COASTS (P.38-45) Processes: Types of wave Weathering Mass Movement Erosion Transport Deposition Landforms: Cracks Caves Arches Stacks/stumps Headlands/bays Coves Spits Tombolos Beaches Sand dunes Management: Hard engineering: Groynes Sea walls Gabions Soft Engineering: Beach replenishment Dune regeneration Case studies: Dorset coast landforms (Old Harry, Chesil Beach) Holderness coast management (Yorkshire)
Do now: Sort the following information into two groups: Constructive waves and Destructive waves 1. High and steep 2. Frequent (10-14 waves per min) 3. Form spits 4. Form bays 5. Create tombolos 6. Long fetch 7. Strong swash 8. Strong backwash 9. Build up the beach 10. Deposit material 11. Low and long wavelength 12. Weak winds 13. Short fetch 14.Low frequency (6-8 per min) 15. Erode coastlines 16. Require beach management 17. Form bars 18. Low energy waves
Do now: Sort the following information into two groups: Constructive waves and Destructive waves 1. High and steep 2. Frequent (10-14 waves per min) 3. Form spits 4. Form bays 5. Create tombolos 6. Long fetch 7. Strong swash 8. Strong backwash 9. Build up the beach 10. Deposit material 11. Low and long wavelength 12. Weak winds 13. Short fetch 14. Low frequency (6-8 per min) 15. Erode coastlines 16. Require beach management 17. Form bars 18. Low energy waves
Odd one out? The skill here is not just in identifying the odd one out, but explaining clearly why it is the odd one out. 1. Abrasion, saltation, attrition, hydraulic action 2. High frequency, strong swash, strong backwash, long fetch 3. Rockfall, slump, slide, abrasion 4. Wave cut platform, wave cut notch, spit, bay 5. Durdle Door, Lulworth Cove, Old Harry, Mappleton 6. Freeze thaw, bay, cove, arch 7. Rock armour, sea wall, groyne, beach replenishment is the odd one out as it is. whereas the others are all
Flash cards: Task: 1. Create flashcards for any of the following terms. 2. Create a variety of sentences that include as many linked terms as you can. Mechanical weathering Chemical weathering Hydraulic action Abrasion/corrosion Attrition Solution/corrosion Destructive wave Constructive wave Swash Backwash Fetch Wave cut notch Undercutting Wave cut platform Vegetation Mass movement Headland Bay Resistant rock Cliff retreat Stack Stump Cave Arch Crack Cove Clay Limestone Parallel
Example: Destructive waves will often erode the headland through the processes of hydraulic action and abrasion, undercutting the cliff, leading to cliff retreat.
Annotate the diagram to explain how a spit is formed (4 marks)
Peer mark (any 4): Swash carries material up beach at angle Backwash carries material back down beach perpendicularly to coast LSD in direction of prevailing wind Change in direction of headland (e.g. at river mouth) Waves loves energy and deposit material, due to increased resistance/friction Creates sheltered area behind (salt marsh) therefore material depositis Recurved end from change in wind direction Does not connect to other headland due to river current stopping any material settling here
Why protect coastlines? Give a reason to show what each illustration represents. Add 3-5 more of your own.
Define these two terms: Hard engineering: Putting in place man-made structures that reduces erosion and transportation of beach material. Soft engineering: Using knowledge of the sea and its processes to limit the damage that erosion and flooding can cause in valuable areas. No looking in the revision guide!
For each photo: Name the management strategy (hard/soft?) Two sentences explaining exactly how it works. 1 advantage 1 disadvantage Extension: Give 3 criteria that determine whether a management strategy is sustainable: 1. 2. 3.
Back of books: Name these features A B C F D E G - place H I J K
True or false? 1. Waves follow the direction of the prevailing wind 2. Swash carries material back down the beach 3. The 4 types of transport are: traction, saltation, abrasion and solution 4. Material is deposited when waves lose energy 5. There is more deposition when there is a large supply of sediment in the water 6. Spits form when there is a change in direction of the headland 7. A bar connects a headland to an island 8. Behind a bar a sheltered area called a cove forms 9. Sheltered (e.g. salt marshes) often develop behind spits 10. Caves and arches can t be seen on OS maps 11. Durdle Door is an erosional landform made up of sand and clay 12. Chesil Beach is a tombolo
True or false? 1. Waves follow the direction of the prevailing wind TRUE 2. Swash carries material back down the beach FALSE 3. The 4 types of transport are: traction, saltation, abrasion and solution FALSE 4. Material is deposited when waves lose energy TRUE 5. There is more deposition when there is a large supply of sediment in the water TRUE 6. Spits form when there is a change in direction of the headland TRUE 7. A bar connects a headland to an island FALSE 8. Behind a bar a sheltered area called a cove forms FALSE 9. Sheltered (e.g. salt marshes) often develop behind spits TRUE 10. Caves and arches can t be seen on OS maps TRUE 11. Durdle Door is an erosional landform made up of sand and clay FALSE 12. Chesil Beach is a tombolo found in Dorset TRUE