Survey & Diagnosis of listed fish diseases in the European Community 2009 Niels Jørgen Olesen, Nicole Nicolajsen 14 th Annual Meeting of the National Reference Laboratories for Fish Diseases Aarhus, Denmark, May 27-28, 2010
Survey & Diagnosis of listed fish diseases in the European Community 2009 2 An Annual questionnaire 1. General data 2. Epidemiological data 3. Laboratory data, NRL and regional laboratories 1. NRL and regional laboratories proficiency test, accreditation etc 5. Commercial diagnostic kits and reagents used in the NRL s and regional laboratories in 2009
General data, whole country or region 3 1. Number of fish farms within country/region, according to size of production (tonnes fish/year)? 2. According to fish species 3. Categorisation according to Council Directive 2006/88 4. Number of fish farms surveyed for other diseases 5. Do you have active or passive surveillance for these diseases
Total production of fish in aquaculture in Europe Inlandswaters and Coastalwaters 2000-2008 (http://www.fao.org/figis) 4 Total production of fish in aquaculture in Europe Inlandswaters and Coastalwaters 2000-2008 600.000000 500.000 400.000 Tons 300.000 200.000 100.000 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Year
Total production of fish in aquaculture in European Fresh-, marine-, and brackish waters 2000-20082008 (http://www.fao.org/figis) 5 Total production of fish in aquaculture in Europe Freshwater, Marine and Brackishwater 2000-2008 1.800.000 1.600.000 1.400.000 1.200.000 Tons 1.000.000 800.000 600.000 400.000 200.000000 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Year
% Distribution of farms according to size 6
Number of fish farms within country/region, according to fish species in the Northern European countries 7 1.2 Number of fish farms within country/region, according to fish species Rainbow trout Atlantic Other Seabream / Other marine Other Carp Eel Flatfish Salmon salmonids Seabass spp. freshwater spp. Total Denmark 316 6 35 6 10 6 8 387 Finland 205 (some hatcheries have also some other salmonids included in other salmonids 100 (some hatcheries have also other salmonids) have also 1 3 Ireland 8 70 7 5 1 2 6 99 Sweden 129 24 30 2 1 186 England and Wales 177 28 128 124 1 3 2 2 14 479 Scotland SW - 8 FW - SW - 251 SW - 3 SW - 269 FW -5 SW -4 SW -3 FW -1 44 FW - 118 FW - 36 FW - 204 Northern Ireland 15 1 4 2 1 23 Iceland 5 13 19 3 10 1 51 Norway All salmonids are reported as Atlanic 996 +256 salmon Included in other marine spp Included in other marine spp 281 1533 Faroe Islands 2 35 37
Number of fish farms within country/region, according to fish 8 species in the Continental European countries 1.2 Number of fish farms within country/region, according to fish species Rainbow trout Atlantic Other Seabream / Other marine Other Carp Eel Flatfish Salmon salmonids Seabass spp. freshwater spp. Total Austria 172 26 158 4 360 Belgium 44 1 40 6 at least registered 6 91 Czech Republic 152 1 102 1283 - - - - 2013 3551 Estonia 15 1 1 4 1 3 25 France Germany 4000 10 145 8648 63 3 1 6 127 13003 Hungary 3 354 4 361 Latvia 20 + 4 (restocking) 1 + 3 (restocking) 5 + 2 (restocking) 40 168+5 (restocking)- there are several species in one farm Lithuania 1 1 3 21 1 19 46 Netherlands 45 1 2 20 3 80 151 Poland 442 2342 2784 Slovakia 49 55 1 105 Switzerland 178-98 - - - - - 24 300
Number of fish farms within country/region, according to fish species in the Mediterranean European countries 9 Rainbow trout Atlantic Salmon 1.2 Number of fish farms within country/region, according to fish species Other salmonids Carp Eel Flatfish Seabream / Other marine Other Seabass spp. freshwater spp. Bulgaria 45 2 129 1 4 181 Cyprus 6 1 6 1 14 Greece 69 4 8 9 328 418 Italy 425 20 33 129 20 627 Portugal 24 2 4 83 113 Romania 126 528 85 739 Slovenia 108 65* sometimes together with rainbow trout Total 108 2 218 Spain 112 7 31 3 22 56 119 37 12 399 Croatia 25 17 1 28 6 77 Turkey 1478 1 47 381 28 5 Albania Bosnia and Herzegovina 28 13 5 2 48
Distribution in categories according to 10 diseases in Europe VHS Category I Category II Category III Category IV Category V IHN Category I Category II Category III ISA Category I Category II Category III Category IV Category V KHV Category I Category II Category III Category IV Category V All Category I Category II Category III Category IV Category V Total VHS 3414 751 6526 9 50 10750 IHN 3547 632 6458 1 36 10674 ISA 6594 73 1396 10 18 8091 KHV 358 200 13035 7 60 13660
Northern European countries 11
Denmark 12 Only Cat I&II II All Category I Category II Category III Category IV Category V Total VHS 294 59 34 0 0 387 IHN 387 0 0 0 0 387 ISA 71 0 0 0 0 71 KHV 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total number of farms 387
Finland 13 No infected, all cat I and few Cat II All Category I Category II Category III Category Category Total IV V VHS 263 9 0 0 0 272 IHN 305 0 0 0 0 305 ISA 305 0 0 0 0 305 KHV 1 0 0 0 0 1 Total number of farms 309
14 Norway ISA most Cat.III All Category I Category II Category III Category Category Total IV V VHS 1248 3 0 1 0 1252 IHN 1252 0 0 0 0 1252 ISA 77 0 1165 10 0 1252 KHV 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total number of farms 1533
Distribution of farms according to categories in Norway VHS IHN Category I Category I Category II Category II Category III Category III Category IV Category IV Category V Category V 15 ISA Category I Category II Category III Category IV Category V
Scotland 16 ISA 29/460 Cat. II All Category I Category II Category III Category Category Total IV V VHS 463 0 0 0 0 463 IHN 421 0 0 0 0 421 ISA 431 29 0 0 0 460 KHV 0 0 5 0 0 5 Total number of farms 473
Continental European countries 17
18 Germany: All Category I Category II Category III Category Category Total IV V VHS 146 59 3654 1 14 3874 IHN 140 58 3634 1 1 3834 ISA 3570 7 99 0 0 3676 KHV 2 21 8242 7 18 8290 Total number of farms 13003
Distribution in categories according to 19 diseases in Germany VHS Category I IHN Category I Category II Category II Category III Category IV Category V Category III Category IV Category V ISA Category I KHV Category I Category II Category II Category III Category IV Category V Category III Category IV Category V
20 France: 9IHNCat V 1 VHS CatV All Category I Category II Category III Category Category Total IV V VHS 303 127 1766 0 1 2197 IHN 306 127 1766 0 9 2208 ISA 192 0 0 0 0 192 KHV 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total number of farms 1970
Mediterranean European countries 21
Italy: 22 ISA: 627 in Cat.I No categorisation of VHS and IHN (awaiting) All Category I Category II Category III Category IV Category V Total VHS IHN ISA 627 0 0 0 0 627 KHV Total number of farms 627
23 Spain: Most farms in Cat.I No infected farms or eradications All Category I Category II Category III Category Category Total IV V VHS 167 8 38 0 0 213 IHN 167 8 36 0 0 211 ISA 408 0 0 0 0 408 KHV 0 0 3 0 0 3 Total number of farms 399
Summary of categorisation Authorisation in good process 24 Several different views on how categorisation shall be performed. Marine/freshwater question for VHS ISA not all cat I? Many farms in Cat III : many farms to be inspected by active surveillance Almost no VHS and IHN infected farms in Europe?? Many de facto infected in Cat III Risk based surveillance not finally implemented yet, no programmes submitted
Countries surveyed for SVC 25 Country Number of fish farms involved Austria 24 (2009) / 62 (2008 & 2009) Bulgaria 103 Cyprus 1 Denmark 6 Finland 1 Germany 426 Greece 8 Hungary 169 Italy 6 farms Latvia 28 Poland 30 Portugal 2 Romania 9 Slovakia 55 Sweden 2 England and Wales 162 Scotland 5 Northern Ireland 2 Croatia 17 Bosnia and Herzegovina 5 1061
Countries surveyed for BKD 26 Number of Country fish farms involved Denmark 49 Finland 80 Germany 167 Greece 73 Slovakia 10 Slovenia 3 Spain 1 Sweden 130 England and Wales 198 Scotland 428 Northern Ireland 10 Croatia 25 Iceland 17 Norway 116 Faroe Islands 37 1344
Countries surveyed for IPN 27 Country Number of fish farms involved Austria 22 (2009) / 78 (2008 & 2009) Bulgaria 36 Czech Republic 93 Denmark 37 Finland 69 Germany 481 Greece 73 Italy 6 f Portugal 28 Romania 21 Slovakia 105 Slovenia 65 Spain 122 Sweden 186 Northern Ireland 10 Croatia 25 Turkey 65 Bosnia and Herzegovina 28 Iceland 15 Norway 130 Faroe Islands 37 1648
Countries surveyed for G.salaris 28 Number of Country fish farms involved 2 Finland hatcheries+ mainly wild samples Spain 1 England and Wales 198 Scotland 66 Northern Ireland 10 Iceland 5 Norway 86 368
Number of fish farms surveyed for the following diseases 29 SVC BKD IPN Gyrodactylus salaris Other
2. Epidemiological data 30 Number of fish farms considered to be infected Number of fish farms with susceptible species that are considered to be free Number of fish farms with susceptible species for which the infection status of the following diseases is unknown:
31 2. Epidemiological data Other fish diseases than VHS, IHN, SVC, KHV or ISA? Is there an increase or decrease in the number of fish farms infected with listed diseases compared to previous years? Is there a general increase or decrease in the severity of infections with listed diseases compared to previous years?
Number of salmonid farms considered to be infected with VHS in Europe 32 Country Total number of farms Positive Belgium 91 3 Bulgaria 181 2 Finland 354 18 Germany 13003 22 Italy 627 192 Netherlands 151 4 Poland 2784 23 Slovakia 105 7 Slovenia 218 7 Norway 281 1
Number of trout farms considered to be infected with IHN in Europe 33 Country Total number of farms Positive Belgium 91 1 Germany 13003 7 Italy 627 176 Netherlands 151 3 Poland 2784 7 Slovenia 218 28
Number of fish farms considered to be infected with KHV in Europe 34 Country Czech Republic Total number of farms Positive 3551 1 Germany 13003 50 Italy 627 10 Poland 2784 46 Slovenia 218 8
Number of fish farms considered to be infected with ISA in Europe 35 Country Total number of farms Positive Scotland 473 7 Norway 1252 10 Faroe Islands 37 21
Distribution of farms with known (blue) and unknown (red) infection status in Europe according to the listed diseases 36 16000 14000 2.2 Number of fish farms with susceptible species 12000 that are considered d to be free of the following 10000 diseases according to national surveillance:2 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 VHS IHN KHV ISA 2.3 Number of fish farms with susceptible species for which the infection status of the following diseases is unknown:
Other diseases problems in Northern European countries 37 Country Fish species Please describe disease or symptoms Denmark Rainbow trout Suspicion of Red mark syndrome Ireland Atlantic salmon PD Sweden Salmonids Flavobacteriosis England and Clinical BKD outbreak on one fish farm in rainbow trout Wales England Scotland Atlantic salmon IPN, CMS, PD, ERM, moritella viscosa, BKD, vibriosis, furunculosis Norway Atlantic salmon Sea lice, PD, IPN, HSMI, CMS Faroe Islands Cod Aeromonas Salmonicida
Other diseases problems in Continental European countries 38 Country Fish species Please describe disease or symptoms Austria Arctic char A. salmonicida Estonia Rainbow trout A. hydrophila Rainbow trout : PKD, ERM, RTFS Germany Rainbow trout and Brook trout Flexibacter sp., Amoebic gill disease, Strawberry disease" (symptomes as observed in 2008; part.: isolation of Flexibacter sp.brook trout: PKD Latvia Cyprinus carpio Bacterial Haemorragic Septicemia (aeromonosis) Netherlands European eel Edwardsiella tarda, EVEX, and EVE: haemorrhages, mortality Slovakia Rainbow trout IPN ( 1 x ) Switzerland Rainbow trout BKD, RTFS, ERM
Other diseases problems in Mediterranean European countries 39 Country Bulgaria Cyprus Greece Fish species Rainbow trout SEABASS, SEABREAM. Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Please describe disease or symptoms A. hydrophila; Y.ruckeri; R.salmoninarum; Myxobolus cerebralis Serious losses due to nodavirus occurred in a marine farm affecting seabass and seabream larvae Nodavirus Italy Rainbow trout Gill disease, lactococcosis, IPN, ERM, PKD, Romania Rainbow trout IPN, furunculosis Spain Rainbow trout RTFS, IPN, Lactoccoccosis Croatia Rainbow trout Furunculosis, RTFS Turkey seabass IPN
40 Northern European countries Is there an increase or decrease in the number of fish farms infected with listed diseases compared to previous years? Denmark Scotland Norway The number of fish farms infected with VHS is 0!. Increase in number of fish farms infected ed with ISAV - 7 Atlantic salmon sites in the Shetland Isles. ISA: Decrease in number of infected farms, from 17 in 2008 to 10 in 2009. VHS: Decrease in number of infected farms, from four in 2008 to one in 2009.
41 Continental European countries Is there an increase or decrease in the number of fish farms infected with listed diseases compared to previous years? Increase in number of KHV-infected farms (2007:18 / 2008:4 / 2009:9) increase in number of IHNV-infected farms (2007:3 / Austria 2008:0 / 2009:1) constant number of VHSV-infected farms (2007:3 / 2008:3 / 2009:3) First year without any VHS or IHN outbreak in salmonid fish Belgium farm, just one outbreak of VHS in a put and take pond. First KHV outbreak in "wild" pond carp Decrease: IPN, Yersinia ruckeri, Mycobacterium marinum and Germany Mycobacterium spp.; Increase of KHV in Saxony Netherlands Increase: 3rd outbreak of IHN in The Netherlands. Poland There is increase of KHV and IHN infected farm, Slovakia Increased of fish farms infected with VHS Switzerland Decrease in positive cases compared to the previous year
42 Mediterranean European countries Is there an increase or decrease in the number of fish farms infected with listed diseases compared to previous years? No
43 Northern European countries Is there a general increase or decrease in the severity of infections with listed diseases compared to previous years? Scotland Increase due to ISA outbreak in 2009.
44 Continental European countries Is there a general increase or decrease in the severity of infections with listed diseases compared to previous years? Austria decrease in severity of KHV-infections; most frequently KHV was detected in clinically healthy Common carps and Koi carps Germany Slovakia Decrease: IPN, Yersinia ruckeri, Mycobacterium marine, Mycobacterium spp. Increased of fish farms infected with VHS
Mediterranean European countries Is there a general increase or decrease in the severity of infections with listed diseases compared to previous years? 45 Italy During the last VHS outbreaks in some occasions the first stage of the disease characterized by lethargy, pigmentation, exopthalmus is not so evident while nervous signs seem to be prevalent and appear very early
No. of samples tested by cell cultivation. Total in Europe = 23001 fish samples 46 4500 4000 3500 No of samp ples 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
47 No of samples tested by PCR or other direct methods without cell cultivation. Total in Europe = 32253 10000 9000 8000 No of samp ples 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0
48 Conclusion Few changes from 2008 to 2009. Production very stable (smal increase) Many countries reported on the new diseases in Dir 2006/88, better understanding di of KHV in carp producing countries ISA outbreaks in Scotland VHS control in Norway VHS increase in Slovenia VHS eradication from Denmark Still significant under-reporting. Categorisation of fish farms in good progress The obligation of authorisation of all fish farms in EU including data on their health status might have improved reporting significantly, but there is still a long way to go.
49 Raw data are not included in folder this year. If interested all data can be retreived from our web site: WWW.CRL-Fish.EU In Surveillance and diagnosis