DOI:10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2011.05.011 2011 5 121 :1003-2398(2011)05-0082-06 1 2, (1., 710049;2., 710061) STUDY ON DIVISION OF POOR PROVINCES IN CHINA BASED ON THE METHOD OF QUANTITY-FIG HU Fang-xiao 1, WANG Yu-bao 2 (1.School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi' an 710049, China; 2.School of Finance and Economy, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi' an 710061, China) Abstract: Poverty is not only a social problem, but also a severe economic problem and political problem. Poverty exists widely in the different countries and regions, especially in developing countries and backward area. Poverty is a result of the integrated effects of various factors. Dividing the poor area scientifically is helpful to strengthen the direction and the effectiveness of implementing the government poverty alleviation policy and anti-poverty strategy. Based on the overview of the division methods of the poor areas in the domestic and oversea, the Quantity-FIG is used to distinguish the poor and rich provinces. Comparing to the multivariate statistical analysis method, the weighted-factor method, and method of the single index such as the income per capital, the Quantity-FIG has a lot of advantages such as computing more easily, much more testability to the computing outcome, self-revised ability and objectives. So the Chinese poor provinces are determined by using the Quantity-FIG, and in the angle of dynamic analysis and the level of provincial administration. Firstly, the index system of evaluating the power which province is poor is built. We choose the 12 indexes which include the economy, society, culture, education, market system as the indexes of dividing the Chinese poor provinces. Then on the basis of the characteristics and variation of economic and social development in the poor provinces,the reasons of causing poverty in Chinese poor provinces is analyzed and determined. Finally some key measures to get rid of poverty in the poor provinces are put forward. In order to e- liminate the poor, the paper suggests that the poor provinces should: 1) change from the industrial structure of resource economy to high-tech industries and new industries; 2) improve the proportion that the center government gives the fiscal incomes to the subnational government; 3) continue to deepen reform of market system and open up; 4) build the good atmosphere of encouraging innovation and start-up and so on. Key words: Quantity-FIG; poor provinces; regional disparity :,, ;,,,, ;,,,, : ; ; : F061.5 : 2008KR73 07D011Z : A : 1969 : 1968 E-mail wybao@mail.xjtu.edu.cn :2010-12-15; :2011-03-26 82 HUMAN GEOGRAPHY Vol.26.No.5 2011/10
[1] 1 2 [2] 2.1 GDP GDP j j [2] Σ x ij -x j 2 σ j = 1 姨 N x x N j x i 1971 + σ j 4 x - σ j i 4 i j 20 90 [3,4] 2003 [5] 2006 2007 K=1- [6,7] =1- S+T+ S -T i i 2 K K<85% K>85% 1 S T S i [7] 2 T i 2.2 HUMAN GEOGRAPHY Vol.26.No.5 2011/10 83
2011 5 121 1971 X 11 % GNP 7 X 12 5 [8] 1 6 7 11 12 3, 31 2001 2005 2009 3.1 2000 2004 2008 2 2 2000 2008 12 1 GDP 2000 6522.6 2004 10477.3 2008 15421 1 8 2 Tab.1 Index System of the Division of Chinese Poor Provinces 31 2000 2004 2008 3 2 3 K 4 4 2004 K 90% 2000 2008 K 90% 85% X 4 2000 2004 2008 X 9 10 X 10 2000 74.74% 2004 87.6% 2008 84 H I J K!"#$ XÁ GDP L M % XÂ NO XÃ%!ABC D$%E F XÄ% XÅ% XÁÆ& ()* XÇ+,- XÈ.+&/0,-12 XÉ& 10 3456/789: X& 10 345;<=>?@ XÁDG% PF XÁÂQR: HUMAN GEOGRAPHY Vol.26.No.5 2011/10
89% 4 2004 2008 Tab.4 Choosing Availability of the Indexes and 2004 Reliability Test about the Layer of 2008 Economic and Social Development in China K 2000 6 12 30 24 94.5%ÁX 2 2004 2004 4 10 50 26 89.8% 85% 2008 3 12 29 18 93.0% * 2003 2000 30 2004 2000 2000 K 2 2000 2008 371 372 3.2 12 2000 2004 2008 1 2000 2008 6 GDP X 1 X 2 X 7 X 10 8 8 2000 2004 2008 13 X 4 2000 6 2004 4 2008 2008 2004 3 X 6 2004 2000 7 62% 64% X 7 50% 46.1% 10 2008 49.2% 10 X 8 2008 624 S T SÁÂTÁK 2 2000 2008 31 Tab.2 Parameters of Quantity-FIG Used in Chinese Main Economic and Social Indexes in 2000 2008 2000 2004 2008 2000 2004 2008 2000 2004 2008 2000 2004 2008 XÁ10223 16698.7 29518.3 6961.8 11460.1 21807.8 8592.5 14079.4 25663 6522.6 10477.3 15421 XÂ2660.8 3434.3 5637.9 2140.3 2724.9 4543.4 2400.6 3079.6 5090.6 1041 1419 2189 XÃ43.55 34.2 51.93 35.28 26.31 44.48 39.41 30.26 48.2 16.53 15.82 14.9 XÄ84.23 86.6 88.93 80.25 83.04 85.84 82.24 84.82 87.39 7.96 7.12 6.18 XÅ52.43 57.67 63.56 44.85 50.37 56.35 48.64 54.02 59.95 15.16 14.59 14.42 XÆ3883 7566.1 11339 2883.6 6589.7 9975.4 3383.3 7077.9 7106.6 1998.7 1952.8 2727 XÇ1933.5 2582.8 4176.3 1566.6 2043.9 3374.8 1750.1 2313.3 3775.6 733.9 1077.8 1602.9 XÈ205.7 502.7 479.3 155 422 379.9 180.4 462.32 429.6 101.5 161.5 198.8 XÉ492.5 1372.5 2506.1 339 758.9 1922.6 415.8 1065.7 2214.3 306.9 1227.2 1167 XÁ0.076 0.14 0.3211 0.045 0.078 0.1876 0.06 0.11 0.2543 0.062 0.13 0.2668 XÁ0.169 0.104 0.0946 0.139 0.071 0.1379 0.154 0.087 0.1122 0.066 0.066 0.1505 XÁÂ5.9 6.07 7.003 5.72 5.89 6.043 5.81 5.98 6.523 0.342 0.374 1.919 * 2003 2000 30 2004 2008 2002 2006 2006 2007 HUMAN GEOGRAPHY Vol.26.No.5 2011/10 85
2011 5 121 3 ( ) Tab.3 Sliding Spatial Diversity in Chinese Regional Economic and Social Development (Outcomes of the Division of Poor Provinces in China) 2000 2004 2008 " 5 6 10 2 0 12 0 0 12 0 0 11 0 1 12 0 0 12 0 0 10 2 0 12 0 0 11 1 0 10 1 1 10 1 1 9 3 0 10 1 1 9 3 0 9 3 0 9 2 1 8 3 1 9 1 2 7 5 0 7 4 1 8 4 0 7 3 2 7 4 1 6 5 1 5 5 2 4 6 2 4 4 4 5 2 5 " 4 4 4 " 3 9 0 4 6 2 4 3 5 3 5 4 4 5 3 4 2 6 3 4 5 3 3 6! 3 4 5 2 6 4! 2 4 6 2 4 6! 2 4 6 1 5 6 #$ 2 4 6 %& 1 9 2 3 2 7 1 5 6 #$ 0 8 4 #$ 2 1 9 1 7 4 5 2 3 7! 2 0 10 %& 1 5 6 6 ( 2 3 7 1 2 9 5 )* 3 2 7 2 2 8 +, 1 0 11 6 2 3 7 )* 2 1 9 )* 1 3 8 1 1 10 2 0 10-1 0 11! 1 1 10-1 1 10. 1 2 9 / 1 0 11. 1 4 7 %& 0 5 7 ( 1 2 9 0 4 8 01 0 3 9-1 3 8 +, 0 2 10 ( 0 3 9 01 0 2 10! 0 2 10 0 2 10 +, 0 3 9 01 0 2 10 23 0 1 11. 0 4 8 23 0 0 12 / 0 1 11 4 0 2 10 / 0 0 12 4 0 0 12 23 0 1 11 4 0 0 12 78 0 0 12 78 0 0 12 78 0 0 12 341 429 4.412006 9.11 5.26 [9] 6.52 2004 13 X 11 15.69% 8 3 7.83%2008 12.1% 5.73% GDP X 1 2000 GDP 6.6% 34547 2662 2004 GDP 2008 55307 4215 X 10 1/5 2008 73124 8824 GDP 2000 2004 2008 24324 2007 X 12 2000 38608 43605.7 7.35 5.81 4300 7245 4.852002 2002 12983.8 GDP X 1 8.17 5.98 86 HUMAN GEOGRAPHY Vol.26.No.5 2011/10
XÁXÂXÃXÄXÅXÆXÇXÈXÉXÁXÁXÁÂ 5 Tab.5 Population Distribution of the Different Economic and Social Development Indexes of the Poor, the Middle-developed and the Developed Provinces 2000 2004 2008 2000 2004 2008 2000 2004 2008 2000 2004 2008 74 77 76 16 15 17 6 4 3 8 8 8 24 26 18 30 44 49 30 50 29 7 10 8 12 10 12 25 24 24 155 122 144 16 13 15 6 (2008) Tab.6 Average Value of Main Indexes of the Poor, the Middle-developed and the Developed Provinces (2008) 46554.1 8099.9 67 93.7 80.2 14459.7 5805.1 624.1 3379.6 0.67 5.73 9.11 24007.5 4720.2 48.8 88.4 58.4 9838.1 3468 401.5 2179.8 0.18 6.6 6.3 15404 3683 37.9 83.5 49.99 9066 2857 341 1611 0.13 12.1 5.26 25663 5091 48.2 87.4 60.4 10657.2 3775.6 429.5 2214 0.25 8.9 6.52 4 4 [1],I P,. [M].,,. :,1996:2. [2],,. [M]. :,1989:166-170. 1 [3],. [J].,1994,20(6):639-643. [4],,. [J].,2004,(4):22-25. [5]. [J].,2003,23(2):183-186. [6],. [J]. 2 ( ),2007,22(4):102-105. [7]. [J]., 2006,26(1):32-36. [8],,,. [J].,2003,(3):9-18. [9],. 2006 [M]. :,2007:3-6. 3 HUMAN GEOGRAPHY Vol.26.No.5 2011/10 87