1- (a) Fig. 7.1 shows the surface of water in a tank. barrier For Examiner s Use Fig. 7.1 Straight wavefronts are produced at the left-hand end of the tank and travel towards a gap in a barrier. Curved wavefronts travel away from the gap. (i) Name the process that causes the wavefronts to spread out at the gap.... [1] (ii) Suggest a cause of the reduced spacing of the wavefronts to the right of the barrier.... [1] (iii) State how the pattern of wavefronts to the right of the barrier changes when the gap is made narrower.... [1]
Fig. 7.2 shows a wave travelling, in the direction of the arrow, along a rope. For Examiner s Use 2.4 m Fig. 7.2 (i) Explain why the wave shown in Fig. 7.2 is described as a transverse wave.......... [1] (ii) The speed of the wave along the rope is 3.2m/s. Calculate the frequency of the wave. frequency =... [3] [Total: 7]
2- (a) The speed of light in air is known to be 3.0 10 8 m/s. Outline how you would use a refraction experiment to deduce the speed of light in glass. You may draw a diagram if it helps to clarify your answer..................................[4] A tsunami is a giant water wave. It may be caused by an earthquake below the ocean. Waves from a certain tsunami have a wavelength of 1.9 10 5 m and a speed of 240m/s. (i) Calculate the frequency of the tsunami waves. frequency =...[2]
(ii) The shock wave from the earthquake travels at 2.5 10 3 m/s. The centre of the earthquake is 6.0 10 5 m from the coast of a country. Calculate how much warning of the arrival of the tsunami at the coast is given by the earth tremor felt at the coast. warning time =...[4] [Total: 10]
3- Fig. 6.1 shows part of the path of a ray of light PQ travelling in an optical fibre. Q glass P R Fig. 6.1 PQ undergoes total internal reflection at Q. (a) Explain what is meant by total internal reflection, and state the conditions under which it occurs......................... [3] Carefully complete the path of the ray of light, until it reaches the end R of the optical fibre. [2] [Total: 5] 4- (a) A wave passes along the surface of the water in a ripple tank. Describe the motion of a molecule on the surface as the wave passes............. [1]
Fig. 7.1 shows a view from above of water waves approaching a narrow gap in a barrier. The water on both sides of the barrier has the same depth. For Examiner s Use barrier with narrow gap direction of water waves P Fig. 7.1 (i) On Fig. 7.1, sketch the pattern of waves in the region to the right of the barrier. [2] (ii) State the process by which waves arrive at point P to the right of the barrier....... [1] (c) The waves approaching the barrier in Fig. 7.1 have a wavelength of 1.4 cm and travel at a speed of 12cm/s. Calculate the frequency of the waves. frequency =... [2] [Total: 6]
5- Fig. 7.1 shows a scale drawing of plane waves approaching a gap in a barrier. direction of travel of plane waves barrier Fig. 7.1 (a) On Fig. 7.1, draw in the pattern of the waves after they have passed the gap. [3] The waves approaching the barrier have a wavelength of 2.5 cm and a speed of 20 cm/s. Calculate the frequency of the waves. frequency =... [2] (c) State the frequency of the diffracted waves....... [1] [Total: 6]
6 A water wave in a tank travels from a region where the speed of the wave is faster into a region where it is slower. Fig. 6.1 is a one-quarter scale diagram that shows the wavefronts in the region where the speed is faster. faster region wavefronts tank slower region Fig. 6.1 (scale: 1.0 cm represents 4.0 cm) (a) (i) Take measurements from the scale diagram in Fig. 6.1 to determine the wavelength of the water wave as it travels in the faster region. wavelength =... [2] (ii) The speed of the wave in the faster region is 0.39m/s. Calculate the frequency of the wave. frequency =... [2] On Fig. 6.1, draw lines that indicate the positions of the wavefronts of the water wave in the slower region. [2]
(c) State what happens to the frequency of the water wave as it passes into the slower region.......... [1] [Total: 7]
7- (a) Two types of seismic waves are produced by earthquakes. They are called P-waves and S-waves. P-waves are longitudinal and S-waves are transverse. (i) Explain what is meant by the terms longitudinal and transverse. longitudinal...... transverse...... [2] (ii) State another example of 1. a longitudinal wave,... 2. a transverse wave.... [2] (iii) A seismic wave has a speed of 7.2km/ s and a frequency of 30 Hz. Calculate its wavelength. wavelength =...[2]
Fig. 5.1 shows an electric bell ringing in a sealed glass chamber containing air. to vacuum pump bell Fig. 5.1 A student hears the bell ringing. The air is then removed from the chamber. State and explain any change in the sound heard by the student......................[2] [Total: 8]
8- Fig. 7.1 is a drawing of a student s attempt to show the diffraction pattern of water waves that have passed through a narrow gap in a barrier. For Examiner s Use barrier with narrow gap direction of water waves Fig. 7.1 (a) State two things that are wrong with the wave pattern shown to the right of the barrier. 1....... 2....[2] In the space below, sketch the wave pattern when the gap in the barrier is made five times wider. [2] (c) The waves approaching the barrier have a wavelength of 1.2 cm and a frequency of 8.0 Hz. Calculate the speed of the water waves. speed =...[2]
9- Fig. 7.1 shows the parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. v i s i b l e γ- rays and X - rays ultraviolet infrared radio waves Fig. 7.1 (a) Name one type of radiation that has (i) a higher frequency than ultra-violet,... [1] (ii) a longer wavelength than visible light..... [1] Some γ-rays emitted from a radioactive source have a speed in air of 3.0 x 10 8 m/s and a wavelength of 1.0 x 10 12 m. Calculate the frequency of the γ-rays. frequency =. [2] (c) State the approximate speed of infra-red waves in air....... [1]
10- (a) Six different nuclides have nucleon and proton numbers as follows: nuclide nucleon number proton number A 214 84 B 214 85 C 211 84 D 211 86 E 210 82 F 210 83 State which two nuclides are isotopes of the same element.... and... [1] Thorium-232 has a half-life of 1.4 10 10 years. At a particular instant, the activity of a sample of thorium-232 is 120 Bq. (i) Calculate the time taken for the activity of this sample to fall to 15 Bq. time taken...[1] (ii) Explain why, when the activity has become 15 Bq, much of the sample will no longer be thorium-232................[1] (iii) The sample of thorium-232 is used in an experiment in a laboratory. Explain why its activity may be regarded as constant...................[1] [Total: 4]