Evolution and Adjustments for the New Rules in Wrestling

International Journal of Wrestling Science ISSN: 6-5667 (Print) 6-354 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/uijw Evolution and Adjustments for the New Rules in Wrestling Harold Tünnemann To cite this article: Harold Tünnemann (3) Evolution and Adjustments for the New Rules in Wrestling, International Journal of Wrestling Science, 3:, 94-4, DOI:.8/65667.3.87899 To link to this article: https://doi.org/.8/65667.3.87899 Published online: 5 Oct 4. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 4 View related articles Citing articles: 3 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalinformation?journalcode=uijw

EVOLUTION AND ADJUSTMENTS FOR THE NEW RULES IN WRESTLING Prof. Dr. Harold Tünnemann ABSTRACT Competition rules and their changes have a significant impact on training and competition strategies. Urgently necessary rule changes has been made by FILA with other changes during international competitions in May 3. As a result of the application of the new rules can be stated that the introduction of the new rules werecrowned principle of success: The new rules lead in all three disciplines in a significant increase in victories with technical superiority (ST, SP) at the expense of point victories. You caused an improvement of the performance index and the effectiveness of attack, which is reflected in the increase in activity and an enormous improvement in the attack oriented combat behavior. The number of realized technical points per bout increased in all three disciplines of the rule changes. The formal appreciation of -point ratings lead to a reduction of the -point ratings but not to increase the 3 - and 5 - point votes values or to an increase of the pins what cannot be seen as an increase of attractiveness. This is also the occasion for further reflection and for an extensive evaluation of the Senior World Championships in Budapest. INTRODUCTION The complex influence of competition rules to the individual technical and tactical competition behavior is obvious and therefore also constantly the subject of discussions and debates. Rule changes have been the subject of several studies in the past. In 994 the impact of rule changes on the training and competition design of the seventies, eighties and nineties were shown in a scientific paper. Rule changes and their influence on the competition strategy were also studied in the annual Coaches Clinics of FILA. After significant losses of the attractiveness particularly in Greco- Roman wrestling FILA made 5 ultimate rule changes. This first by focusing on lift techniques led to spectacular actions and overall to a significant increase in attractiveness of the bouts (fig.,). World top performance 976-5,5 WQ (Pts./min) Winner in Greco - Roman World Championships and Olympic Games,5,5 change rules change rules change rules change rules change rules 976 978 98 98 984 986 988 99 99 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 3 4 5 GR,9,9,8,9,6,5,,,5,4,6,5,,,,,,9,9,9,4 GR Figure Development of world top performance in Greco - Roman wrestling 94 Official Journal of the International Network of Wrestling Researchers (INWR)

Technical structure/attack efficacy WC 5 and OG 4 GR ( winner),4 WQ [Pts./min],,8,6,4, take downs throws gut wrench turn over lifts counter WC 5,5,9,3,6,7, OG 4,4,,6,5,, Figure Technical structure of the OG 4 and the WC 5 In we were again on the bad technical level as 4 before the rule changes. World top performance 976 - Winner in Greco - Roman World Championships and Olympic Games,5 WQ (Pts./min),5,5 change rules change rules change rules change rules change rules 976 978 98 98 984 986 988 99 99 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 GR,9,9,8,9,6,5,,,5,4,6,5,,,,,,9,9,9,4,7,7,6,,9 Figure 3 Development of the points per minute made by the winner since 976 GR In Moscow we have had not only less technical points but the attractive lift techniques had disappeared completely in. International Journal of Wrestling Science 3; Vol 3 Issue 95

Technical structure/attack efficacy WC GR ( winner),8 WQ [Pts./min],6,4, total 55 kg 6 kg 66 kg 74 kg 84 kg 96 kg kg take downs,4,5,3,7,8,,7 throws,5,7,,5,44 gut wrench,3,4,3,38,3,3,7 turn over,,9,8,5 lifts counter,,4,4,, out,,5,9,,,6 Warning,6,8,4,5 Figure 4 Technical structure of the winner WC After, the image of the Greco-Roman wrestling had deteriorated dramatically. The adjustment process of coaches and athletes led to victory oriented defensive strategies with the guidance of defensive action in the parterre position. The negative peak in terms of attractiveness wrestling we have then seen at the Olympic Games in London in, when we have had Olympic champions with an average of less than one technical point per minute and this ensured the win with defense actions. World top performance 976 - Winner in Greco - Roman WQ (Pts./min),5,5 change rules change rules O G 76 O G 8 O G 84 O G 88 O G 9 O G 96 O G O G 4 O G 8 O G GR,9,8,6,,5,,,9,6,8 GR FILA Competence Centre Figure 5 Development of the points per minute made by the winner since 976 (Olympic Games) 96 Official Journal of the International Network of Wrestling Researchers (INWR)

The Figure 6 shows that the negative development of the Greco -Roman wrestling in the freestyle disciplines (men and women) were not as evident. World top performance - Winner in Freestyle Women, Men and Greco-Roman World Championships and Olympic Games,5 WQ (Pts./min),5,5 change rules WC WC WC 3 OG 4 WC 5 WC 6 WC 7 OG 8 WC 9 WC WC OG LF,5,,5,4,7,9,6,7,4,7,6, GR,,9,9,9,4,7,7,6,,9,7,8 FS,,,,4,3,,,,, LF GR FS Figure 6 Development of the three wrestling disciplines since Given this situation, in 3 extensive rule changes were made in May, accompanied in the aftermath of other adjustments and suggestions for improvement ( Sjdziedzic, Cicioglu and others). Competition rules with the complex effect on competition and training strategies require more extensive and in-depth analysis in order to generate long-term positive effects. Scale assessing the effectiveness of the new rules is the objective to make the bouts with attractive technical- tactical actions dynamically. It is necessary to enforce a combat attack - oriented behavior and simplify the rules for a better understanding for the spectators. It is also necessary to prepare the using of new media (apps, tablets and mobile phones) to present specially for the young generation wrestling heroes with attractive and spectacular techniques. Taking into account this objective, the rule changes show positive aspects and other approaches to the development of rules for the next competition season. In terms of realized technical points per bout, the analysis results certainly support the assessments of Alexander Karelin in Kazan 3(FILA WEB site). After his opinion there were many bouts with technical superiority, and the duels were conducted with high dynamic range. In fact, there have been numerous spectacular bouts as video examples of the Asian Junior Championships in Phuket, the Universiade in Kazan and the Junior World Championships in Sofia 3 show (5 clips).at the Asian Junior Championships scored the wrestlers from KAZ and IRI together 9 technical points (3:6 ). And in Kazan the Russian wrestler 6 kg showed the spectacular Yordanov techniques of the eighties. Sensational were the performances of the junior world champions of 3. The Turkish wrestler 55 kg GR required for his four fights only 4 minutes and he realized 4 pts. The Iranian wrestler 55 kg FS realized 4 pts in four bouts in a total time of 7 minutes. Other findings bring detailed statistical analyzes. We have compared for this purpose the first competitions of Phuket, Kazan and Sofia, which were carried out under the new rules with the Junior World Championships in. We are aware of the fact that it is possible to compare these competitions due to their differences in performance is limited. Therefore, a comprehensive comparative analysis of the World Championships 3 in Budapest with the World Championships is necessary. International Journal of Wrestling Science 3; Vol 3 Issue 97

The competitions with the new rules were examined after three focal points: Bout results Bout time and Technical points A first look at the statistics shows in principle a success of the new rules (Fig. 7, 8, 9). Quality of bout results comparison JWC (old rules) and Phuket, Kazan and JWC 3 (new rules) GR % bouts 8% 5 5 3 39 6% 4% 4 3 6 78 6 7 VT ST SP PP/PO % 33 66 98 % JW C Phuket 3 Kazan 3 JW C 3 Figure 7 Bout results in Greco-Roman Wrestling Quality of bout results comparison JWC (old rules) and Phuket, Kazan and JWC 3 (new rules) FS % bouts 8% 6% 4% 9 9 8 58 9 5 78 3 7 99 5 VT ST SP PP/PO % 3 69 67 % JW C Phuket 3 Kazan 3 JW C 3 98 Official Journal of the International Network of Wrestling Researchers (INWR)

Figure 8 Bout results in Freestyle Wrestling Men Quality of bout results comparison JWC (old rules) and Phuket, Kazan and JWC 3 (new rules) FW % bouts 3 57 5 9 8% 39 6 6% 7 45 7 4% 6 5 % 56 3 % JW C Phuket 3 Kazan 3 JW C 3 VT ST SP PP/PO Figure 9 Bout results in Freestyle Wrestling Women The new rules lead in all three disciplines to a significant increase of victories with technical superiority (ST, SP) at the expense of point victories. In Greco- Roman wrestling, a rise in the number of pins is visible. In both men disciplines the new rules lead to a slight shortening of bout times. The women's wrestling is hardly distinguished from changes in this respect (fig. ). Summary time per bout comparison JWC (old rules) and Phuket, Kazan and JWC 3 (new rules) 6 min 5 4 3 G R FS FW time/bt JWC 4,5 4 3,6 time/bt Phuket 5,,9 3,9 time/bt Kazan 4 4 3,5 time/bt JWC 3 4 3,7 3,9 Figure Average time per bout in all three styles A very important criterion for assessing the performance and the quality of wrestling are the performance index and the quotient of effect (realized number of points per minute) as a measure of the attack strategy.these International Journal of Wrestling Science 3; Vol 3 Issue 99

factors we have put together since 976, and we never find such positive values so far ( fig. ). 4 P ts./min Wrestling performance Winner comparison JWC and 3 GR FS FW 3 WQ neg. WQ index JWC JWC 3 JWC JWC 3 JWC JWC 3 WQ, 3,,9,64,4,75 neg. WQ,3,35,3,5,4,43 index,97,75,78,,6,3 Figure Wrestling performance JWC and JWC 3 Particularly positive changes in the comparison between the Junior World Championships in and 3 are in the Greco-Roman wrestling (WQ =. and WQ 3 = 3. points per minute)!!! Same time, this is a reference to an enormous improvement in the activity increase and attack oriented wrestling strategy. The values in the women's wrestling are slightly negative in this regard. Technical points per bout comparison JWC (old rules) and Phuket, Kazan and JWC 3 (new rules) pts. 8 6 4 G R FS FW pts/bt JWC 5,9 8 7,5 pts/bt Phuket 8, 8,7 8,7 pts/bt Kazan 7 9, 8,3 pts/bt JWC 3 7,7 9,5 8,5 Figure Technical points per bout in all three styles We can see the same positive sign if we are taking into account the technical points per bout. In all three styles we have an increase of the technical points per bouts after the new rules especially in Greco-Roman wrestling. Official Journal of the International Network of Wrestling Researchers (INWR)

An interesting development trend in connection with the rule changes is reflected in the analysis of the quality of technical points (Fig. 3, 4, 5). The evaluation of the all technical points from all occupied bouts shows the decline in -point votes in favor of the increase of -point ratings, due to the formal upgrading of -point techniques with points.given the fact that the rule changes have to lead to any increase in the attractive 3 - point and 5-point techniques (a very significant increase in the attractiveness of wrestling) gives rise to further considerations to rule changes by the senior world championships. Quality of Points (all bouts) comparison JWC (old rules) and Phuket, Kazan and JWC 3 (new rules) GR % Pts. 9 5 6 4 95 3 95 74 8% 56 6% 4% 663 88 6 454 5 Pts. 3 Pts. Pts. Pt. % 439 33 4 % JW C Phuket 3 Kazan 3 JW C 3 bts: 57 pts.: 55 bts:99 pts. 8 bts: 67 pts.: 7 bts: 4 pts.: 85 t/bt: 4,5 min pts./bt: 5,9 t/bt: 5, min pts./bt: 8, t/bt: 4, min pts./bt: 7, t/bt: 4, min pts./bt: 7,7 Figure 3 Quality of points in Greco-Roman wrestling Quality of Points (all bouts) comparison JWC (old rules) and Phuket, Kazan and JWC 3 (new rules) FS % Pts. 3 4 6 8 8 8% 339 6% 4% 957 373 635 78 5 Pts. 3 Pts. Pts. Pt. % 53 9 36 % JW C Phuket 3 Kazan 3 JW C 3 bts: 47 pts.:977 bts:3 pts.:47 bts:8 pts.:655 bts:43 pts.:36 pts./bt: 8, t/bt: 4, min pts./bt:: 8,7 t/bt:,9 min pts./bt: 9, t/bt: 4, min pts./bt: 9,5 t/bt: 3,7 min Figure 4 Quality of points in Freestyle wrestling Men International Journal of Wrestling Science 3; Vol 3 Issue

Quality of Points (all bouts) comparison JWC (old rules) and Phuket, Kazan and JWC 3 (new rules) FW % Pts. 4 85 48 55 88 8% 4 6% 4% 636 4 33 46 5 Pts. 3 Pts. Pts. Pt. % 39 6 33 % JW C Phuket 3 Kazan 3 JW C 3 bts:85 pts.:395 bts:84 pts.:73 bts: pts.:97 bts:79 pts.:5 pts./bt: 7,5 t/bt: 3,7 min pts./bt: 8,7 t/bt: 3,9min pts./bt: 8,3 t/bt: 3,8 min pts./bt: 8,5 t/bt: 3,9 min Figure 5 Quality of points in Freestyle wrestling Women This view is corroborated by the analysis of the wrestling behavior of the Winner (Fig.6, 7, 8). Quality of Points (winner) comparison JWC (old rules) and Phuket, Kazan and JWC 3 (new rules) GR % Pts. 6 5 7 8% 5 6% 4% % 8 45 3 3 5 68 45 5 Pts. 3 Pts. Pts. Pt. % JW C Phuket 3 Kazan 3 JW C 3 bts: 37 Pts.:84 bts:7 Pts.:7 bts: 9 Pts.: 7 bts: 37 Pts.: 5 Pts./bt: 5, t/bt: 4,5 min Pts./bt:6,3 t/bt:: 4,min Pts./bt: 5,9 t/bt: 4, min Pts./bt: 6,8 t/bt: 3, min WQ (pts./min), WQ (pts./min),6 WQ (pts./min),5 WQ (pts./min) 3, Figure 6 Quality of points of the winner in Greco-Roman wrestling Official Journal of the International Network of Wrestling Researchers (INWR)

Quality of Points (winner) comparison JWC (old rules) and Phuket, Kazan and JWC 3 (new rules) FS % Pts. 7 9 6 8% 7 6% 4% % % 9 44 94 3 JW C Phuket 3 Kazan 3 JW C 3 4 5 Pts. 3 Pts. Pts. Pt. bts: 38 Pts.: 89 bouts:4 Pts.:34 bouts: 3 Pts.: 37 bouts: 37 Pts.: 335 Pts./bt: 7,6 t/bt: 3,6 min Pts./bt: 7,7 t/bt:,9 min Pts./bt: 7,4 t/bt: 3,5 min Pts./bt: 9, t/bt: 3,4 min WQ(pts./min), WQ(pts./min),5 WQ(pts./min), WQ(pts./min),64 Figure 7 Quality of points of the winner in Freestyle wrestling Men Quality of Points (winner) comparison JWC (old rules) and Phuket, Kazan and JWC 3 (new rules) FW % Pts. 6 7 7 8% 48 6% 4% % % 96 55 9 JW C Phuket 3 Kazan 3 JW C 3 68 6 75 54 5 Pts. 3 Pts. Pts. Pt. bts: 35 Pts.: 4 bts: 6 Pts.:7 bts: 6 Pts.: 73 bts: 33 Pts.: 55 Pts./bt: 6,9 t/bt: 3,3 min Pts./bt:6,6 t/bt:,8min Pts./bt: 6,7 t/bt: 3,9 min Pts./bt: 7,7 t/bt: 4,4 min WQ(pts./min), WQ(pts./min),3 WQ(pts./min),7 WQ(pts./min),8 Figure 8 Quality of points of the winner in Freestyle wrestling Women The champions show the same picture as in the evaluation of all the bouts and they show particularly problematic developments in Freestyle wrestling. A devaluation of attractive techniques in training and competition with respect to the attractiveness of wrestling makes no sense. As a first approach for further discussions, we have therefore realized an analysis of the technical structure of Junior World Champions 3 (Fig. 9). International Journal of Wrestling Science 3; Vol 3 Issue 3

Technical structure/attack efficacy JWC 3 FS (winner) WQ [Pts./min] 3,5 3,5,5,5 total 5 kg 55 kg 6 kg 66 kg 74 kg 84 kg 96 kg kg leg attack,9 3,,84,59,6,8,69,77 take downs,54,,,7,6,8,3,46 throws,3,8,6 gut wrench,9,,8,,,3,,6 turn over,6,7,55,6,68,5 counter,48,44,55,6,39,5,34,,3 out,9,9,5,3 Figure 9 Technical structure of the winner in Freestyle wrestling Men Leg attacks, Take downs and counter were the most used techniques of the Winner JWC 3. These techniques scored after the old rules -point and in the new rules points. Throws almost disappeared and most of the counter we could see against leg attacks. But we never should forget that 3-and 5-point techniques are the basic for attractive wrestling. Therefore are more discussions after the Senior World Championships welcome. REFERENCES Tünnemann, H. (994). The influence of rule changes to the training and competition design in wrestling. Publication series on Applied Training Science, (), 99-3): SPONET NO 6434 4 Official Journal of the International Network of Wrestling Researchers (INWR)