EXPERIMENTING The Respiratory and Circulatory Systems CLIL Course University of Nottingham STUDENT S WORKSHEETS

EXPERIMENTING The Respiratory and Circulatory Systems CLIL Course University of Nottingham STUDENT S WORKSHEETS M. Antònia Berga Sabaté January March 2009

Worksheet 1 You breathe to take air into your body. There is a gas in the air called oxygen that your body needs to work. The air goes up your nose or into your mouth. Then it goes down a tube called the windpipe and into your lungs. Count How many seconds can you hold your breath? Answer: I can hold my breath... seconds. Ask your partner How many seconds can you hold your breath? Answer: He/She can hold his/her breath... seconds. Raise your hands, tell your score, look at the board and write down Number of SECONDS Number of children -20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 +40 Count again How many times do we breathe in a minute? Answer: I breathe. times in a minute. Don't forget to breathe! How many times do we breathe in a minute after taking exercise? Answer: I breathe. times in a minute. Work in pairs Is there any difference?... Why do we breathe faster when we exercise? Complete the sentence using the words from the box: Oxygen - body - air - breathe We.. faster when we exercise because our. needs more from the.. to make more energy to work harder. M. Antònia Berga Sabaté CEIP FRANCESC MACIÀ (Súria) 1

Worksheet 2 Hi! I m Oxy, a tiny molecule of oxygen. You take me from the air. Please come along with me as I take you on a trip into your body. Take a big breath. Hold it in. Where does the air go? Why do we need it? Do you want to travel with me? You breathe to stay alive. Without air, your body would stop working in only a few minutes. Oops! Don't forget to let that air out! It's really amazing! You breathe about 20 times every minute. Imagine how much air you use in one day! I want you to breathe clean air. The air that enters your body through your nose is on its way to your lungs. Let's see how it gets there. Your nose (or nasal cavity) does many useful things for you. It smells for you. It tells you when lunch is ready to eat. As well, it sneezes (AHH CHOO!) for you when you get pepper up your nose. It warms the air on a cold day and cools the air on a hot day. I m now in your nose. It lets air in and cleans it. The next destination: your windpipe. Your windpipe (or trachea) runs down your neck. It takes the air into your lungs. Follow me! Don't confuse this with the tube that takes food to your stomach! Both your windpipe and your nose have "mucus" in them. This sticky stuff is great because it catches the dirt carried in by the air. Now I m still moving! The air you breathe goes deep down into two big spongy sacs called your lungs. Take another big breath. Do you see your chest moving? After the air goes through your nose and windpipe, it reaches your lungs. How can we get there? Through two tubes called bronchi. They divide into smaller and smaller tubes, your bronchioles. Can you still follow me? I m travelling through these tubes. You have to use a microscope to see them. M. Antònia Berga Sabaté CEIP FRANCESC MACIÀ (Súria) 2

Worksheet 3 Finally, I reach the end and I fall into very tiny sacs, which are like miniature balloons. You have millions of these air sacs in your lungs. They are called alveoli. Inside them, I m going to say goodbye to you, my friends. Now I m ready to begin the long trip around your body looking for a cell that needs me, the oxygen from the air. BYE! Work in pairs: After reading the story, label the parts of the respiratory system. Ask each other some questions: What are the lungs? Where is the windpipe? How many bronchi have we got? What are the alveoli? M. Antònia Berga Sabaté CEIP FRANCESC MACIÀ (Súria) 3

Worksheet 4 Read the sentences from the box and write the airway in the correct order. The air enters the body through goes into the lungs through small tubes called travels from the nose to goes from the trachea to two tubes called passes into the blood through arrives in two spongy organs called the lungs the trachea the bronchioles the bronchi the alveoli the nasal cavity 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. The air travels through big big tubes into tubes narrow into tubes. narrow tubes. M. Antònia Berga Sabaté CEIP FRANCESC MACIÀ (Súria) 4

Worksheet 5 Find the words related to the topic: LUNGS NOSE TRACHEA BRONCHI BRONCHIOLE ALVEOLI BREATHE DIAPHRAGM OXYGEN AIR O U Z Y L D V M F F L A A B J T I Q P J L U N G S Z B R Q R V N C N K J F G F Y Q E Y E K A Q R U V D E V C I A K K D L G W I L J Y G C E T U Y D I A P H R A G M B A H B R O N C H I O L E Z R I E Q G T R A C H E A E E O R R H A G I E G S K P A V N D O R C E A C X O D V G C C Q F A L V E O L I C N V M H F Q R N H G S Y P K O Z N I D A Y R Z Y G X U K S G L Q D K Q I O X Y G E N E N D D R P M. Antònia Berga Sabaté CEIP FRANCESC MACIÀ (Súria) 5

Worksheet 6 Materials we need: Tweezers A tray Scissors Foil paper The Respiratory system is for breathing, which is the process which oxygen in the air is brought into the lungs and into close contact with the blood. At the same time the blood gives up carbon dioxide, which goes out of the lungs with the air when we breathe. Method: OBSERVING A RESPIRATORY SYSTEM We are going to observe the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM of a mammal: a pig. It is very similar to the human one. Try to observe all the parts carefully. We use the scissors to cut the trachea to see inside it. Is it smooth or rough? Where does it finish? Apart from the trachea and lungs, what other parts can you see? Put some foil paper around the end of the trachea and blow very hard. What happens? What are the lungs like? Amazing Facts: 1. The right lung is larger. 2. The fastest sneeze is 165 km per hour. 3. The capillaries measure 1600 km. M. Antònia Berga Sabaté CEIP FRANCESC MACIÀ (Súria) 6

Worksheet 7 OUR QUESTION Number 1 OUR EQUIPMENT (list and draw) To do the experiment we need: METHOD (what do we do?) Draw a picture: Worksheet 8 M. Antònia Berga Sabaté CEIP FRANCESC MACIÀ (Súria) 7

MY PREDICTIONS (what I think we will see) I think we will see RESULTS (what happens?) blow up - rough - spongy - reddish - smooth - trachea - lungs - bronchi bronchioles Complete: The trachea is...inside and. outside. We can see...... When we blow into the trachea, the lungs.... WHAT I HAVE LEARNED I have learned the parts of the Respiratory System: M. Antònia Berga Sabaté CEIP FRANCESC MACIÀ (Súria) 8

Worksheet 9 MAKE A MODEL OF YOUR LUNGS (Lungs Expanding and Contracting) When we breathe in our diaphragm (the muscle under our chest) moves down and our ribs move out. Air goes in from outside and the lungs fill with air. When we breathe out our diaphragm moves up and our ribs move back. The air goes out and the lungs empty. Materials we need: One plastic bottle for each group. Some balloons. Scissors Method: We are going to make a model that works in a similar way to our lungs. 1. Push one balloon into the neck of the bottle. Fold the neck of the balloon around the neck of the bottle. 2. Cut the bottom of the bottle. 3. Cut the neck of another balloon and place it over the open end of the bottle. 4. Pull on the middle of this piece of rubber. What happens to the balloon? 5. Let the piece of rubber go and then push it. What happens to the balloon? Amazing Facts: 1. About half a litre of air goes in and out of the lungs in each breath. 2. A person breathes about 21,600 times every day. M. Antònia Berga Sabaté CEIP FRANCESC MACIÀ (Súria) 9

Worksheet 10 Number 2 OUR QUESTION OUR EQUIPMENT (list and draw) To do the experiment we need: METHOD (what do we do?) Draw a picture: M. Antònia Berga Sabaté CEIP FRANCESC MACIÀ (Súria) 10

Worksheet 11 MY PREDICTIONS (what I think we will see) I think we will see RESULTS (what happens?) Complete: When we pull the rubber, the balloon When we push the rubber, the balloon. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED Write true sentences: When we breathe in When we breathe out the diaphragm the lungs moves up lungs empty moves down lungs fill with air M. Antònia Berga Sabaté CEIP FRANCESC MACIÀ (Súria) 11

Worksheet 12 NOSE LUNGS TRACHEA BRONCHI ALVEOLI BRONCHIOLES Label and write in order Two spongy organs where oxygen passes into the blood. Small tubes which carry air into the lungs. Air travels down this big tube into the lungs. Air comes in through this. Tiny air sacs inside the lungs. Two big branches of the trachea. M. Antònia Berga Sabaté CEIP FRANCESC MACIÀ (Súria) 12

Worksheet 13 Divide into groups of 3 children and try to speak with your partners for 4-5 minutes about the topic: SMOKING AND HEALTH Before starting the discussion, try to complete these sentences. They can help you to talk about the topic When people smoke, they breathe in Tobacco contains Smoking is for the lungs. The smoke eliminates the cilia from Smoking can cause M. Antònia Berga Sabaté CEIP FRANCESC MACIÀ (Súria) 13

Worksheet 14 Your pulse is a measure of how fast your heart is beating. It is the number of beats your heart makes in one minute. You can feel your pulse at certain points on your body. The easiest place to feel it is in your wrist, using the first two fingers of your other hand. Use a stopwatch or a watch with a second hand to count how many beats there are in one minute. Count the number of beats for 10 seconds, and then multiply this number by 6. This will give you your beat rate for a minute. Take your pulse rate How many beats did you count in a minute? Answer: My pulse is.beats a minute. Ask two friends and compare How many beats did you count in a minute? Answer: He/She has... beats per minute. Answer: He/She has.... beats per minute. Record your results in the chart Sitting quietly for ½ minute Your pulse per minute A friend s pulse per minute 1 st time 2 nd time 3 rd time 4 th time Your heart beats faster or slower depending on what you are doing. M. Antònia Berga Sabaté CEIP FRANCESC MACIÀ (Súria) 14

Take exercise for two minutes (walk fast, jump, hop ) Find your pulse rate after exercise. For the next two minutes, exercise vigorously. Do any exercise that you want to but be careful. Then quickly sit down. Now have your partner take your pulse rate and record it. Exercise/Activity Prediction (up or down) Time (minutes) Pulse Rate Does it go up or down? Was your prediction right? After 2 minutes of exercising After 4 minutes of exercising After 6 minutes of exercising Resting Conclusion When I exercise my pulse rate goes. When I rest it goes. My fastest pulse rate was per minute. down oxygen up My slowest pulse rate was per minute. When I exercise my heart beats faster because my body needs more. Compare your pulse rate with that of your friend. Answer this question: Where else can you feel a pulse on your body? M. Antònia Berga Sabaté CEIP FRANCESC MACIÀ (Súria) 15

Worksheet 15 After watching the video label the parts of the Circulatory system: Heart Arteries Veins Now write the names of the four chambers of the heart: Left ventricle Right ventricle Right atrium Left atrium M. Antònia Berga Sabaté CEIP FRANCESC MACIÀ (Súria) 16

Worksheet 16 MAKING A STETHOSCOPE When the valves in our heart open and close to pump blood they make a lub dub sound. With every heartbeat the heart muscles contract to pump blood around the body. Doctors use a stethoscope to listen to the heart because it is difficult to hear the heart s valves without one. Materials we need: Two pieces of plastic tubing (30 centimetres long approx.) Two small kitchen funnels. Or two plastic bottle funnels cut from the top third of plastic water bottles. Scissors. Method: We are going to make a model that works in a similar way to a doctor s stethoscope. 1. Connect the funnels to the plastic tube. 2. Place one end to your ear and the other end to a friend s chest. 3. Can you hear the sound of your friend s heartbeat better with your stethoscope or without it? 4. Can you explain why it seems louder? 5. Can you hear the heartbeat better by listening through the front of the ribcage or from the back? Amazing Facts: 1. The heart pumps about 5 litres of blood each minute. 2. Your heart is about the same size as your closed fist. Worksheet M. Antònia Berga Sabaté CEIP FRANCESC MACIÀ (Súria) 17

Worksheet 17 Number 3 OUR QUESTION OUR EQUIPMENT (list and draw) To do the experiment we need: METHOD (what do we do?) Draw a picture: M. Antònia Berga Sabaté CEIP FRANCESC MACIÀ (Súria) 18

MY PREDICTIONS (what I think we will notice) I think we are going to feel... RESULTS (what happens?) WHAT I HAVE LEARNED beats - pump - body - heart - heartbeat - blood Complete: Doctors use a stethoscope to measure the..... The pulse rate is the number of... of our....... Our heart works like a...... carrying... around our...... M. Antònia Berga Sabaté CEIP FRANCESC MACIÀ (Súria) 19

Worksheet 18 Materials we need: A piece of plasticine or blu-tack. A drinking straw. A stopwatch SEEING YOUR PULSE Method: We are going to find your pulse point on the inside of your wrist below your thumb. 1. Place a piece of plasticine (or blue-tack) on this point. 2. Push one end of a drinking straw into the plasticine so that it stands upright from your wrist. 3. Lay your arm flat on the table. Keep it very still. 4. What do you notice? 5. Count the number of times the straw moves in one minute. (Your heartbeat). (The straw moves backwards and forwards slightly as the blood pumped by your heart passes through your wrist). M. Antònia Berga Sabaté CEIP FRANCESC MACIÀ (Súria) 20

Worksheet 19 Read carefully the text about what the blood is like: Adults have about 5 litres of blood in their body. Blood is made of a pale liquid called plasma. Floating in it are red cells, white cells and platelets. Red cells carry oxygen to all parts of the body. White cells fight germs to protect your body from infection. Platelets help your blood to clot when you cut yourself and bleed. Read the texts from the box and write true sentences: The platelets The white cells The plasma The red cells defend the body against illnesses. clot the blood so you don t bleed. is a fluid. It transports substances. carry oxygen to all the cells of the body. M. Antònia Berga Sabaté CEIP FRANCESC MACIÀ (Súria) 21

Worksheet 20 Hello! I m Bly, a tiny drop of blood. I travel around your body all the time, through tubes called blood vessels. The large tubes are called arteries and veins. The small tubes are called capillaries. They are very tiny and we need a microscope to see them. Some blood vessels are bigger and you can even see them under your skin! Look at your wrist. The blue coloured tubes you see just under your skin are veins full of me (blood). If we could take out all the blood vessels in your body and place them end-to-end, how far do you think they would go? Your blood vessels would go round the world more than once. It s true! So what pumps me? I'll give you a hint! It's a big organ with strong walls of muscle that acts like a pump, which is in the middle of your chest, behind your lungs. You guessed it. It's your heart. What does a heart look like? Well, as you can see, it's not really shaped like a valentine heart. Close your hands together. That's about the size of your heart! Your heart is like a box divided into four sections. We call them chambers. The two bottom sections (the right and left ventricles) are a little bit bigger than the ones on top (the right and left atriums). These four chambers all have specific jobs to do in order to pump me through your body. Your heart pumps all day and all night. It never takes a rest. About once every second and even faster if you are running. Do you feel your heart pumping me? I m going to your lungs to collect oxygen, and then I m going to return to your heart. There I m going to be pumped to the rest of your body. I carry oxygen and food to every cell and I take away waste and carbon dioxide. The vessels that carry me away from your heart are called arteries. The main one is called Aorta. Those that carry me back to the heart are called veins. Give your heart a treat. It really likes fruit and vegetables. It works better with practice, so remember to take exercise! Take care of your body! I hope you have learned that your heart and me are very special! Bye bye my friends! Good luck! M. Antònia Berga Sabaté CEIP FRANCESC MACIÀ (Súria) 22

Worksheet 20 Match these words with their functions: 1. Heart a. Carries blood back to heart. 2. Blood b. Pumps blood around the body. 3. Artery c. Carries blood away from the heart. 4. Vein d. Carries food and oxygen around the body. Label the parts of the heart using the chart below: Left ventricle Right ventricle Right atrium Left atrium Aorta Pulmonary artery website and click on the answer you think is correct: Open the following http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ks2bitesize/science/tests/keeping_healthy.shtml M. Antònia Berga Sabaté CEIP FRANCESC MACIÀ (Súria) 23

Worksheet 21 Materials we need: A tray Scissors Rubber gloves Tweezers Cutter or scalpel A pig s heart for each group Method: DISSECTING A PIG S HEART We are going to look into the heart of a pig because it is very similar to the human heart in size, structure and function. EXTERNAL OBSERVATION: 1. Remove the fat that covers the heart to see it more clearly. 2. Place the flat side of the heart on the tray. COMPLETE: The more fleshy and consistent part is the There is a big crease between the left and the right. (Note that when we talk about left and right, we mean the position of the animal s body. So, your left is the right side of the heart and your right is the left part of the heart). M. Antònia Berga Sabaté CEIP FRANCESC MACIÀ (Súria) 24

INTERNAL OBSERVATION: 1. Cut the heart vertically, as indicated on the picture. 2. Observe the ventricles and then cut and open an atrium. COMPLETE: At the top of the heart there are two more chambers. They are the right and the left Remember that - Arteries carry blood away from the heart. They are thicker. - Veins carry blood back into the heart. Can you see an artery? Which one? A vein? Which one? Compare the thickness of the walls of both ventricles. Which one is thicker? Why do you think so? Amazing Facts: 1. Your heart beats about 100,000 times a day. 2. It pumps about 5 litres of blood per minute. M. Antònia Berga Sabaté CEIP FRANCESC MACIÀ (Súria) 25

Worksheet 22 Number 4 OUR QUESTION OUR EQUIPMENT (list and draw) To do the experiment we need: METHOD (what do we do?) Draw a picture: M. Antònia Berga Sabaté CEIP FRANCESC MACIÀ (Súria) 26

MY PREDICTIONS (what I think we will see) I think we will see The four of the heart. At the top there are two.... At the bottom there are two.. The main. and the main. RESULTS Draw the atriums and the ventricles: WHAT I HAVE LEARNED Match and then write true sentences: There are Ventricles are Arteries carry blood Veins carry blood Arteries are The Vena Cava is The Aorta is. the main vein. away from the heart. thicker than veins. bigger than atriums. back into the heart. the main artery. four chambers in the heart. M. Antònia Berga Sabaté CEIP FRANCESC MACIÀ (Súria) 27

Worksheet 23 The Circulatory system: The group of organs that carries nutrients, oxygen and other substances to all cells of the body. Right atrium: collects blood from the body. Right ventricle: Pumps blood to the lungs. Left atrium: Receives blood form the lungs. Left ventricle: Pushes blood to the rest of the body. Read carefully the text and number (from 1 to 8) the steps of the blood circulation : The left side of your heart sends oxygen-rich blood out to the body. The body takes the oxygen out of the blood and uses it in your body's cells. When the cells use the oxygen, they make carbon dioxide and other stuff that gets carried away by the blood. The returning blood enters the right side of the heart. The right ventricle pumps the blood to the lungs. In the lungs, carbon dioxide is removed from the blood and sent out of the body when we exhale. What's next? Of course, a fresh breath of oxygen that can enter the blood to start the process again. And remember, it all happens in about a minute! From the body To the body To the lungs From the lungs M. Antònia Berga Sabaté CEIP FRANCESC MACIÀ (Súria) 28

Worksheet 24 1. What does your heart do? A-It pumps air around your body B-It pumps blood around your body C-It pumps blood to just your muscles 2. Which of these would make your heart beat the fastest? A-Lying down B-Sitting on a chair C-Swimming 3. What does your pulse rate tell you? A-How fast your heart is beating B-How fast you are running C-How old you are 4. Why does your heart beat faster when you exercise? A-Because it gets excited B-To get oxygen to your muscles more quickly C-To make a louder noise 5. Which of these is true? A-Eating bread or pasta gives us energy to be active B-Eating lots of chips helps us grow healthily C-Meat gives us most things we need to keep healthy milk important in a healthy diet? A-They contain lots of fibre, which is good for your heart B-They contain lots of protein, which helps your body grow C-They contain lots of sugar 7. Blood moves round your body in special tubes called blood vessels. Which of these is NOT a blood vessel? A-A vein B-An artery C-A ventricle 8. What happens to your blood when it reaches your lungs? A-It picks up oxygen B-It picks up carbon dioxide C-Nothing 9. Where is your heart? A-In the middle of your chest B-On the right side of your chest C-On the left side of your chest 10. Why is smoking cigarettes bad for you? A-Because cigarettes can burn your fingers B-Because cigarettes can harm your heart and lungs C-Because the smoke gets in your eyes 6. Why are foods like eggs, fish and M. Antònia Berga Sabaté CEIP FRANCESC MACIÀ (Súria) 29

Blood heart lungs - vessels It pumps the blood around the body THE HEART AND THE LUNGS CONNECT FOUR GAME They are protected by the rib cage. It is bright red when full of oxygen. Blood without oxygen is pumped back to these. Blood collects oxygen from these. They take in oxygen. We have two of these. It is dark red when it does not contain oxygen. It is a muscle. Smoking is bad for them. The pulse measures beats from this. It carries oxygen round the body. They connect all parts of the body to the heart. It has four chambers. Blood travels through these tubes. It travels to every part of the body. M. Antònia Berga Sabaté CEIP FRANCESC MACIÀ (Súria) 30