Stage 2 Stem Project Term 2, 2018 Rocket Design By Willow, Malia and Sofia
Design Brief: Our college is celebrating its 25th birthday and we are wanting to take a photo of all students on the oval. The Federal Aviation Authority is not allowing the use of a drone due to the proximity to the airport and safety concerns. We need to design a rocket which will be able to achieve the highest altitude and trajectory to take a photo. Task: To investigate properties and use of materials in nose cone, bottle shape, fins, parachute to design a functioning rocket
Design Criteria Driving Question: How do we create a water rocket with sustainable features that can be airborne long enough to take a photo of our school community for its 25th anniversary. Design Criteria: Water rocket must 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. have a vertical trajectory be constructed with materials supplied. be airborne long enough to take a photo of students. have fins have a nose cone have a parachute
Fuselage Size and Fuel Load This week we will be investigating the shape, size and amount of fuel used in rockets. You will observe rocket launches and record in the tables data collected. 1. 2. 3. 4. Add fuselage to your glossary and define. Add load to your glossary and define. Watch the video clip on rocket What did you learn from the clip about rocket shape and design? How they built is a very managed way and how the rockets are all built by sustained materials such as metal,iron,glass, and chemicals.
Data Collection - amount of fuel Amount of liquid Distance travelled Ranking 1.25 L 250 ml (20%) 11m 25 3rd 1.25 L 500 ml (40%) 23m 90 1st 1.25 L 750 ml (60%) 14m 10 2nd 1.25 L 1 L (80%) 3m 10 4th What can you conclude about the percentage of liquid from the data? That the heavier the bottle is the less distance it goes and you can use different liquids other than sodas
Data Collection - size of rocket Enter the most effective percentage of fuel to use from findings on previous slide. Amount of liquid Distance travelled Ranking 250 ml 40%-100mL 45 cm 4th 600 ml 40%-240mL 8m 85cm 2nd 1.25 L 40%-500mL 6m 10cm 3rd 2L 40%-800mL 12m 60cm 1st What can you conclude about the bottle sizes from the data? We think that the 2L bottle went the furthest because it had the most amount of water which meant it had more liquid in it so it had more time to go further. We think that the worst bottle was the 250mL because it had the least amount of water so it would not have much time to make it go very far.
OUR TEAM PREDICTION We think that if you put more water in the bottles it will be heavier so it won t go as far as the other bottles. We also think that the 1.25L or the 600mL bottles will be going the furthest. We think if it is over half way or lower it will not go far.
Summary of investigation into fuel and rocket size From the data collected what fuel amount and bottle size will you incorporate into your design? Justify. We think that the 2L bottle will suit the best for our design. We also think that 40% would be the right amount of fuel for our design.
aki m I nd Mr McNeil pumping the bottles Measuring our Fins and how they will go on. he ng t fins lia a a M ia, Sof McNeil launching a rocket
Rocket Fins Use the links and other resources to find out about rocket fins and answer these questions: What is the purpose of rocket fins? The purpose of the rocket fins is so it can have the ability the fly strait, give it the right balance. What is the best shape? 3 sharp triangle,square and clipped delta What materials would be best suited for the job and why? Hard plastic on the inside and hard cardboard on the outside. What properties should this material have? Sharp tips to give great support the the rocket and make it go higher. https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/392-rocket-aerodynamics https://www.apogeerockets.com/education/downloads by/newsletter442.pdf
Finished Team Fins! Foam Cardboard We think that the foam will go the furthest because of the type of material and shape. Plastic
TESTING ROCKETS All our rockets went really well except for our rocket with the cardboard fins which were squared. While launching the rocket one of the fins fell off the rocket which caused the rocket to fall to the ground. FINISHED TESTING The best rocket that we launched was the rocket with the triangle fins which were made out of foam.we think that this was the one that was the best because it went pretty straight while launching, no fins fell off and it went really high. TESTING NOSE CONE Our group had just finished three of our nose cones to go on our rockets. Our three rocket materials were plastic, paper, and foam. Surprisingly the paper nose cone made the rocket go the furthest.
Observation - Fin Shape Test a range of different fin shapes and record the results in the table below. Shape of fin Straight / Vertical Flight Path Triangle Angled or Wobbly Flight Path * square * Clipped delta *
Summary of investigation into the shape of rocket fins From the observations made about the different possible shapes of fins what shape will you be using for your design? We used the triangle shaped fins made out of the material foam.then we used the squared shape for our second rocket with the material cardboard. The cardboard material went pretty well except for when one of the fins fell off. We knew that we needed to add more masking tape. After that we created a fin that was clipped delta which was made out of plastic. That one didn t go as well as the other two rockets!!!
Nose Cone Design Add aerodynamic to your glossary and define. Add drag to your glossary and define One of the most important components you will build for your water rocket is the nose cone. The shape of the nose cone can make the difference between an average performing water rocket and a high performance water rocket. The nose cone design has a profound effect on the amount of aerodynamic drag the rocket has. The less drag, the better the rocket will perform. Of course, the nose cone is also an important component in determining the appearance of your rocket as well. These websites will explain how to build a good looking nose cone that performs great too. https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/392-rocket-aerodynamics http://www.aerospaceweb.org/question/aerodynamics/q0151.shtml
Our finished nose cones!! Our nose cones made out of Plastic Paper and Foam
Observation - Nose Cone Test a range of different nose cones and record the results in the table below. Shape of nose cone Straight / Vertical Flight Path Angled or Wobbly Flight Path Height Ranking Cone made out of paper. * 1st Cone made out of foam. * 2nd Cone made out of plastic. * 3rd
Summary of investigation into the shape of nose cones From the observations made about the different possible shapes of nose cones what shape will you choose for your group s design? Justify We will be using all the same cone shape for our nose cone but we will be using all different materials to try and see which one will be better.
Parachutes Add deployment to your glossary and define. Watch the video - How a parachute works The parachute is an important component in returning your rocket safely back to earth. Go to the web pages below to help you investigate parachute types and designs. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qfoouxyn-pa https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bring-science-home-parachute/
This is our parachute. Time to test!!
Our rocket went the best!!! 14.93 seconds
What are you going to investigate? How high it goes How slow it comes down How straight it goes What do you predict will happen? Why? It will go well because we have a great parachute deployment, great fins and a great nosecone What things (variables) are you going to: Change? Bottle size Measure or observe? Water amount How are you going to keep this test fair? Same water amount Same nose cone Same fins Keep the same? Parachute Fins Nose cone Draw the equipment you will use and show how it will be set up. Water bottle launcher Pump
Filled To 600mL One Bottle Plastic Parachute 4 Fins BABY NASA
3 fins Fabric parachute 2 Bottle rocket Filled to 400mL NASA
Observations - Parachute Test a range of different parachutes and record the results in the table below. A successful landing is a soft landing which has slowed speed Parachute Shape square Opened Correctly * Successful Landing * Time taken in descent 5 sec
Summary of investigation into parachutes From the observations made about the different parachutes, which design will you choose for your group s final rocket? Justify. Our parachute went very well when we tested because the parachute came out but it took about 3 seconds until it came out and landed.
Glossary Fuselage-main body of an aircraft Load-something that is going to be loaded or has already been loaded Aerodynamics-study of how air flows