40 th Gas-Lift Workshop Houston, Texas, USA Oct. 23 27, 2017 Considerations for Qualifying Elastomers Used in Artificial Lift Equipment Edward de St. Remey, Sr. Mechanical Engineer, Artificial Lift Shell International Exploration and Production 2017 Gas-Lift Workshop 1
Outline Life Evaluation Statement High-Temperature O-Ring Seal Stack Elastomer Ratings Accelerated Aging High-Pressure Elastomer Selection Rapid Gas Decompression 2017 Gas-Lift Workshop 2
Life Evaluation Statement When we specify an O-ring or support seal, we know it will last forever 2017 Gas-Lift Workshop 3
Temperature, F High-Pressure, High Temperature 600 High Pressure High Temperature Conditions 500 400 300 200 100 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Pressure, Kpsi BSEE Defines HPHT as >350F and/or >15Kpsi 2017 Gas-Lift Workshop 4
Temperature, F High-Pressure, High Temperature 600 High Pressure High Temperature Environment 500 400 300 FFKM - Kalrez FKM - Viton EPDM Nordel 200 100 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Pressure, Kpsi BSEE Defines HPHT as >350F and/or >15Kpsi 2017 Gas-Lift Workshop 5
Gas-Lift Seal Stack Example 2017 Gas-Lift Workshop 6
Life Acceptance Criteria DW Offshore Life Expectancy Range 10 years to 25 years Temperature Range - 150 C (302 F) to 177 C (350 F) Pressure Range - up to 1170 Bar (17,000 psi) 2017 Gas-Lift Workshop 7
Elastomer Selection By Temperature http://ph.parker.com/us/17563/en/perfluorelastomer-80-durometer-o-ring-low-particle-purple-ff376-80 http://www.parker.com/literature/o-ring%20division%20literature/ord%205700.pdf 2017 Gas-Lift Workshop 8
Temperature Aging, A Closer Look http://www.parker.com/literature/o-ring%20division%20literature/ord%205700.pdf 2017 Gas-Lift Workshop 9
Thermal Aging Testing Svante Arrhenius Arrhenius Equation indicating temperature dependence on reaction rates Determine failure rates at high temperature extrapolate to design temperature With rate-limited homogenous processes, for each ~10 C rise in temperature the reaction rate doubles * API TR 6J1, Elastomer Life Estimation Testing Procedures, First Edition, August 2000 2017 Gas-Lift Workshop 10
Life Examples of Accelerated Aging 69 year old truck driver (for 28 years) received more sunlight on his left side, resulting in premature aging 72 year old monk with little sun exposure 2017 Gas-Lift Workshop 11
Elastomer Selection by Pressure It s all about the gap. Wayne Mabry Gas-Lift SME http://www.parker.com/literature/o-ring%20division%20literature/ord%205700.pdf 2017 Gas-Lift Workshop 12
Rapid Gas Decompression (RGD) NORSOK M-710 Inspection of O-Ring NORSOK Standard M-710. Edition 3, September 2014, Qualification of non-metallic materials and manufacturers Polymers, 24 pages. 2017 Gas-Lift Workshop 13
Life Example of Rapid Gas Decompression 2017 Gas-Lift Workshop 14
Conclusions In HPHT Gas-Lift Applications: Verify maximum temperature exposure and time frame of application Verify pressure exposure and limit rate of pressure reduction Verify life of elastomers by performing qualification testing using accelerated aging techniques 2017 Gas-Lift Workshop 15
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