AP Biology - Zimmerman Guided Reading Chapter 34 1. List the four characteristics of the members of the Phylum Chordata. Name 1. 2. 3. 4. 2. Define the following terms: a. notochord b. Dorsal nerve cord c. Pharyngeal Slits d. Muscular post anal tail 3. Label the diagram below of the generalized chordate 4. Label this embryo with the same terms 1
5. Urochordates also known as? a. They are marine animals. 6. Label the diagram below of a tunicate. Include; adult, larval, pharyngeal slits, Tail, notochord, nerve cord. 7. Lancelets also known as Are feeders which means they: 8. Label the diagram of the lancelet below: 2
Introduction to Vertebrates 9. What is the important difference between a vertebrate and a craniate? 10. Which came first the vertebral column or the cranium? 11. Label the diagram below. It is the formation of the 12. Define the following terms with regard to chordate characteristics. a. sessile b. motile c. paedogenesis d. somites e. tetrapods f. amniotic egg g. agnathans h. allantois i. amnion j. chorion k. yolk sac l. theropod m. ratites n. endothermic o. ectothermic 3
13. Transitional species appear in the fossil record around 14. Label the diagram above of vertebrates 15. Class Myxini Agnathans Hagfish characteristics Has a but retains the 16. Class Cephalaspidomorphi Lampreys 4
17. Fish include two extant (living )groups: whose skeletons are made of C and include S and and O whose skeletons are made of. 18. The Osteichthyes include three subgroups: a.. b.. c.. 19. Label the diagram of the formation of vertebrate jaws above. 20. Class Chondrichthyes have endoskeletons made of flexible: 21. Three methods of birth in sharks are a.. b.. c.. 5
22. Label the following structures on the ray finned fish below; brain, swim bladder, dorsal fin, caudal fin, operculum, gill, heart, lateral line and gonad. 26. Label the parts of the fish circulatory system. 23. How many chambers are there in the fish heart? a. What are they? 24. Endothermic or ectothermic? 25. Internal or external fertilization 6
30. Label the parts of the amphibian circulatory system. 27. The fossil record clearly shows the transition of tetrapods from fish between how long ago? 28. Amphibian Characteristics: a. legs b. Skin or scales c. Breathing mechanisms d. Heart chambers e. What type of fertilization f. What type of eggs 29. What are the three Orders of Amphibians? a.. b.. c.. 7
AMNIOTES 31. What is the Major significance of the Amniotic egg? 32. Please label the parts of the amniotic egg below 33. Describe the function of the parts of the amniotic egg. a. Allantois- b. Amnion- c. Chorion- d. Yolk sac- 34. All amniotes are monophyletic and split into three groups in the early Mesozoic. What are they called? a.. b.. c.. 8
Reptiles 35. What are the reptilian characteristics? a. Skin protection b. Body temperature? c. Breathing d. fertilization e. development f. heart chambers 36. List the different reptile groups Birds 38. Birds are descendants of which dinosaur branch? 37. Label the parts of the reptilian circulatory system 39. Bird characteristics: a. Birds have keratin coverings in the form of scales and. b. Bones are: c. Heart chambers d. Body temperature e. Fertilization f. Development g. Breathing adaptations 9
Feathers are an example of an (p477) which is an adaptation that is used for. 45. Label the parts of the bird circulatory system below: Mammals 40. Mammals were classified by Linnaeus because of their possession of: 41. The ancestor of mammals was among the branch of the reptile family. 42. Label the jaw and ear bones of the reptile (left) and mammal (right). 43. Egg laying mammals characteristics- 44. Pouch mammals characteristics- 10
46. Eutherian Mammals are also known as: 47. What are the major characteristics of the Eutherians? a. Mammals have keratin coverings in the form of and. b. Heart chambers c. Body temperature 49. Label the mammalian circulatory system below: d. Fertilization e. Development f. Breathing adaptations 48. After looking at the Vertebrate Chordates, explain the evolutionary trends in heart development, reproductive strategies 11