2017; 5(2): 15-19 E-ISSN: 2347-5129 P-ISSN: 2394-0506 (ICV-Polnd) Impct Vlue: 5.62 (GIF) Impct Fctor: 0.549 IJFAS 2017; 5(2): 15-19 2017 IJFAS www.fisheriesjournl.com Received: 04-01-2017 Accepted: 05-02-2017 Neem M Professor of Zoology, Institute of Pure nd Applied Biology (Zoology Division), Bhuddin Zkriy University, Multn, Pkistn Khn M Institute of Pure nd Applied Biology (Zoology Division), Bhuddin Zkriy University, Multn, Pkistn Ishtiq A Institute of Pure nd Applied Biology (Zoology Division), Bhuddin Zkriy University, Multn, Pkistn Correspondence Prof. Dr. Muhmmd Neem Professor of Zoology, Institute of Pure nd Applied Biology (Zoology Division), Bhuddin Zkriy University, Multn, 60800, Pkistn Length weight, length-length nd condition fctor reltionships of Leo gonius (Hmilton) from Tuns Brrge, River Indus, Pkistn Neem M, Aidi SZA, Khn M, Ishtiq A nd Neem Z Astrct The present work reports the length weight (LWR), length-length (LLR) nd condition fctor reltionships for Leo gonius collected from Tuns Brrge, River Indus, Pkistn. The results of LWR (W = TL ) indicted W = -2.4032 TL 3.29, for L. gonius, representing positive llometric growth pttern. All LWRs nd LLRs nd condition fctor reltionships were found significntly correlted. Fork length nd eye dimeter showed isometric growth pttern with oth totl length nd ody weight; stndrd length, pelvic fin length nd cudl fin width showed the sme pttern only with TL; while hed width nd cudl fin length grew isometriclly with n increse in ody weight of the L. gonius. On the other hnd, hed length, snout length, mouth gp, ody girth, dorsl fin length, pectorl fin length nd nl fin length showed llometric growth with the increse in size of wild cptured L. gonius. Men condition fctor (K) vlue ws found 0.98±0.06 in this study. The results lso showed significnt correltions of wet ody weight nd ll studied lengths of L. gonius with condition fctor. Length length reltionships for Leo gonius were unknown to Fish Bse. The results of this work would e eneficil for sustinle mngement s well s fishery mngers. Keywords: Wild fish, LWR, LLR, condition fctor, growth pttern 1. Introduction Length-weight reltionships (LWRs) cn e used s chrcter for the disprity of txonomic units nd the reltionship chnges with the vrious developmentl events in life such s onset of mturity nd growth (Thoms et l., 2003) [19]. Nevertheless, prmeters in this reltionship my vry temporlly nd/or sptilly for prticulr species, nd require regulr updte nd estimtion for ech popultion seprtely (Ismen et l., 2007) [10]. The length-weight (LWR) nd length-length reltionships (LLR) re lso useful for clcultion of fish stocks nd provide informtion on growth ptterns nd the condition of fish (Ricker, 1968) [17]. Moreover, LWRs nd LLRs re lso useful for conversion purposes when comprisons re mde with literture vlues nd consequently to estimte fish iomss (Ault et l., 2005; Aurto-Oropez et l., 2011) [2, 1]. In ddition, condition fctor (K) is clculted from the reltionship etween the weight of fish nd its length, with the intention of descriing the condition of tht individul fish (Froese, 2006) [6]. Different vlues in K, indicte the degree of food sources vilility, ge nd sex, stte of sexul mturity nd environmentl conditions (Gomiero, 2005) [8]. A freshwter medium sized crp Leo gonius (Hmilton, 1822) (Cypriniformes: Cyprinide) is the common species found in the nturl wters of Pkistn, Indi nd Mynmr (Mirz, 1982) [12]. This species is lso cultured in ponds long with other crp species (Froese nd Puly, 2016) [4]. In the present investigtion, LWRs nd LLRs nd condition fctor reltionships of Leo gonius from Tuns Brrge, River Indus, District Muzffrgrh, southern Punj, Pkistn, were studied. To the est of our knowledge, no estimtes on length length reltionships for this crp species were ever een reported nd thus neither recorded in the glol electronic dt nk on fishes, FishBse (Froese nd Puly, 2016) [4], nor in ntionl nd interntionl literture. ~ 15 ~
2. Mterils nd methods Tuns Brrge (30 42'N 070 50'E) is locted cross the River Indus, District Muzffrgrh, southern Punj, Pkistn, nd ws constructed minly for irrigtion purposes. The rrge lso provides wter to the River Chen through Tuns-Pujnd (TP) Cnl. Tuns Brrge ws designted Rmsr site (site No. 817) in 1996. Beside irrigtion, this site is importnt for commercil fishing. Thirty six fish smples of Leo gonius were cught from the Tuns Brrge, River Indus, District Muzffrgrh, southern Punj, in Septemer, 2015, y employing cst net. Vrious lengths were mesured to the nerest 0.1 cm nd totl wet weight otined t 0.01 g precision fter lotting fish dry on pper towels. The reltionships etween ll ody length prmeters were clculted y the method of lest squres to fit liner regression s: Y = + X (Le Cren, 1951) [11]. Where, Y=vrious ody lengths, X=totl length (TL), ody weight (W), or condition fctor (K) =proportionlity constnt =regression coefficient The reltionship etween length nd weight ws determined y W= TL (Le Cren, 1951) [11]. Where: W=wet ody weight of fish (g) TL=totl length of fish (cm) To estimte the prmeters nd, the logrithm trnsformtion of the eqution ws expressed s: Log W=Log α+ Log TL (Slm et l., 2005) [18]. The fit of the model to the dt ws determined y the coefficient of Person r-squred (r 2 ) nd correltion coefficient (r). Fulton s condition fctors (K) ws clculted ccording to Le Cren (1951) [11] nd Froese (2006) [6] : K=100 W/TL 3 3. Results In this study, Leo gonius of different ody size rnging 18.1-28.5 cm totl length nd 57.00 235.00 g ody weight, were used for the evlution of prmeters of length-weight (LWR) nd length-length reltionships (LLRs) to investigte growth type. Men (±SD) fork length nd stndrd length were recorded 20.46± 0.05 cm nd 18.84±0.05 cm for L. gonius. Rnges nd men vlues (± S.D) of vrious studied length prmeters of L. gonius re provided in Tle 1. LWRs for simple nd log-trnsformed dt for wild L. gonius re plotted s Figure 1 nd 2, respectively. In LWRs, regressions were highly significnt (P < 0.001), with the coefficient of determintion (r 2 ) vlue, 0.974. Slop () vlue in LWRs, more thn 3.00 (= 3.29) in L. gonius showing positive llometric growth. Results of regression nlyses of log trnsformed totl length with log length prmeters for wild L. gonius re provided in Tle 2. All the length length liner regressions were highly significnt (P<0.001) with r vlues rnged from 0.659 to 0.992, except for mouth gp which ws significntly correlted with TL (P < 0.01; r = 0.493). Totl length (TL) ws found isometric ( vlue 1.00 or close to 1.00) with fork length (FL), stndrd length (SL), eye dimeter (ED), pelvic fin length (PvFL) nd cudl fin width (CFW). Hed width (HW), ody girth (BG), dorsl fin length (DFL), pectorl fin length (PtFL), nl fin length (AFL) nd cudl fin length (CFL) showed positive llometric (-vlue more thn 1.00) growth while hed length (HL), snout length (SnL) nd mouth gp (MG) showed negtive llometric (-vlue less thn 1.00) growth with n increse in totl length of wild L. gonius. Regression nlyses of log trnsformed dt of wet weight with different log length prmeters (cm) for wild L. gonius descried highly significnt correltion (P < 0.001) with correltion coefficient (r) vlue rnged 0.516-0.984. Positive llometric growth ws indicted in BG, DFL, PtFL nd AFL with wet weight of wild cptured L. gonius, -vlue eing more thn 0.33. SL, HL, SnL, MG nd CFW showed negtive llometric growth with n increse in ody weight of the fish. However, slope () vlues of regression nlyses of FL, HW, ED nd CFL with wet weight were found very close to 0.33, hence indicting isometric growth (Tle 3). Condition Fctor (K) rnged 0.85-1.12 with men vlue 0.98±0.06 (Tle 1). Descriptive sttistics nd regression prmeters of log condition fctor with different length prmeters for L. gonius re descried in Tle 4. In logtrnsformed dt, FL, HW, SnL, BG nd DFL were found highly correlted (P < 0.001) with condition fctor (K) with correltion coefficient (r) vlue 0.513 to 0.761. Significnt (P < 0.01) correltion ws indicted in TL, SL, HL, PtFL nd PvFL while lest significnt (P < 0.05) in ED, MG, AFL, CFL nd CFW with K-vlue. Tle 1: Rnges nd men vlues (± S.D ) of vrious prmeters of Leo gonius collected from Tuns Brrge, River Indus, Pkistn. Body Mesurements Rnge Men ± S.D Wet ody weight (W) 57.00-235.00 134.17 ± 10.54 Totl length (TL) 18.1-28.5 23.58 ± 0.16 Fork length (FL) 15.5 26 20.46± 0.05 Stndrd length (SL) 14.4-22.5 18.84±0.05 Hed length (HL) 2.8-4.3 3.64±0.05 Hed width (HW) 2-3.8 2.79±0.07 Eye dimeter (ED) 0.7-1.3 1.00±0.08 Snout length (SnL) 0.8-1.6 1.17±0.07 Mouth gp (MG) 0.5-1.4 0.81±0.06 Body girth (BG) 9.2-17.2 12.40±0.10 Dorsl fin length (DFL) 1.9-5.1 4.14±0.08 Pectorl fin length (PtFL) 2.4-4.7 3.54±0.10 Pelvic fin length (PvFL) 2.3-3.9 3.19±0.07 Anl fin length (AFL) 0.9-1.9 1.36±0.06 Cudl fin length (CFL) 3.3 6 4.67±0.07 Cudl fin width (CFW) 3-6.5 4.71±0.07 Condition fctor (K) 0.85-1.12 0.98±0.06 S.D = Stndrd Devition ~ 16 ~
Tle 2: Descriptive sttistics nd regression prmeters of log totl length with log length prmeters for L. gonius collected from Tuns Brrge, River Indus, Pkistn. Eqution 95% CI of 95% CI of r logfl =+ logtl -0.0225 0.95-0.0785 to 0.0335 0.90 to 0.99 0.982*** logsl =+ logtl -0.1421 1.06-0.2400 to -0.0442 0.99 to 1.13 0.992*** log HL = + logtl -0.3374 0.65-0.6370 to -0.0379 0.44 to 0.87 0.722*** log HW = + logtl -1.1214 1.14-1.5032 to -0.7396 0.86 to 1.42 0.819*** log ED = + logtl -1.4294 1.04-1.9021 to -0.9567 0.70 to 1.39 0.725*** log SnL = + logtl -1.0657 0.82-1.5153 to -0.6161 0.50 to 1.15 0.659*** log MG = + logtl 0.9597-0.79 0.2927 to 1.6267-1.28 to -0.30 0.493** log BG = + logtl -0.6916 1.30-1.1399 to -0.2432 0.97 to 1.62 0.810*** log DFL = + logtl -1.8412 1.79-2.3877 to -1.2946 1.39 to 2.19 0.842*** log PtFL = + logtl -1.2471 1.31-1.4791 to -1.0150 1.14 to 1.48 0.937*** log PvFL = + logtl -0.9933 1.09-1.2012 to -0.7855 0.94 to 1.24 0.929*** log AFL = + logtl -1.6757 1.31-2.1113 to -1.2401 1.00 to 1.63 0.822*** log CFL = + logtl -0.9159 1.15-1.2025 to -0.6293 0.95 to 1.36 0.887*** log CFW = + logtl -0.7374 1.03-1.2498 to -0.2250 0.65 to 1.40 0.691*** Cl: confidence intervls, *** P < 0.001, ** p < 0.01 Tle 3: Descriptive sttistics nd regression prmeters of log wet weight with different log length prmeters for L. gonius collected from Tuns Brrge, River Indus, Pkistn. Equtions 95% CI of 95% CI Of r logtl = + logw 0.7287 0.34 0.6839 to 0.7736 0.31 to 0.36 0.968*** logfl =+ logw 0.6392 0.32 0.5963 to 0.6820 0.30 to 0.34 0.984*** logsl=+ logw 0.6821 0.28 0.6428 to 0.7213 0.26 to 0.30 0.982*** loghl =+ logw 0.1447 0.20 0.0072 to 0.2822 0.13 to 0.26 0.726*** loghw =+ logw -0.2953 0.35-0.4625 to 0.1279 0.27 to 0.43 0.838*** loged =+ logw -0.6535 0.31-0.8739 to 0.4330 0.21 to 0.41 0.717*** logsnl =+ logw 0.6821 0.28 0.6428 to 0.7213 0.26 to 0.30 0.982*** logmg =+ logw 0.39806-0.25 0.0951 to 0.7010-0.39 to -0.10 0.516*** logbg =+ log W 0.2088 0.42 0.0342 to 0.3834 0.34 to 0.50 0.869*** logdfl =+ logw -0.5337 0.54-0.7782 to-0.2892 0.43 to 0.66 0.852*** logptfl =+ logw -0.2781 0.39-0.3871 to 0.1692 0.34 to 0.44 0.935*** logpvfl=+ logw -0.1777 0.32-0.2814 to 0.0740 0.27 to 0.37 0.916*** logafl =+ logw -0.6901 0.39-0.8976 to 0.4825 0.29 to 0.49 0.808*** logcfl=+ logw -0.0473 0.34-0.1893 to 0.0947 0.27 to 0.41 0.869*** logcf=+ logw 0.0281 0.30-0.2107 to 0.2670 0.19 to 0.42 0.683*** Tle 4: Descriptive sttistics nd regression prmeters of log condition fctor with different length prmeters for L. gonius collected from Tuns Brrge, River Indus, Pkistn. Equtions 95% CI of 95% CI of r logtl = + logk 1.3775 0.78 1.36192 to 1.3930 0.27 to 1.28 0.472** logfl = + logk 1.3171 0.96 1.3011 to 1.3331 0.44 to 1.48 0.543*** logsl=+ logk 1.2807 0.75 1.2659 to 1.2954 0.28 to 1.24 0.485** loghl = + logk 0.5654 0.612 0.5508 to 0.5800 0.14 to 0.14 0.411** loghw = + logk 0.4531 1.26 0.4325 to 0.4736 0.60 to 1.93 0.551*** loged = + logk 0.0040 0.83-0.0196 to 0.0277 0.07 to 1.60 0.354* logsnl = + logk 0.1393 1.16 0.0568 to 0.0933 0.57 to 1.75 0.563*** logmg = + logk -0.1336-1.03-0.1597 to 0.1076-1.88 to -0.19 0.393* logbg = + logk 1.1059 2.00 1.0876 to 1.1243 1.41 to 2.60 0.761*** logdfl = + logk 0.6239 1.79 0.5917 to 0.6561 0.75 to2.83 0.513*** logptfl = + logk 0.5552 1.14 0.5338 to 0.5766 0.44 to 1.83 0.496** logpvfl= + logk 0.5086 0.84 0.4899 to 0.5273 0.23 to 1.45 0.436** logafl = + logk 0.1349 0.98 0.1086 to 0.1611 0.13 to 1.83 0.373* logcfl= + logk 0.6731 0.81 0.6518 to 0.6944 0.12 to 1.50 0.380* logcfw = + logk 0.6750 0.81 0.6503 to 0.6998 0.01 to 1.61 0.332* * p < 0.05 ~ 17 ~
Fig 1: Length weight reltionship of Leo gonius collected from Tuns Brrge, River Indus, Pkistn. Fig 2: Length weight reltionship for log trnsformed dt of L. gonius collected from Tuns Brrge, River Indus, Pkistn. 4. Discussion Length-weight, length-length nd condition fctor reltionships re importnt in effective mngement of fisheries. The present investigtion revels tht the vlue of coefficient of determintion (r 2 ) for Leo gonius ws found closer to 1.0 (0.974) which indictes high degree of reltionship in LWR. The results of the present study lso ~ 18 ~ indicte tht wild estimted reltionships of LWR hd -vlue within the usul rnge (2.5 3.5) s defined y Froese (1998) [7]. The study lso shows tht the vlue of devites from cue lw s it remins constnt t 3.0 for n idel fish in prticulr environmentl condition. Generlly, fish growth models follow the cue lw, however, some fish species do not conform this lw, ecuse exponent () vlue my e higher or lower thn 3.00. In LWRs of fish, exponent () vlue = 3.00, ssumes tht ody shpe mintins constnt proportion to length (Wetherley nd Gill, 1987) [20]. -vlue, less thn 3.00 shows tht fish ecomes lighter s it grows. In the present study, (3.29) vlue significntly higher from 3.00, indicting positive llometric growth pttern, suggested tht L. gonius ecomes hevier for its length, s it grows in size. To compre our estimtes the log vs grph of LWRs in FishBse ws pplied nd found to e very close to those existing for Leo gonius (Froese, 2006) [6]. Some previous studies (Neem et l., 2011; 2012) [13, 14], reported negtive llometric growth in wild fish from Pkistn. Neem et l., (2012) [15] hs reported = 2.92 in closely relted species of this genus, Leo t, from Hed Pnjnd, Pkistn. While Drs et l. (2010) [3] in their previous study on LWR hs found = 3.46 (positive llometric growth) in Leo gonius from Pkistn. Difference in -vlues cn e ttriuted to the comintion of one or more fctors such s: sex, mturity of the gonds, stomch fullness, helth nd differences in the oserved length rnges of the specimens cught (Wootton, 1998) [21]. According to Ozydin et l. (2007) [16], -vlue unlikely my vry sesonlly, nd even dily, nd etween hitts. However, ll of these were not ccounted in the present study. Reltionships mong different length types in LLRs re of gret importnce for comprtive growth studies (Froese nd Puly, 2000) [5]. Correltion coefficient in LLRs were found significnt in the present study. This is n ccordnce with Hossin (2010) [9] nd Neem et l. (2011) [13] tht ll LLRs were highly correlted. The high vlues of correltion coefficient (r) indicte tht the LLRs re liner over the oserved rnge of vlues. Isometric growth ws oserved in FL, SL, ED, PvFL nd CFW with incresing totl length ( = 1) nd in FL, HW, ED nd CFL with ody weight ( = 0.33) of the fish. This indicted proportionl increse in these length prmeters with n increse in totl length or ody weight. While other studied length prmeters showed llometric growth pttern with incresing ody size of the L. gonius nd hence showed n increse in the sme proportion s fish grows in size. Men condition fctor (K) vlue ws found very close to 1.00 for Leo gonius showing proper environmentl conditions of hitt for this species in Tuns Brrge, River Indus, Pkistn. Neem et l. (2011) [13] documented insignificnt correltion in condition fctor nd totl length, while highly significnt in condition fctor nd weight of htchery rered Tor putitor. However, present study showed significnt correltions of wet ody weight nd ll studied lengths of L. gonius with condition fctor. Vrition etween studies my e due the fct tht the K-vlue is n index reflecting interction etween iotic nd iotic fctors in the physiologicl conditions of fishes. This study represents the first reference on LLRs for Leo gonius sed on the dt in FishBse (Froese nd Puly, 2016) [4]. It is hoped tht this work will support investigtors in future for ecologicl studies nd relile growth estimtion.
5. References 1. Aurto-Oropez O, Erismn B, Gllnd GR, Mscreñs- Osorio I, Sl E, Ezcurr E. Lrge Recovery of Fish Biomss in No-Tke Mrine Reserve. PLoS One. 2011; 6(8). e23601. doi:10.1371/journl.pone.0023601 2. Ault JS, Smith SG, Bohnsck JA. Evlution of verge length s n estimtor of exploittion sttus for the Florid corl reef fish community. ICES J. Mrine Sci. 2005; 62:417-423. doi: 10.1016/j.icesjms.20 04.12.0 01. 3. Drs BA, Nrejo NT, Dyo A. Reltive condition fctor nd length-weight reltionship of crp, Leo gonius (Hmilton) from Keenjhr Lke, District Thtt, Sindh, Pkistn. Sindh University Reserch Journl (Science Series). 2010; 42(2):67-70. 4. Froese R, Puly D. (Editors). FishBse. World Wide We electronic puliction. 2016. www.fishse.org, version (10/2016). 5. Froese R, Puly D. FishBse Concepts, design nd dt sources. ICLARM, Los Bńos, Lgun, Philippines. 2000, 344. 6. Froese R. Cue lw, condition fctor nd weight length reltionship: history, met-nlysis nd recommendtions. Journl of Applied Ichthyology. 2006; 22:241-253. 7. Froese R. Length weight reltionships for 18 less studied fish species. Journl of Applied Ichthyology. 1998; 14:117-118. 8. Gomiero LM, Brg FMS. The condition fctor of fishes from two river sins in So Pulo Ste, Southest of Brzil. 2005. Act Scientie Mring. 2005; 27:73-78. 9. Hossin MY. Morphometric reltionship of Lengthweight nd length-length of four cyprinid smll Indigenous fish species from the Pdm river (NW Bngldesh). Turkish Journl of Fisheries nd Aqutic Sciences. 2010; 10:131-134. 10. Ismen A, Ozen O, Altingc U, Ozekinci U, Ayz A. Weight-length reltionships of 63 fish species in Sros By, Turkey. Journl of Applied Ichthyology. 2007, 1-2. 11. Le Cren ED. The length-weight reltionship nd sesonl cycle in gond weight nd condition in the perch (Perc fluvitilis). Journl of Animl Ecology. 1951; 20:201-219. 12. Mirz MR. A contriution to the fishes of Lhore, Polymer Pulictions Urdu Bzr, Lhore. 1982, 48. 13. Neem M, Slm A, Ashrf M, Khlid M, Ishtiq A. Externl morphometric study of htchery rered mhseer (Tor putitor) in reltion to ody size nd condition fctor. Africn Journl of Biotechnology. 2011; 10(36):7071-7077. 14. Neem M, Zueri A, Hsn Z, Slm A, Khlid M, Khn MJ et l. Length-weight nd length-length reltionships of freshwter wild ctfish Mystus leekeri from Nl Dik, Silkot, Pkistn. Africn J. Biotech. 2012; 11(50):11168-11172. 15. Neem M, Zueri A, Khn NA, Rsool SA, Ismil HF, Qmr A. Some morphometric reltionship trits of Leo t (Hmilton, 1822) from Hed Pnjnd, Pkistn. Africn Jounl of Biotechnology. 2012; 11(88):15465-15468. 16. Ozydin O, Uckun D, Aklin S, Leleici S, Tosunoglu Z. Length weight reltionships of fishes cptured from Izmir By, Centrl Aegen Se. Journl of Applied Ichthyology. 2007; 23:695-696. 17. Ricker WE. Methods for Assessment of Fish Production in Freshwters. IBP Hndook No. 3. Blckwell Scientific Pulictio ns, Oxford nd Edinurgh, UK. 1968. 18. Slm A, Neem M, Kuser S. Weight length nd condition fctor reltionship of freshwter wild Puntius chol from Islmd, Pkistn. Pkistn Journl of Biologicl Sciences. 2005; 8:1112-1114. 19. Thoms J, Venus, Kurup B. Length weight reltionship of some deep se fish inhiting continentl slope eyond 250m depth long west Cost of Indi. Ng World Fish Center Qurt. 2003; 26:17-21. 20. Wetherley AH, Gill HS. The iology of fish growth. Acdemic Press, London. 1987, 1-443. 21. Wootton RJ. Ecology of Teleosts fishes. 2nd edition, Kluwer, Dordrecht. 1998. ~ 19 ~