USDA-ARS Shellfish Aquaculture Research at the Hatfield Marine Science Center Brett R. Dumbauld Ecologist, USDA- ARS
Determining Genetic Diversity and Developing Tools for Genetic Improvement of Oyster Stocks in the Pacific Northwest Objectives 1. Assess the potential for genetic gain, and trade-offs among economically important traits in currently available Pacific oyster germplasm in order to develop a framework for informed decisions regarding alternative breeding stategies. 2. Evaluate and optimize mixed family breeding strategies for Pacific oysters. 3. Identify genetic markers for economically important traits in Pacific oysters to enable marker assisted selection.
Shellfish Breeding and Genetics MBP is the reason USDA-ARS is co-located here at HMSC Vacant geneticist position since 2012 Established a Specific Cooperative Agreement with OSU in 2015 to forward cooperative research to identify genetic factors associated with the expression and reguation of economically important traits in Pacific oysters Initial goals are to examine inheritance and breeding for resistance to ocean acidification and associated factors MBP Cohorts: 1996-2012 Founder Population DABOB DABOB WILLAPA DABOB WILLAPA PIPESTEM WILLAPA DABOB DABOB MIDORI Japan C. gigas NEW KUMAMOTO Japan C. sikamea 1 st Cohort 1 1996 Tomales, Generation CA Willapa, WA PW Sound, AK Cohort 2 1996 PW Sound, AK Cohort 3 1997 Westcott, WA Cohort 4 1997 Sequim, WA Cohort 6 1998 Cohort 13 2002 Dabob, WA J1 2006 Quarantine K1 2008 Quarantine 2 nd Generation Cohort 5 1998 Totten, WA Cohort 7 1999 Tomales, CA Cohort 8 1999 Westcott, WA PW Sound, AK Cohort 9 2000 Totten, WA Cohort 11 2001 PW Sound, AK J2 2007 2008 Yaquina K2 2009 Yaquina 3 rd Generation Cohort 10 2000 Totten, WA Cohort 15 2003 Cohort 16 2003 Westcott, WA Willapa, WA Cohort 14 2002 Totten, WA Westcott, WA Pipestem line 4 th Generation Cohort 17 2004 Cohort 18 2005 Cohort 19 2005 Dabob, WA Cohort 20 2006 Thorndyke, WA Peterson, AK Cohort 21 2006 P4 2008 Yaquina 5 th Generation Cohort 22 2010 Oyster Bay, WA Cohort 23 2011 Oyster Bay, WA Netarts Bay, OR Cohort 24 2012 Netarts Bay
Developing Methods to Improve Survival and Maximize Productivity and Sustainability of Pacific Shellfish Aquaculture Objectives 1. Quantify and model burrowing shrimp and ocean acidification as sources of juvenile shellfish mortality that constrain oyster aquaculture production in West Coast estuaries. 2. Quantify the influence of shellfish aquaculture practices on existing estuarine habitats and quantify utilization of these habitats including shellfish aquaculture by fish and invertebrates at the estuarine landscape scale.
Shellfish Ecology Mud Shrimp (Upogebia pugettensis) Ghost shrimp (Neotrypaea californiensis)
Shrimp Recruitment to PNW Estuaries Neotrypaea californiensis Upogebia pugettensis Change Locations
Estuary Habitats
Quantification of Estuarine Habitats Vegetation Aerial infrared photos in 2005 Ground truthing and mapping in 2006 (4,238 stations) Photo rectification and GIS layers creation Shrimp Sediment Aquaculture Elevation Trimble Pro XR
Habitat Area (ha) % Bay % tideflat Aquaculture oyster clam 4,599 3,876 723 12.8 10.8 2.0 20.3 17.1 3.2 Burrowing shrimp 3,058 8.5 13.5 Eelgrass 4,935 13.8 21.7 Historical 1888 natural cultivated 6,219 3,138 3,081 17.3 8.7 8.6 27.4 13.9 13.6
Dungeness crab English Sole Fish and crabs
Oregon Estuaries and HMSC Provide Great Opportunities for Continued Collaboration Yaquina Bay Estuary (Newport, OR) Hatfield Marine Science Center Yaquina Bay Netarts Bay Tillamook Bay Yaquina Bay - HMSC location Netarts Bay Whiskey Creek hatchery and OA Tillamook and Coos Bays - Extensive shellfish aquaculture and native clam and oyster habitats, inventories and new studies
Thanks!!
Burrowing Shrimp Life History Adult Juvenile Molting Growth Mating Timing of reproduction Egg Recruitment Egg development Postlarvae Stage V Zoea Larval development and dispersal Stage I
Shrimp Larvae found near shore (10nm) decreasing with distance from shore larvae found >10nm in only 6 of 119 samples (~5%)
Nearshore Oceanography in the California Current System Late Spring & Summer Strong upwelling and southward and offshore transport Larvae lost or transported alongshore Fall & Winter + Storms and Reversals Downwelling and northward onshore transport Larvae pushed back towards estuaries to recruit Hickey and Banas 2003
Density of Recruits (number m -2 ) Wind stress, cumulative wind stress, and spring transition dates: data products for Oregon upwelling-related research S. D. Pierce and J. A. Barth OSU College of Earth, Ocean, & Atmospheric Sciences Willapa Bay 100 1993 80 60 1989 40 S 20 2015 1994 2013 2012 0 2002 20082014 2003 2005 2007 20112010 2009 2001 1997 1998 19992000 1996 1995 2004-4.0-3.5-3.0-2.5-2.0-1.5-1.0 Cumulative Northward Transport During Upwelling Period N
Isopod Prevalence Shrimp Density (number m -2 ) 300 Cedar River, Willapa Bay Mud shrimp 250 200 Upogebia Orthione griffenis 150 100 50 0 100 80 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 Orthione 60 40 20 0 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 Year
Metapopulation declines Abundant Collapsed Locally Extinct