3 2 4
5 v.s. GW 65 55 45 35 25 15 4 3 2 5-5 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 211 212 213 214 215 1 Data from: GWEA, IAEA, Photon, Pla4s, 5 1965 197 1975 198 1985 199 1995 2 25 21 7 5, 45, 4, 35, 3, 25, 2, 15, 1, 5, 1954 1959 1964 1969 1974 1979 1984 1989 1994 1999 24 29 214 6 USD ( 7)/Wp 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 USD/Wp 5,8 MW 1.8 MW.6 USD/Wp 1975 198 1985 199 1995 2 25 21 215 5 45 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 (GW) data REN21, Earth Policy Institute, GTM Research
/ 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 () U.S. Solar: 5-8 /kwh Wind: 4.7 /kwh Peru: Chile: Wind: 3.8 /kwh Solar: 4.8 /kwh Solar: 8 /kwh Canada: Wind: 6.6 /kwh Morocco: Wind: 4 /kwh Brazil: Wind: 4.5 /kwh Solar: 8 /kwh Uruguay: Germany: Wind: 6.7-1 /kwh Solar: 9.6 /kwh Egypt: Solar: 9 /kwh Wind: 4 /kwh Jordan: Solar: 6-8 /kwh Turkey: Wind: 7.3 /kwh UAE: Solar: 5.6 /kwh South Africa: Wind: 5 /kwh Solar: 7 /kwh China: Wind: 8-9 /kwh Parts of India: Solar: 6-8 /kwh Wind: 6-1 /kwh, Australia: Wind: 4-7 /kwh 1 1975 198 1985 199 1995 2 25 21 215 Source: WRI The New Climate Economy, BNEF, WB 11 1 IC 16()28(25)TWy 3-4 2-6.3.3-2 1 12
2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 18,9 3,4 199 25,3 4,7 1995 123,8 36, 38,5 6,2 6,6 45,1 45,6 7,7 7,6 56,6 62,5 9,3 1,2 71,6 11,6 88,3 14,2 93,2 94,9 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 211 212 213 214 215 15,1 16,3 14,8 17, 2,4 143,8 23,7 162,5 152,4 25,2 27,4 195,9 Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy www.bmwi.de 13 32,6 5 4 3 2 1 13 EV () 15 Peter Terium CEO/RWE 14 16
17 19 7 6 5 4 GW 3 2 PV Wind Biomass Geotherma l Hydro RPS and Voluntary Net metering Partial FIT (rooftop PV) FIT RE share (%) 15% 14% 13% 12% 11% 1% From centralized monopoly to decentralized community power 1 9% 21 211 212 213 214 18 215 2
21 n 23 グローバル Global Inter regional Framing Framing リスクやコスト Risk / cost ローカル Local 地域の自立 Autonomy Framing 短期 Short term 経済的利益 Economic benefit Framing ( 認識 ) 枠組み Framing 地球温暖化 Global worming 生物多様性 biodiversity エネルギーの持続可能性 Energy sustainability 長期 Long term 22 24
215 64% 4% Nature preservation areas International protection status: International bird protection areas () International habitat protection areas 22 7% 5% 251% 25 27 Housing zone: 4 x total height of turbine Example: 4 (4 15m=6m) 4 x 15 m = 6 meter zone General landscape protection zones Coastal protection zone (3 m) 3m 3m Village church zone (3 m) Ancient cultural heritage zones 1m (1 m) 26 28
Forests Most forests are restricted areas for building projects, incl. wind turbines Zones that are not restrictive for wind turbines are potential areas. Some restrictive zones can be subject to change, such as housing zones. 29 31 Airport safety zones Major roads (highways) Railways Power lines Gas distribution lines Existing wind turbines General () planning Project planning 3 32
33 p p ü ü ü ü ü 35 4/ 5%(GDP) 生活クラブ風車 (212 年秋田県にかほ市 ) の波及効果原子力フリー 二酸化炭素フリーの電力への要求都市部における 地産地消 の限界地位間連携を伴うビジネスモデル 新電力からの電力購入への切り替え 新電力への卸売りを行う風力発電事業者への投資 立地地域との地域間交流 生協 34 生活クラブ風車 電力卸売 電気料金 新電力 366
7 37 39 生活クラブ風車による外部効果 新たな社会的ネットワーク 地域間連携による消費財の開発と流通 ただの風車ではない ( にかほ市関係者 ) という認識と信頼 4 8 38
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