Sculptolobus gen. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Braconinae) and two new species from China

Sculptolobus gen. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Braconinae) and two new species from China J.-Q. Yang, C. van Achterberg & J.-H. Chen Sculptolobus gen. nov. (with type species: Sculptolobus sulcifer spec. nov.; Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Braconinae;) and two new species from China are described and illustrated; a key to the species is also included. Jian-quan Yang & Jia-hua Chen, Laboratory of Beneficial Insects, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian, P.R. China jqyang2003@yahoo.com.cn / jhchen34@fjau.edu.cn C. van Achterberg*, Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History (Naturalis), P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. achterberg@naturalis.nnm.nl Introduction Recently, an apparently undescribed genus of the subfamily Braconinae Nees, 1812 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was discovered in China. It has a densely setose mesoscutum, the tarsal claws have a lobe, the ovipositor is slender and the angle between the veins 1-SR and C+SC+R of the fore wing is large and it is placed in the Plesiobracon group (van Achterberg 1983; Quicke 1987, 1988). The very transverse third metasomal tergite (Figs 2, 20) is also similar to that displayed by members of the Chelonogastra group In this group it runs to the genus Syntomernus Enderlein, 1920, because the tarsal claws have an acute lobe (Fig. 10), vein 3-SR of fore wing longer than vein 2-SR (Figs 1, 16), the sixth metasomal tergite is exposed and has an obsolete subapical groove (Fig. 12), the scapus is subtruncate apically (Fig. 6), the scutellum is triangular (Figs 4, 19), the hind tibia narrower than the hind femur (Fig. 5), the fourth metasomal tergite is strongly convex (Fig. 12), the frons is granulate (Figs 8, 17) and the clypeus differentiated from face (Figs 3, 18). Sculptolobus differs by the densely setose and sculptured mesoscutum (Figs 4, 12, 14, 19). The biology of the new genus is unknown, but members of the Plesiobracon group have been reared from Momphidae or Cecidomyiidae galls (Maetô 1991) and from larvae of Hispidae or Gracillariidae, and Syntomernus has been reared from fig syconia (D.L.J. Quicke, unpublished observations in Uganda), and Trigastrotheca Cameron, 1906 is known to predate ant broods (Quicke & Stanton 2005). Material and methods For the recognition of the subfamily Braconinae, see van Achterberg (1990, 1993, 1997), for a key to the genera of Old World Braconinae, see Quicke (1987), and for the terminology used in this paper, see van Achterberg (1988). The EFI photographs are made with an Olympus motorized stereomicroscope SZX12 with AnalySIS Extended Focal Imaging Software.The following acronyms are used for the depositories: LBIF = Laboratory of Beneficial Insects, Fuzhou, Fujian and RMNH = National Museum of Natural History (Naturalis), Leiden. Descriptions Sculptolobus gen. n. Figs 1 15 Type species: Sculptolobus sulcifer spec. n. Description Head granulate dorsally and mesosoma granulaterugulose; scapus moderately robust, apically protruding ventrally (Figs 6, 11) and its inner margin single; frons mainly flat and with a shallow median groove Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 151: 95 101, Figs 1 20. [ISSN 0040 7496]. http://www.nev.nl/tve 2008 Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging. Published 1 June 2008. * Corresponding author

96 Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, volume 151, 2008 1 5 2 4 3 8 9 10 6 7 11 12 Figs 1 12. Sculptolobus sulcifer, female, paratype. 1, Wings; 2, first-third metasomal tergites, dorsal aspect; 3, head, frontal aspect; 4, mesosoma, dorsal aspect; 5, hind leg; 6, scapus and pedicellus, outer lateral aspect; 7, apex of ovipositor, lateral aspect; 8, head, dorsal aspect; 9, apex of antenna; 10, outer hind claw; 11, antenna; 12, habitus, lateral aspect. 1, 5, 11, 12: 1.0 scale-line (= 1.0 mm); 2, 4: 1.1 ; 3, 8: 1.3 ; 6, 7, 9, 10: 2.5.

Yang et al.: Sculptolobus gen. n. from China 97 (Figs 8, 17); eyes glabrous and not emarginate (Figs 3, 18); face smooth but laterally microsculptured, without depression, median ridge or protuberance dorsally (Figs 3, 18); clypeus without a dorsal carina and its ventral carina weak, and slightly depressed (Figs 3, 18); malar suture shallowly impressed; labiomaxillary complex hardly protruding (Fig. 12); labrum concave; pleural sulcus smooth and indistinct; mesosternal sulcus medium-sized and smooth; metapleural flange absent (Fig. 12); antescutal depression absent (Fig. 12); mesoscutum densely setose and sculptured; notauli only anteriorly impressed (Figs 4, 19); scutellar sulcus narrow (Figs 4, 19); metanotum not protruding, without carina; propodeum with distinct branched median carina (Figs 4, 19); propodeal spiracle round, near middle of propodeum and no tubercle near spiracle (Fig. 12); angle between veins 1-SR and C+SC+R about 75 and vein 1-SR slender (Figs 1, 16); vein 1-SR+M of fore wing straight; vein cu-a of fore wing vertical and interstitial (Fig. 1) or postfurcal (Fig. 16); vein m-cu of fore wing parallel to vein 1-M and about 0.6 times as long as vein 1-M (Figs 1, 16); vein CU1b of fore wing moderately reclivous and slender (Figs 1, 16); vein 1-M of fore wing straight; vein 1-R1 of fore wing much longer than pterostigma, ending near apex of wing and distad of apex of vein 3-M (Figs 1, 16); vein 3-CU1 of fore wing slender; vein r of fore wing about equal to width of pterostigma (Figs 1, 16); second submarginal cell of fore wing long, subparallel-sided (Figs 1, 16); vein 2-SR slightly curved; vein 2-SC+R of hind wing longitudinal (Figs 1, 16); vein 1r-m of hind wing short, about equal to vein SC+R1 (Figs 1, 16); hind wing with 1 bristle on vein C+SC+R anterobasally and with 3 hamuli on vein R1; membrane near vein cu-a of hind wing setose; tarsal claws with lobe, setose (Fig. 10); tarsal segments normal and with medium-sized setae apically (Fig. 10); fore tibia with one spur, 0.7 times fore basitarsus; fore tibia setose anteriorly; first metasomal tergite movably joined to second tergite, distinctly sculptured medioposteriorly but without median carina, with a deep mediobasal groove (Figs 2, 20), in lateral view tergite nearly flat basally (Fig. 12), without dorsal carinae, its medial area moderately convex and with rounded sides and lateral areas wide (Figs 2, 20); dorsolateral carinae of first tergite strong; second tergite without a mediobasal area and no median carina or V-shaped area (Fig. 2), but Sculptolobus zoui sp. n. with a small mediobasal area and a week median carina (Fig. 20), maximum width of tergite about 1.5 times its basal width and with distinctly converging sublateral grooves (Figs 2, 20); second metasomal suture deep and crenulate (Figs 2, 20); third tergite 3.7 4.1 times wider than its median length (Figs 2, 20); third-fifth tergites with short shallow anterolateral grooves (Fig. 12); second-sixth tergites with sharp lateral crease; fifth tergite truncate apically (Fig. 12); apex of ovipositor normal, upper valve of ovipositor with small nodus, upper valve somewhat wider than lower valve and lower valve with minute subapical teeth (Fig. 7); length of ovipositor sheath 0.3 0.4 times fore wing; ovipositor sheath normally setose (Fig. 12); hypopygium rather large and acute apically (Fig. 12). Notes Within the Plesiobracon group it appears closest to Trigastrotheca and Kenema van Achterberg, 1983, because of the mesoscutal sculpture, but females of the new genus do not have the apical emargination of the fifth tergite, the second submarginal cell of the fore wing is elongate (Figs 1, 16), the third tergite is much shorter than the second tergite (Figs 2, 20), and the frons has no median carina (Figs 8, 17). The genus Crinibracon Quicke, 1988, shares the very densely and short velvet-like setosity of the mesoscutum and the normal ovipositor, but in this genus the mesoscutum is smooth, the first tergite has a median carina posteriorly, the third tergite is about as long as the second tergite, the second tergite is without converging grooves, the notauli are complete, and the metanotum and propodeum have a complete median carina. Because of these differences to other known genera, the new taxa are placed in a new genus, Sculptolobus gen. n. Etymology From sculptus (Latin for carve ) and lobus (Latin for a rounded protuberance), because of the sculptured mesoscutal lobes. Gender: masculine. Distribution Oriental (China: two species are described here; Thailand and Malaysia), but there are numerous undescribed species (Dr D. L. J. Quicke, pers. comm.). Key to species Sculptolobus 1. Vein cu-a of forewing interstitial (Fig. 1); body mainly black or brownish-black, third and fourth metasomal tergites without brown patches; face without median ridge or protuberance dorsally (Fig. 3); propodeum without smooth depressed areas and lamellate short carinae posterolaterally (Fig. 4); second tergite without mediobasal area and median carina (Fig. 2), sublateral grooves less developed (Fig. 2), second tergite coarsely reticulate (Fig. 2) and third-sixth tergites distinctly longitudinally reticulate-rugose; third

98 Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, volume 151, 2008 13 14 15 Figs 13 15. Sculptolobus sulcifer, female, paratype, extended focus imaging photographs. 13, Habitus, lateral aspect; 14, head and mesoscutum, dorsal aspect; 15, propodeum and metasoma, dorsal aspect. tergite 3.5 3.7 times wider than its median length (Fig. 2); anterolateral areas of thirdsixth tergites smooth (Fig. 2)... S. sulcifer - Vein cu-a of fore wing postfurcal (Fig. 16); body mainly yellow or light yellow, third and fourth metasomal tergites with distinct nearly semicircle brown patches; face with a short mid-longitudinal protuberance dorsally (Fig. 18); propodeum with two smooth depressed areas posterolaterally, wherein with lamellate short carinae (Fig. 19); second tergite with a small mediobasal area and a week median carina (Fig. 20), sublateral grooves more developed (Fig. 20), lateral areas of second tergite (Fig. 20) and third-sixth tergites distinctly weakly sculptured; third tergite 4.1 4.2 times wider than its median length (Fig. 20); anterolateral areas of third-sixth tergites with rugulose punctures (Fig. 20)... S. zoui

Yang et al.: Sculptolobus gen. n. from China 99 Sculptolobus sulcifer sp. n. Figs 1 15 Type material. Holotype, / (LBIF), [China], Fujian, Meihua Mt., 1200 m, 29.ix.1988, Guan Bao-bin. Paratypes, China: (39/; LBIF; 1/ RMNH from Fujian, Guangze, 650 m, 9.viii.2001, Gao Lian-xi), 1/, topotypic, 1200 m, 6.ix.1986, Jiang Ri-zheng; 28/, Fujian, Wuyi Mt., 800 2000 m: 1.v.1981 (1/, Xu Jian-fei; 1/, Liu Yi-hua), 13.vii.1986 (2/, Qiu Le-zhong), 14.vii.1986 (1/, Zhang Hong), 18.vii.1986 (1/, Qiu Le-zhong; 1/, Jiang Ri-zheng), 19.vii.1986 (1/, Qiu Zhi-dan), 25.vii.1986 (1/, Liu Ming-hui; 1/, Qiu Zhi-dan), 29.vii.1986 (1/, Jiang Ri-zheng), 20.vii.1988 (1/, Chen Jian-wen), 27.vii.1988 (1/, Zhang Xiao-bin; 2/, Shen Tian-shun), 28.vii.1988 (1/, Ge Jian-hua), 29.vii.1988 (1/, Guan Bao-bin), 30.vii.1988 (1/, Ge Jian-hua), 5.viii.1988 (1/, Guan Bao-bin), 6.viii.1988 (1/, Zhang Xiao-bin), 11.viii.1988 (1/, Ge Jian-hua), 15.viii.1988 (1/, Zhang Xiao-bin), 18.viii.1988 (2/, Ge Jian-hua), 19.viii.1988 (1/, Chen Jian-wen), 20.viii.1988 (2/, Zhang Xiao-bin), 8.ix.1993 (1/, Zhang Fei-ping); 9/, Fujian, Guangze, 600-800 m, 3.viii.2001 (2/, Chen Qian-jin), 5.viii.2001 (1/, Chen Qian-jin), 7.viii.2001 (1/, Chen Qian-jin), 8.viii. 2001 (1/, Chen Qian-jin), 9.viii.2001 (2/, Gao Lian-xi), 12.viii.2001 (1/, Zou Ming-quan), 1.viii.2002 (1/, Lv Bao-qian); 1/, Hainan, Haikou, 500 m, 9.v.1988, Zou Ming-quan. Holotype female: length of body 2.5 mm, of fore wing 2.7 mm. Head. Antenna with 27 segments, length of third segment 1.1 times fourth segment, third, fourth and penultimate segments 2.8, 2.5 and 1.9 times their maximum width (Figs 6, 11); length of maxillary palp 0.6 times height of head; in dorsal view length of eye twice temple; temples gradually narrowed behind eyes (Fig. 8); OOL:diameter of posterior ocellus:pol = 18:7:8; face without median ridge or protuberance dorsally (Fig. 3), microsculptured laterally, and remainder largely smooth; clypeus smooth; length of malar space 1.2 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.3 times its height; episternal scrobe shallow, round; mesopleuron smooth posteroventrally, and remainder superficially punctate-rugulose; metapleuron superficially pimply with long setae; propodeum mainly punctaterugulose; without smooth depressed areas and lamellate short carinae posterolaterally, mid-longitudinal carina distinctly and strongly and with branches (Fig. 4). Wings. Fore wing: r:3-sr:sr1 = 7:22:34; 2-SR: 3-SR:r-m = 14:22:9; vein cu-a of fore wing interstitial (Fig. 1). Hind wing: M+CU:1-M:1r-m:2-SC+R = 14:34:5:3. Legs. Hind coxa smooth; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 4.9, 9.1 and 5.8 times their maximum width; hind tibial spurs 0.25 and 0.30 times as long as hind basitarsus; tarsal segments slender (Fig. 5). Metasoma. Length of first tergite 0.7 times its apical width, its surface reticulate-rugose medioposteriorly, laterally rugose (Fig. 2); second tergite without mediobasal area and median carina (Fig. 2), converging sublateral grooves distinctly weakly (Fig. 2), surface of second tergite coarsely reticulate (Fig. 2); third tergite 3.7 times wider than its median length (Fig. 2); third-sixth tergites longitudinally reticulaterugose, posteriorly and anterolateral areas smooth (Figs 2, 12); length of ovipositor sheath 0.31 times fore wing. Colour (Fig. 13). Black or brownish-black; head (but stemmaticum and occiput black), pronotum laterally, imaginary course of notauli, mesopleuron dorsally and posteriorly, metapleuron largely, scutellum laterally and posteriorly, tegulum, palpi, legs (but telotarsi dark brown), metasoma laterally and ventrally, third-fifth tergites narrowly apically and sixth and seventh tergites brownish-yellow; setae of mesoscutum yellowish; humeral plate brown; pterostigma, parastigma and veins rather dark brown; wing membrane weakly infuscate. Variation. Paratypes are very similar to the holotype, antenna with 27 28 segments; length of body 2.4 2.8 mm, and of fore wing 2.5 3.0 mm; length of first tergite 0.6 0.7 times its apical width; third tergite 3.5 3.7 times wider than its median length. Distribution. Oriental China (Fujian, Hainan). Sculptolobus zoui sp. n. Figs 16 20 Type material. Holotype, / (LBIF), [China], Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, 650 m, 16.ix.1988, Yang Jian-quan. Paratypes (1 /; LBIF), [China], Hainan, Haikou, 500 m, 7.v.1988, Zou Ming-quan. Holotype female: length of body 2.7 mm, of fore wing 2.5 mm. Head. Antennae with 28 segments; third segment as long as fourth segment, third, fourth and penultimate segments 2.6, 2.4 and 2.0 times their maximum width; length of maxillary palp 0.7 times height of head; in dorsal view length of eye 1.9 times temple (Fig. 17); temples gradually narrowed behind

100 Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, volume 151, 2008 16 17 18 19 20 Figs 16 20. Sculptolobus zoui, female, holotype. 16, Wings; 17, head, dorsal aspect; 18, head, frontal aspect; 19, mesosoma, dorsal aspect; 20, first-third metasomal tergites, dorsal aspect. 16, 19, 20: 1.0 scale-line (= 1.0 mm); 17, 18: 1.3.

Yang et al.: Sculptolobus gen. n. from China 101 eyes (Fig. 17); OOL:diameter of posterior ocellus: POL = 9:4:5; face 1.6 times wider than high, with a short mid-longitudinal protuberance dorsally (Fig. 18), microsculptured laterally, and remainder largely smooth; clypeus smooth; length of malar space 1.8 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.4 times its height; episternal scrobe shallow, round; mesopleuron smooth posteroventrally, and remainder superficially punctate-rugulose; metapleuron superficially pimply and with long setae; propodeum largely punctaterugulose, but with two smooth depressed areas posterolaterally, wherein with lamellate short carinae, mid-longitudinal carina distinctly and strongly and with branches (Fig. 19). Wings. Fore wing: r:3-sr:sr1 = 7:17:30; 2-SR: 3-SR:r-m = 11:17:7; vein cu-a of forewing postfurcal (Fig. 16). Hind wing: M+CU:1-M:1r-m:2-SC+R = 10:21:7:10. Legs. Hind coxa smooth; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 5.0, 8.7 and 6.0 times their maximum width; hind tibial spurs 0.20 and 0.30 times as long as hind basitarsus; tarsal segments slender. Metasoma. Length of first tergite 0.6 times its apical width, its surface reticulate-rugose medioposteriorly, laterally rugose (Fig. 20); second tergite with a small mediobasal area and a week median carina (Fig. 20), distinctly converging sublateral grooves stronger than S. sulcifer (Fig. 20), area within sublateral grooves coarsely reticulate, the rest areas longitudinally reticulate-rugulose (Fig. 20); third tergite 4.1 times wider than its median length (Fig. 20); third-sixth tergites longitudinally reticulate-rugulose (but median areas of third and fourth tergites strongly longitudinally reticulate-rugose), posteriorly smooth and anterolateral areas with rugulose punctures (Fig. 20); length of ovipositor sheath 0.4 times fore wing. Colour. Yellow; antenna yellowish-brown; stemmaticum dark brown; mesosoma reddish brown; middle and hind tarsi and claws brown; median area of third and fourth metasomal tergite with a nearly semicircle brown patch (Fig. 20), respectively, which almost reaching posterior margin of the tergite; ovipositor sheath reddish brown; setae of mesoscutum yellowish; pterostigma, parastigma and veins rather dark brown; wing membrane weakly infuscate. Variation. Paratype is very similar to the holotype, length of body 2.6 mm, of fore wing 2.7 mm; body light yellow; antennae brownish yellow; stemmaticum reddish-brown. Distribution. Oriental China (Yunnan, Hainan). Notes. The species is named after the collector of the paratype, Mr. Ming-quan Zou. Acknowledgements The second author wishes to thank the authorities of the Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University at Fuzhou for the hospitality during his short stay at Fuzhou in September 2005. References Achterberg, C. van, 1983. Six new genera of Braconinae from the Afrotropical Region (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 126: 175 202. Achterberg, C. van, 1988. Revision of the subfamily Blacinae Foerster (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden 249: 1 324. Achterberg, C. van, 1990. Illustrated key to the subfamilies of the Holarctic Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea). Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden 64: 1 20. Achterberg, C. van, 1993. Illustrated key to the subfamilies of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden 283: 1 189. Achterberg, C. van, 1997. Braconidae. An illustrated key to all subfamilies. ETI World Biodiversity Database CD-ROM Series. Maetô, K., 1991. Braconid parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the gall-making Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) in Japan. Japanese Journal of Entomology 59: 295 313. Quicke, D. L. J., 1987. The Old World genera of braconine wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Journal of Natural History 21: 43 157. Quicke, D. L. J., 1988. Four new genera of the Plesiobracon Cameron group (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Braconinae). Zoologica Scripta 17: 411 418. Quicke, D. L. J. & M. L. Stanton, 2005. Trigastrotheca laikipiensis n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): A new species of brood parasitic wasp that attacks foundress queens of three coexisting acacia-ant species in Kenya. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 14: 182 190. Received: 13 April 2007 Accepted: 11 September 2007