPORTUNITIES FOR YOUTH DRUG ADDICTION INSECURITY

PERCEPTION OF HOUSEHOLD FINANCIAL SITUATION 2012 BETTER THE SAME WORSE 2015 BETTER THE SAME WORSE 7 30 21 43 50 49

IF GIVEN AN OPPORTUNITY, WOULD YOU LEAVE THE COUNTRY? YES 38 40 34 2011 2012 2015

SERVICES

AWARENESS OF PROJECTS IN LOCAL AREA 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 RECONSTRUCTION WATER FOR IRRIGATION PROGRAMS IN AGRICULTURE BUILDING NEW MOSQUES DRINKING WATER HEALTHCARE PROGRAMS IN INDUSTRY

BIGGEST FUNDERS OF LOCAL PROJECTS 2013 2014 2015 UNITED STATES 40% 28% 23% AFGHAN GOVERNMENT 11% 25% 25% PEOPLE THEMSELVES 0% 8% 11%

ACCESS TO INFORMATION

TV OWNERSHIP 52 58 62 37 38 41 41 42 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2014 2015

SOURCES OF NEWS & INFORMATION 78 77 76 2013 2014 2015 55 58 62 57 48 50 47 48 36 37 3 6 10 Radio TV set Mobile phone The internet Mosque Community shuras

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Where do these findings leave us? What is the significance of these findings in terms of policy? http://asiafoundation.org/afghansurvey/ at are the major issues are facing women through the transition? These findings are consistent with what we find in the field

IMPLICATIONS

LOCAL CHALLENGES Biggest local problem is unemployment Biggest problem facing urban and rural youth is unemployment Local ethnic/tribal identities, patronage networks, and competition for power, influence, and resources

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NATIONAL CHALLENGES Brain drain: migration of skilled, educated men and families Informal justice providers (shuras, jirgas, maliks, khans, elders) are perceived as more trustworthy and efficient than state courts Linking rural producers with urban markets Political barriers, corruption and capacity deficits in providing efficient service delivery (decreased confidence in government institutions)

IF GIVEN AN OPPORTUNITY, WOULD YOU LEAVE THE COUNTRY? Afghans who say they would leave Afghanistan, on average, are: Afghans who say they would NOT leave Afghanistan, on average, are: Men Educated Younger Urban Single Have heard of ISIS Say the ANSF need foreign support to operate Women Less educated Older Rural Married Have not heard of ISIS Less likely to say the ANSF need outside support

LAND DISPUTE RESOLUTION 2013 2014 2015 60 62 62 38 35 34 FORMAL NON-FORMAL

OPPORTUNITIES Unifying forces exist (national sports, multilateral economic and political cooperation, peace processes) Most Afghans prioritize their national identity (57%) over their religious (22%) or ethnic (21%) identities 57

OPPORTUNITIES Some infrastructure remains underused (storage facilities) In urban areas, many skilled workers have been trained in management, logistics, and professional/technical fields since 2002 58

OPPORTUNITIES Demographics: Over half of population is <18 28% decrease in sympathy for violent antigovernment opposition groups since 2006 59

Thank you! THANK YOU! 60

CONFIDENCE ( SOME OR A LOT ) 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 CHANGE INDEPENDENT ELECTION COMMISSION (IEC) - 57 67 54 59 60-66 36 CABINET MINISTERS 57 51 53 54 56 55 46 47 42 NGOs (INTERNATIONAL) 64 64 66 54 56 53 51 53 44 MEDIA 62 63 62 57 69 71 67 73 67 NGOs (AFGHAN) 60 62 61 55 54 54 52 57 50 PARLIAMENT - - - 59 62 62 50 51 42 PROVINCIAL COUNCILS 70 65 62 62 67 66 58 58 57 RELIGIOUS LEADERS - - - - 74 73 65 70 64