Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) How to Analyze Health & Safety Hazards at your worksite Michael Hall, Director CA EH+S TRAINING CENTER 1 What is Job Hazard Analysis (JHA)? It is a method for systematically identifying and evaluating hazards associated with a particular job or task. It is also called Job Safety Analysis (JSA). 2 1
JHA Purpose Taking a job or task and breaking it down into steps to? Effective JHA s help the employer and employee recognize and control? 3 Why conduct a job hazard analysis? A job hazard analysis can prevent workrelated death, injuries or illnesses by eliminating and or controlling identified hazards. It is a means to ensure that workers have the training, equipment and supplies to do their jobs safely. 4 2
Select the job to be analyzed Prioritize HIGH LOW MEDIUM 5 Identifying jobs for a JHA Look at jobs where workers have been injured using existing information from: Your accident or incident reports Your worker compensation claims Industry or trade association data Conduct a preliminary worksite walkaround to observe or identify hazardous jobs or tasks. 6 3
Involving employees a good Practice! Involving employees allows them to bring their insights, experience and expertise about the jobs to the process. After All Who is it for? 7 Break job down into key components Once a job is identified, you will need to break it into key components or sub-tasks and list all the hazards associated with each sub-task. Too much detail makes the JHA cumbersome, but too little detail may omit hazards. Generally, limit the number of components to 10 or less. 8 4
Breaking job into key components - Changing a light bulb Too Much Detail Too Little Detail Right Amount of Detail Get ladder from storage. Get new light bulb from storage. Carry ladder and light bulb to light needing changing. Place ladder under light to be changed. Ensure light switch is in the off position. Climb ladder. Remove light cover. Twist light bulb in a counter clock-wise direction until it is free of the socket. Remove old light bulb. Insert new light bulb into socket. Turn in a clock-wise direction until tightened. Replace light cover. Descend ladder. Carry ladder back to storage. Get a ladder and new light bulb. Change bulb. Put ladder away and throw out old light bulb. Get ladder and new light bulb. Turn light switch off. Place ladder under light to be changed. Using ladder, change bulb. Put ladder back in storage. Ranking Hazardous Tasks Once you have identified jobs or tasks that have the potential to or are in fact injuring workers, you will need to rank these tasks and start addressing the most serious first. One method for ranking tasks considers the probability that the hazard will cause an injury and an estimate of the severity of that injury. 9 5
A method to prioritize hazardous tasks Severity Table Score Classification Description 4 Catastrophic May cause death 3 Critical May cause severe injury or illness 2 Marginal May cause minor injury or illness 1 Minor Will not cause injury or illness 10 A method to prioritize hazardous tasks Probability Table Score Classification Description 5 frequent Very likely to occur frequently 4 probable Probably will occur at some time 3 Occasional May occur infrequently 2 Remote Unlikely, but possible 1 Improbable So unlikely, it is assumed it will not occur 11 6
Date of analysis: Job Hazard Analysis (General Example) People who participated: Tasks/jobs where injuries occur, or can occur How people get hurt What causes them to get hurt? What safe practices or PPE are needed? Ladders tipping over Lifting heavy objects Slipping on the floor Ladder was not on a level surface Ladder was on soft ground and the leg sunk in The person reached out too far The ladder wasn t high enough to reach up safely the person stood up near the top of it Ladder broken or damaged Trying to lift too heavy objects Bending over at the waist when lifting Turning (twisting) back while lifting Spilled liquids not cleaned up Small objects are dropped on the floor and left there People wear the wrong type of shoes for conditions Set ladder feet on solid level surfaces When reaching out, keep belt buckle between the side rails of the ladder. Do not stand on the top of a stepladder or on the first step down from the top. Replace or repair ladder Use proper lifting practices (bend knees, don t twist) For very heavy objects, use mechanical devices or get another person to help Wipe up all spills, and pick up dropped items, immediately Wear sturdy shoes with slip-resistant soles 13 Identifying types of hazards Acceleration Chemical Physical Fire/Explosion Biological 14 7
Identifying types of hazards Workplace Violence Ergonomic Temperature Extremes Noise 15 Identifying types of hazards Struck-by Contact Caught Falls Over Excretion Over Exposure 16 8
Develop Control Measures The Hierarchy of Controls Engineering controls #1 Administrative controls #2 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) #3 17 Engineering Controls Consist of Substitution Isolation Ventilation Equipment modification These controls focus on the source of the hazard Other controls generally focus on the employee 18 exposed to the hazard. 9
Engineering Controls The basic concept behind engineering controls is that, to the extent feasible, the work environment and the job itself should be designed to eliminate hazards or reduce exposure to hazards 18 Administrative Controls Administrative controls act on the worker, not the hazard. The hazard still exists, but the worker avoids the hazard by the way they do their job. 19 Using a lifting platform 10
Administrative Controls Measures aimed at reducing employee exposure to hazards Providing variety in jobs Adjusting work schedules and work pace Providing recovery time Modifying work practices Regular housekeeping Maintenance of work spaces tools, and equipment 20 Administrative Practices General workplace rules and other operationspecific rules Standard Operation Procedures Respiratory Protection Lockout/Tagout Confined Space Entry Hazard Communication Blood borne Pathogens Hearing Conservation 21 11
Personal Protective Equipment When exposure to hazards cannot be engineered completely out of normal operations and Engineering or administrative controls cannot provide sufficient additional protection from exposure, personal protective clothing and/or equipment PPE may be required. 22 Personal protective equipment Personal protective equipment (PPE) should be considered only after other control methods have been tried or shown not to be feasible. It requires the employee to understand the nature of the hazard and the limitations of the PPE. It also requires constant management to ensure the PPE is appropriate for the hazard, employees are properly trained to use the PPE correctly, and a supply of replacements is readily available. 12
Controlling hazards Summary At the Source Elimination Substitution Enclose the source Along the Path Exhaust Ventilation At the Worker 24 Machine Guards Administrative Controls Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Job Hazard Analysis Summary Select the job to be analyzed Watch the work being done Break the job down into steps/tasks Describe the hazards in each step of the task Utilize Your Employees 25 13
Job Hazard Analysis Summary Develop Control Measures Develop and Implement Safe Operating Procedures Evaluate and improve 26 14