Department of Biology Work Sheet Respiratory system 1. Name the following : i. A muscular sheet separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities. ii. A respiratory tube supported by cartilaginous rings. iii. The protective covering of lungs. iv. The exchange of gases between the blood and the air at the respiratory surface. v. The flap-like structure which closes over the glottis during the swallowing of food. vi. One tissue in man's body where anaerobic respiration takes place. vii. Cells that remove dust particle in the trachea. viii. The air left in the lungs after expiration. ix. The condition in which the oxygen supply to the respiratory system is cut off. x. The part of the brain where respiratory centre is located. xi. The small amount of air inhaled that remains in the respiratory tract but does not take part in respiration. xii. The minute tubules which end in the alveoli of the lungs. xiii. An unstable bright red compound formed between haemoglobin and oxygen to carry the oxygen xiv. The respiratory pigment contained in human blood. xv. The ultimate end parts of the respiratory passages in mammalian lungs. xvi. The technical term for air breathed in and out during quiet normal breathing. xvii. The kind of animal tissue found lining the respiratory organs. xviii. The structure responsible for preventing food from entering the trachea during swallowing. xix. The structure which helps to increase the volume of the chest cavity lengthwise. xx. The process by which living organisms obtain energy for their life activities. xxi. The cavity in the body in which the human lungs are located. xxii. The muscular folds found in voice box. xxiii. The smallest bronchial branches of the trachea. xxiv. The air sacs situated at the end of bronchioles. xxv. The major respiratory substrate in cell respiration. 2. Differentiate between according to what is given in the bracket: i. i.aerobic and Anaerobic respiration in animals (Products). ii. Shape of diaphragm (Expiration and Inspiration) iii. Dead airspace and Tidal volume (Capacity) iv. Inspired and Expired air (Water vapour). v. Respiration and Breathing (definition) vi. Respiration in plants and animals.(end products) vii. External respiration and Internal respiration.(definition) viii. Aerobic respiration and Anaerobic respiration.(end products) ix. Breathing and Respiration. (site of occurrence) x. Tidal volume and Residual volume.(volume in ml)
6. Define the following: 1. Respiration 2. Tidal volume 3. Inspiration 4. Asphyxia 5. Ventilation of lungs. 7. State the role of the following: i. Epiglottis ii. Cartilagenous rings of trachea iii. Diaphragm iv. Mucus membrane inside the nasal passage v. Pleura vi. Pleural fluid vii. Larynx viii. Inter-costal muscle ix. Alveoli. x. Pleural fluid xi. Nasal chambers 9. Diagram based questions: 1. The figure below rerepresents an apparatus which is used to demonstrate the process of breathing What do the following parts in the diagram represent? a) Balloons (b) Rubber sheet (c) Bell jar. ii. What will happen to the balloons when rubber sheet is pulled down? iii. What is the role of diaphragm in breathing? iv. Which breathing movement is indicated when the rubber sheet is pulled down? 2. The table alongside shows thed ifference between inhaled air and exhaled air: Answer the following questions about exhaled air : Components % Composition of air (i) Why has the oxygen content decreased? Inhaled Exhaled ii. From where has the extra carbon dioxide been Oxygen 20.7 16.4 produced? Carbon 0.04 4.0 (iii) From where has the extra water vapour come dioxide Water from? 1.25 3.99 vapour (iv) Why there is no change in the percentage of Nitrogen 78.0 78.0 nitrogen?
(v) What part does diaphragm play when breathing in? 4. Observe the given diagram and answer the following questions. i. Name the process explained in thegiven diagram. ii. What type of air is present in the bronchiole? iii. What type of blood does pulmonaryartery contain? iv. What type of blood does thepulmonary vein contain? v. Name the corresponding structure found in plants. 5. The diagram below shows the structure the lungs and the thoracic cavity ii) What is the function of part labelled E? ii) Name the two muscular folds found inpart labelled A (iii) What are the smallest branches formed from the part labelled G known as? (iv) Give the functional role of the partlabelled C
5. The diagram below represents the organs of human thorax. Study the diagram and answer these questions: i. A B Identify the phases of breathing represented in the figure A and B? ii. What is dead airspace? iii. Name the muscles which relax in this process. iv. What is the composition of CO2 in expired air? v. What are the positions of diaphragm at the time of inspiration and expiration? 6. The figure below represents an experimental set-up for demonstrating certain aspect of the air breathed in and breathed out. The two valves C and D help to regulate the direction of the flow of air as represented by the arrows: i) There are mistakes at two places to the diagram. Redraw the diagram correctly to eliminate the mistakes. ii) What is the aim of the experiment? iii) Name the liquid contained in the test tube A and B. iv) What would be the observations after the experiment? 7. Explain the following giving reasons a. It is difficult to breathe at high altitude. b. It is advisable to breathe nose and not through the mouth. c. The alveoli are covered with blood capillaries. d. The wall of trachea is supported by 'C' shaped cartilagenous rings. e. Breathing rate increases after a vigorous physical exercise. f. The left lung is smaller than the right lung. g. Man can survive without oxygen for more than a few minutes, although he can live without food for a number of days. Why? ***********
Disease and Hygiene a)define: i. Hygiene vi. Vector ii. Personal hygiene vii. Infection iii. Incubation period viii.triple vaccine iv. Social hygiene ix. Taeniasis v. Immunity x. Epidemic diseases a) Differentiate between i. Epidemic and endemic diseases ii. Pandemic and sporadic diseases iii. Vector and causative germ b) Mention the incubation period, mode of transmission,symptoms and prevention of the following bacterial and viral diseases: i. Tetanus ii. Syphilis iii. Polio iv. Mumps v. Rabies vi. AIDS vii.tuberculosis c) List any three effective methods for controlling i. Mosquitoes ii. Houseflies d) Name the three kinds of mosquitoes and the diseases they transmit. e) Write the full form of AIDS and HIV. f) Name the causative germ of AIDS. How is this disease transmitted? g) Name the causative germ and prevention of the following water borne diseases: i. Cholera ii. Dysentry iii. Hepatitis **********