Gabriel Gijón Noguerón Eva Lopezosa Reca Ana Belen Ortega Avila Faculty of Health Science. University of Malaga
WHAT IS BASKETBALL? Jump Contact Lateral movement
Control the action Guard and shooting guard Positions Guard Shooting guard Forward Forward-centre Centre Forward and Forward-centre Jumping capability agility of movements Power and strength Centre
BASKETBALL INJURIES Knee Ankle The most frequent injuries found in basketball players Type of Injuries Incidence rate% Ankle sprain 13,2-25 Patelar tendinitis 3,9-10,87 Lower back pain 6,1-7,45 Knee sprain 3,6-4,61 Finger sprain 2,7-17,09 Achilles tendinitis 3,2-2,84 Plantar Fasciitis 1,6-2,84 Back hernia 1-2,83 Meniscus injuries 1-2,13 Compartmental syndrome 2,13
AIMS OF THIS STUDY The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between foot posture, lower limb injuries and playing position, among professional basketball players.
Participants METHOD Two hundred twenty (220) players. Teams of the two major basketball leagues (ACB and LEB) in Spain, during the period from October 2011 to October 2014. Means(SD) CI 95% Height (cm) 195.73(9.56) 194.46-197.00 BMI (Kg/m2) 23.98(1.76) 23.74-24.22 Weight (Kg) 92.22(12.31) 90.58-93.85 Age (years) 22.51(3.58) 22.03-22.99 FPI score (mean of both feet) 2.66(3.14) 2.24-3.08 Experience (years) 15.04(3.88) 19.14-20.64 Training (hours/week) 19.89(5.61) 14.52-15.55 Characteristics of the sample
Inclusion and exclusion criteria - The following inclusion criteria were applied: (i) Participants were 18 or older (ii) The all had at least 10 years experience playing basketball. - The exclusion criteria were the presence of a serious foot injury that could have produced morphological change in the last 6 months, poor balance, or edema in the foot or ankle, which could impede obtaining the Foot Posture Index (FPI).
VARIABLES of STUDY Sport injuries Sport injuries were classified by their location: ankle, knee or foot, and included patellar luxation, lateral ligament knee sprain and patellar chondromalacia, 5 th metatarsal bone fracture, ankle sprain Foot posture by FPI These items included are talar head palpation, curves above and below the lateral malleoli, calcaneal angle, talonavicular bulge, medial longitudinal arch and forefoot to rearfoot alignment. The scores obtained are grouped into the following categories: >10 = highly pronated, 6 to 9 = pronated, 0 to 5 = normal, 0 to -5 supinated, -6 to -12 = highly supinated
Study Design A cross-sectional study. Sta=s=cal analysis The data was analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics v. 21.0 (BM Corp; Armonk, New York, USA). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied to determine the normality of the distribution. Bivariate chi square analyses, ANOVA with the Bonferroni test and correlations were then conducted to estimate the association between the player s position and the corresponding FPI, together with the most frequent pathologies associated with this playing position. In the correlations and inferential tests, alpha was set to 0.05.
RESULTS Frequency POSITION Guard Shooting guard Forward Forward Centre Centre 52 36 50 34 48 Total 220
FOOT POSTURE INDEX The mean FPI score for the across-all-player positions was 2.66 with a SD of 3.14, indicating that the FPI score extended from normal through to supinated. Point guards had an average FPI of -0.48 with a SD of 2.07 (supinated to normal), while centres had an average FPI of 5.15 with a SD of 2.11 (normal to pronated) Position Guard Mean -,50 Shooting guard SD 2,751 Mean 1,75 SD 1,113 Forward Mean 3,15 Forwardcentre SD 2,512 Mean 4,85 SD 2,834 Centre Mean 5,38 SD 2,012
Guard Shooting guard Forward Forward-Center Center
(I) Position RESULTS Difference of (J) Position means(i-j) P-value Guard Shooting guard -2,250(*),018 Forward -3,647(*),000 Forward Centre -5,350(*),000 Centre -5,875(*),000 Shooting guard Guard 2,250(*),018 Forward -1,397,288 Forward Centre -3,100(*),001 Centre -3,625(*),000 Forward Guard 3,647(*),000 Shooting guard 1,397,288 Forward Centre -1,703,159 Centre -2,228(*),006 Forward Centre Guard 5,350(*),000 Shooting guard 3,100(*),001 Forward 1,703,159 Centre -,525,960 Centre Guard 5,875(*),000 Shooting guard 3,625(*),000 Forward 2,228(*),006 Forward Centre,525,960 Anova test shows that different means of FPI score with respect to player posi=on are significant
RESULTS FPI Score FPI<0 (supinated feet ) FPI 0 to 5 (neutral feet ) FPI 6 to 12 (pronated feet) TOTAL P value 37 65 24 126 TENDINITIS 29.4% 51.6% 19.0% 100% 6 6 0 12 PATELLAR CHONDROMALACIA 50% 50% 0.0% 100% 39 132 43 214 ANKLE SPRAIN 18.2% 61.7% 20.1% 100% 0 10 4 14 FRACTURE 5TH METATARSAL 0.0% 71.4% 28.6% 100% 15 42 13 70 SPRAIN LATERAL KNEE LIGAMENT 21.4% 60.0% 18.6% 100% P<0.001 P=0.009 P=0.378 P=0.163 P=0.766 MENISCUS INJURY PATELLAR LUXATION 15 27 12 54 27.8% 50.0% 22.2% 100% 0 10 10 20 0.0% 50.0% 50.0% 100% P=0.079 P=0.766
DISCUSSION Our results suggest that ankle sprains were found to be the most common injury affecting basketball players. Furthermore, a more supinated foot posture was related to the prevalence of patellar tendinitis. Regarding the player s position, the centre position was the most affected by lower limb injuries, followed by the forward-centre, the shooting guard and the guards.
DISCUSSION The most frequent injuries in basketball players Anatomical localization in the lower limb Number (AEMB) % (AEMB) Number Our Study Injuries in lower limb 130 506 % Our Study Thigh 6 4,61% Knee 40 30,76% 236 46,64% Ankle/foot 84 64,61% 270 53,35% Liga profesional de Baloncesto Española. Tomado de Protocolo lesional A.E.M.B (Asociación Española de Médicos de Baloncesto) The most frequent injuries in basketball players Type of injuries INCIDENCE (%) (Marqueta, 1998) INCIDENCE (%) (Our study) ANKLE SPRAIN 90 % 95% PATELLAR CHONDROMALACIA 45,5 % 58,2% SPRAIN LATERAL KNEE LIGAMENT 20 % 25,5% PLANTAR FASCIITIS 25,3% 38,3% MENISCUS INJURY 20,2 % 22,7%
DISCUSSION Injuries in comparison with other sports SPORTS INCIDENCE Basketball 998 Handball 814 Volleyball 548 Field Hockey 528 Martial Arts 388 Baseball 387 Track and Field 295 Badminton 204 (Backs, 1991)
DISCUSION COMPARISON OF FOOT POSTURE AND OTHER SPORTS Autor Sample FPI SCORE Our study N=220 2.66 ± 3.14 (Redmond, 2008) (n=1648) 2.4 (Teyhen, 2011) Runner (n=1000) 3.4 ± 2.9 (Burns, 2005) Triathletes (n=131) 5.1 ± 3.9 (Cain et al., 2007) Indoor Football player (n=76) 5.3 ± 2.9
CONCLUSIONS The most common injuries in basketball players were ankle sprains, followed by patellar tendinitis. This pathology occurs more frequently in supinated and pronated feet, rather than those with a neutral posture. In basketball players, guards and shooting guards tend to present supination, while forwards and centres are neutral/pronated
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