DFO State of the Salmon Program Environmental Conditions: Informing Salmon Returns in 2019 Sue Grant & Bronwyn MacDonald Developing Tools and Processes to Foster Salmon-Ecosystem integration Contact: Sue.Grant@dfo-mpo.gc.ca Collaboration: DFO Science Ecosystem Science (Eddy Kennedy), Ocean Science (Kim Houston), Stock Assessment Research (John Holmes) Divisions Sport Fishing Institute November 22 2018 Photo: 4 Element Photos S. Kalyn
Canadian Pacific Salmon S. Grant & B. MacDonald, State of the Salmon Program, Salmon Working Group Meeting, Nov 21, 2018
Canadian Pacific Salmon S. Grant & B. MacDonald, State of the Salmon Program, Salmon Working Group Meeting, Nov 21, 2018
Global Temperatures Global Temperatures S. Grant & B. MacDonald, State of the Salmon Program, Salmon Working Group Meeting, Nov 21, 2018 4
1884 Global Temperature Anomalies S. Grant & B. MacDonald, State of the Salmon Program, Salmon Working Group Meeting, Nov 21 2018 Reference period: 1951-1980
1901 Global Temperature Anomalies S. Grant & B. MacDonald, State of the Salmon Program, Salmon Working Group Meeting, Nov 21 2018 Reference period: 1951-1980
1917 Global Temperature Anomalies S. Grant & B. MacDonald, State of the Salmon Program, Salmon Working Group Meeting, Nov 21 2018 Reference period: 1951-1980
1951 Global Temperature Anomalies S. Grant & B. MacDonald, State of the Salmon Program, Salmon Working Group Meeting, Nov 21 2018 Reference period: 1951-1980
1967 Global Temperature Anomalies S. Grant & B. MacDonald, State of the Salmon Program, Salmon Working Group Meeting, Nov 21 2018 Reference period: 1951-1980
1984 Global Temperature Anomalies S. Grant & B. MacDonald, State of the Salmon Program, Salmon Working Group Meeting, November 21, Reference 2018 period: 1951-1980
2000 Global Temperature Anomalies S. Grant & B. MacDonald, State of the Salmon Program, Salmon Working Group Meeting, Nov 21 2018 Reference period: 1951-1980
2015 Global Temperature Anomalies S. Grant & B. MacDonald, State of the Salmon Program, Salmon Working Group Meeting, Nov 21 2018 Reference period: 1951-1980
2016 Global Temperature Anomalies S. Grant & B. MacDonald, State of the Salmon Program, Salmon Working Group Meeting, Nov 21 2018 Reference period: 1951-1980
2017 Global Temperature Anomalies S. Grant & B. MacDonald, State of the Salmon Program, Salmon Working Group Meeting, Nov 21 2018 Reference period: 1951-1980
1880-2017: Global Land & Ocean Temperature Anomalies #1: 2016 (hottest year on record) #2: 2015 #3: 2017 Cooler temperatures Warmer temperatures Reference period: 1901-2000 S. Grant & B. MacDonald, State of the Salmon Program, Salmon Working Group Meeting, Nov 21 2018
Canadian Pacific Salmon S. Grant & B. MacDonald, State of the Salmon Program, Salmon Working Group Meeting, Nov 21 2018
Summer Air Temperatures 2014 2015 2016 Cold Warm Reference period: 1971-2000 S. Grant & B. MacDonald, State of the Salmon Program, Salmon Working Group Meeting, Nov 21 2018
Spawning Migration of Parents of 2018 Returns British Columbia June Snow Pack (Percent of Normal) 2014 (June) 2015 (June) 2016 (May) S. Grant & B. MacDonald, State of the Salmon Program, Salmon Working Group Meeting, Nov 21 2018 18
Warmer summer water temperatures exceeding 18-20 C can negatively influence survival of adult migrating salmon D. Patterson & K. Robinson DFO Environmental Watch Program S. Grant & B. MacDonald, State of the Salmon Program, Salmon Working Group Meeting, Nov 21 2018 Eagle River Sockeye Photo: 4 Element Photos S. Kalyn
Slope Destabilization Loss of forest canopy due to fire, pine beetle and logging has pushed a number of streams over the tipping point and there is considerable loss of stability R.E. Bailey, DFO BC Interior Source: R.E. Bailey
Drought conditions in Skeena/Nass in summer months C. Carr-Harris, DFO Bonaparte River from mid August 2018 Source: C. Parken, DFO
Recent Observations: Early ice off lakes (BC Interior) S. Grant & B. MacDonald, State of the Salmon Program, Salmon Working Group Meeting, Nov 21 2018 DFO Chilko Lake Smolt Fence Fraser Sockeye Stock Assessment
S. Grant & B. MacDonald, State of the Salmon Program, Salmon Working Group Meeting, Nov 21 2018 Recent Observations: Early spring freshet
Recent Observations: Early smolt outmigration S. Grant & B. MacDonald, State of the Salmon Program, Salmon Working Group Meeting, Nov 21 2018 DFO Chilko Lake Smolt Fence Fraser Sockeye Stock Assessment
Canadian Pacific Salmon S. Grant & B. MacDonald, State of the Salmon Program, Salmon Working Group Meeting, Nov 21 2018
Sea-Surface Temperature Anomalies 2012 (Jan-Dec) 2013 (Jan-Dec) 2014 (Jan-June) 2014 (July-Dec) The Blob 2 nd half of 2013 The Blob The Blob Coastal Reference Period from 1981 to 2010 In consultation with J. Boldt, I. Perry, T. Ross, J. King & C. Neville S. Grant & B. MacDonald, State of the Salmon Program, Salmon Working Group Meeting, Nov 21 2018
Sea-Surface Temperature Anomalies 2015 (Jan-June) 2015 (Jul-Dec) 2016 (Jan-June)* 2016 (July-Dec)* The Blob The Blob & El Niño Is the Blob gone? --No it is still at depth La Niña appears briefly & Blob is gone In consultation with J. Boldt, I. Perry, T. Ross, J. King & C. Neville S. Grant & B. MacDonald, State of the Salmon Program, Salmon Working Group Meeting, Nov 21 2018
2017 (Jan-Dec)* 2018 (Aug)* 2018 (Sep)* 2018 (Oct)* Blob is gone Warming again? Bering Sea particularly warm. Warming again? NE Pacific Warm Blob Returns? In consultation with J. Boldt, I. Perry, T. Ross, J. King & C. Neville S. Grant & B. MacDonald, State of the Salmon Program, Salmon Working Group Meeting, Nov 21 2018
Northern Zooplankton Food Quality has deteriorated for salmon that eat zooplankton in recent years Southern Zooplankton Source: M. Galbraith & I. Perry, Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, B.C. S. Grant & B. MacDonald, State of the Salmon Program, Salmon Working Group Meeting, Nov 21 2018
Unusual fish species from southern latitudes observed in coast BC waters Louvar (Luvaris imperialis) Finescale Triggerfish (Balistes polylepis) Pyrosomes in 2017 Pacific Pompano (Peprilus medius) S. Grant & B. MacDonald, State of the Salmon Program, Salmon Working Group Meeting, Nov 21 2018 Source: J. King & I. Perry, DFO, source
Environmental Conditions: Informing Salmon Returns in 2019 Given broadly similar conditions in recent years we may expect similar salmon responses in 2019 Below average survival for many Fraser stocks Coast-wide declines in Chinook; smaller sizes; younger age-at-maturity Greater variability in salmon production Photo: 4 Element Photos S. Kalyn S. Grant & B. MacDonald, State of the Salmon Program, Salmon Working Group Meeting, November 21, 2018 31
DFO Marine J. King C. Neville I. Perry J. Boldt P. Chandler T. Ross DFO Freshwater D. Patterson D. Selbie L. Pon M. Bradford DFO Salmon C. Holt K. Hyatt J. Irvine M. Thiess D. Dobson G. Brown J. Sawada DFO State of Salmon Contributors Carrier Sekani Tribal Council Tl azt en Nation Upper Fraser Fisheries Conservation Alliance Tsilhqot in National Government N Quatqua Fisheries Lil wat First Nations Little Shuswap Indian Band Shuswap Nation Tribal Council / Secwepemc Fisheries Commission AND MANY MORE WE ARE JUST STARTING SO DO NOT HAVE THE COMPLETE LIST OF First Nations and other groups that are contributing. Instream Fisheries Research Inc. DFO, Salmonid Enhancement Program S. Grant & B. MacDonald, State of the Salmon Program, Salmon Working Group Meeting, November 21, 2018 DFO Fraser Area T. Whitehouse K. Benner R. Bailey C. Parken J. Tadey DFO North Coast S. Cox-Rogers C. Carr-Harris I. Winther DFO South Coast W. Luedke P. Van Will DFO Yukon Transboundary N. Millar A. Foos J. Harding Photo: 4 Element Photos S. Kalyn