First Aid & CPR
Personal Safety- S.E.T.U.P. Stop - Pause to identify hazards Environment - Consider your surroundings Traffic - Be careful along roadways Unknown hazards - Consider things that are not apparent Protect Self & Person - Use protective barriers
Activating EMS Emergency Medical Services, more commonly known as EMS, is a system that provides emergency medical care. Once it is activated by an incident that causes serious illness or injury, the focus of EMS is emergency medical care of the patient(s). When you suspect a medical emergency has occurred: Call 911 Be prepared to provide basic information about what has occurred, where you are located, and what help you have provided. Hang up, only when directed to. When available send others to meet EMS providers. Provide care until another provider or EMS personnel take over.
Bleeding & Shock Apply Direct Pressure Using gloves, apply firm & direct pressure with an absorbent pad. If blood soaks through pads, apply additional pads over them. Apply Pressure Bandage Wrap roller bandage around injury, incorporate enough pressure to control bleeding. Avoid wrapping too tight, causing tingling and numbness. Manage Shock Provide ongoing care for airway, breathing, & bleeding. Lay flat on ground & maintain normal body temperature.
Choking- Adult Recognize Choking Hands to throat? Ask, "Are you choking?" Position Yourself Get behind person. Arms around waste. Fist above navel and below ribs. Perform Thrusts Quickly thrust inward and upward. Repeat until airway is cleared. If person is pregnant or obese, use chest thrusts instead. Person Becomes Unresponsive Lower gently to the ground. Activate EMS. Perform CPR.
Mechanism of Injury Head, Neck, and Back Instruct person to remain still. Find a comfortable position & use both hands to cradle head. Maintain stabilization until another provider or EMS personnel take over. Swollen, Painful, Deformed Limb Instruct person to keep limb still. Use padding to fill gaps under limb. Find a comfortable position & provide manual stabilization.
Warning Signs for Sudden Illness Recognize Altered mental status. Pain, severe pressure, or discomfort in chest. Breathing difficulty or shortness of breath. Severe abdominal pain. Activate EMS Reassure person. Position for comfort. Assist with medications, when available.
Unresponsive & Breathing Recovery Position (if no other apparent injuries) Check that the area is safe! Verify that the person is unresponsive. Activate EMS! Check that the person is breathing normally. Move near arm up against head, far hand across chest to near cheek, and far leg upright at knee. Roll person until knee and elbow touch ground.
Unresponsive & Not Breathing If you find an adult or teen unresponsive and not breathing (you did not witness them collapse): Check that the area is safe! Verify that the person is unresponsive. Activate EMS! Provide continuous cycles of 30 compressions and 2 rescue breaths. Continue until another provider or EMS personnel take over.
Basic CPR- Adult If you see an adult or teen suddenly collapse Chest Compressions - 30 Position face up, on firm, flat service. Push hard and fast on center of chest. Allow chest to rebound fully. Minimize interruptions and continue until help arrives Note: New protocol does not includes rescue breaths for adults and teen who you witness suddenly collapse.
Child & Infant Child Chest Compressions - 30 1 or 2 hands 1/3 depth or about 2 inches Rescue Breaths - 2 Head tilt, chin lift 1 second, visible chest rise Child Choking - Same as adult Infant Chest Compressions 30 2 fingers 1/3 depth or about 1.5 inches Rescue Breaths - 2 Head tilt, chin lift 1 second, visible chest rise Infant Choking Cycles of 5 back blows and 5 chest thrusts