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Piotr Wołejsza, Ph. D. Master Mariner CEO of Sup4Nav spin out company of Maritime University of Szczecin HUMAN ERROR AS THE MAIN CAUSE OF ACCIDENTS AT SEA 2
Agenda 1. Passenger ships disasters 2. Statistics 3. Projects 4. From information to decision support 5. NAVDEC 6. Surprise photo: wikipedia 3/32
The Worst Cruise Ship Disasters* caused by human error RMS Titanic: The original cruise ship disaster, the "unsinkable ship" struck an iceberg in the North Atlantic on its maiden voyage in 1912 and sank into the icy water, killing more than 1,500 of its 2,200 passengers and crew. S.S. Eastland: In 1915, the S.S. Eastland passenger tour ship rolled over while in port in downtown Chicago. More than 840 of its 2,500 passengers died in the accident. Costa Concordia: This Italian cruise ship ran aground on a reef off the coast of Tuscany, Italy, in January 2012 and toppled onto its side. Of the 4,200 aboard, 32 died and 64 were injured, according to the Associated Press. *By US News 4/32
Human error Over 1500 casualties! photo: wikipedia 5
Human error photo: wikipedia 6
At present there are no requirements obliging marchant vessels to be equipped with a decision support system that would assist navigators in collision situations. Consequently, vessels do not carry such systems!!! Human error causes 80% of collisions at sea!!! Example: COLLISION BETWEEN M/V GOTLAND CAROLINA AND M/V CONTI HARMONY BOTH NAVIGATORS THOUGHT THAT THEY WERE STAND-ON VESSELS!!! www.sup4nav.eu 7
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SOLUTION? There are many projects which aiming to reduce number of ships accidents. Two of them are carried out at Faculty of Navigation (Maritime University of Szczecin): ESABALT NAVDEC source: HELCOM 16
ESABALT The name ESABALT is an acronym for Enhanced Situational Awareness to Improve Maritime Safety in the Baltic. Funding is provided by the Joint Baltic Sea Research and Development Programme (BONUS). The partners in the ESABALT consortium include the Finnish Geodetic Institute, Furuno Finland Oy, SSPA, and Maritime University of Szczecin. source: HELCOM 17
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NAVIGATIONAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR SEA-GOING SHIPS NAVDEC Sources of Input Data: source: HELCOM 20
NAVIGATIONAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR SEA-GOING SHIPS NAVDEC Example of implementation (1) NEW Functionality: Recommended New Course or New Speed as well as a Sector of Safe Courses Standard navigational data NEW Functionality: Presentation of our Status according to the COLREGs
NAVIGATIONAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR SEA-GOING SHIPS NAVDEC Example of implementation (2) Standard navigational data NEW Functionality: Presentation of our Status according to the COLREGs NEW Functionality: Recommended New Course as well as a Sector of Safe Courses
NAVIGATIONAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR SEA-GOING SHIPS NAVDEC Example of implementation (3) NEW Functionality: Solution Computed for MORE than one Vessel
NAVIGATIONAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR SEA-GOING SHIPS NAVDEC NEW Functionality (optional): Data fusion The System: calculates encounter parameters more accurately due to: taking into account the size of the vessel, applying fusion algorithms of more than one GPS / DGPS receivers for position plotting,
NAVIGATIONAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR SEA-GOING SHIPS NAVDEC SYSTEM ADVANTAGES The System: takes into account COLREGs, both for good and restricted visibility, Presentation of our Status according to the COLREGs
NAVIGATIONAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR SEA-GOING SHIPS NAVDEC SYSTEM ADVANTAGES The System: takes the vessel s size into account when planning an anticollision manoeuvre, Distance between ships Distance between antennas
NAVIGATIONAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR SEA-GOING SHIPS NAVDEC SYSTEM ADVANTAGES The System: immediately notifies the operator about target manoeuvre thanks to information about the target s ROT, flashing yellow symbol marks manoeuvring target
NAVIGATIONAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR SEA-GOING SHIPS NAVDEC SYSTEM ADVANTAGES The System: works out a manoeuvre also in relation to vessels, which are in the radar shadow, Ship A detects ship B by radar and AIS, but ship C only by AIS. Ship C detects ship B and A by AIS. B and A are not visible for the radar. Ship B detects ship A by radar and AIS, but ship C only by AIS.
NAVIGATIONAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR SEA-GOING SHIPS NAVDEC International patent application PCT/PL2010/000112, 08.11.2010 (PL 26.11.2009) A method and system of navigational decision support in the process of safe vessel navigation European patent application EP10793063.8, 25.05.2012 (PL 26.11.2009) A method and system of navigational decision support in the process of safe vessel navigation
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Thank you for your attention! source: HELCOM 32