Proposed Solutions for Traffic Congestion at the Intersection (Crossroad) of Africa Street with Afraa Street, Khartoum State, Sudan Abida Nagi 1, Gofran Shams Eldinn Abdullah 2 and Dr. Abdallah Babikir Abdel Nabi Mustafa 3 1,2 College of Graduate Studies, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Sudan 1 ibrahim.abidadudu@gmail.com and 2 gofranshamsalldeen@gmail.com 3 Department of Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Sudan abdallahmustafa866@gmail.com Publishing Date: January 08, 2017 Abstract The problems of traffic congestion (over crowdedness), and lack of streamlining of traffic at the capital of countries and large metropolitans, considered a major problems, with the challenges that confronts the concerned authorities, and the problem of over crowdedness, happen due to nonadequacy of absorptive capacity of the roads/street, which make it difficult to sucking the traffic flowing, and mostly at the rush (peak) hours. So this paper is aims to identifying and investigation the causes of this problem, by shed a light upon the over traffic crowdedness (jam), by applying to the important intersections at Khartoum state, namely (the intersection of Africa street with Afraa street (Formally: Mamoun Bouhairy). As to determine and state the size of the problem, and find a final solution to this dilemma. Keywords: Traffic Congestion, Intersection of Africa Street with Afraa, Mamoun Bouhairy Street. users and attendees of the roads/streets. Also to consider seriously, by studying and addressing it and to state the causes properly, and to find a solution for this deadly intersections, which witnessed many and frequent accidents, also to put more attention on the roads and street, by improving and rehabilitation it, in order to rise and enhance its absorptive capacity, according to the field studies. 1. Introduction Over crowdedness and congestion, is worst thing that facing the people in their daily life, whether from delaying to their going and back, in addition causes a disturbance, when many cars congestion in the street. The over crowdedness (congestion) is global phenomenon, that a few countries or capitals in the world devoid it, and countries always seek to address it by a various solution. With respect to the intersections (crossroads), there should be a serious attention of it, and the locations form a dangerous to Figure 1: Clarify the Explains astronomer Site Source: searcher. 2. The Methodology of the Study The study is adopted the inductive and descriptive approach, and using a group of computer programs, such as (Google Earth Google Map Auto-CAD). In addition by borrowing some relevant references. 41
3. The Findings of the Study 3.1 The targeted intersection consists of Africa intersection with eastern Afraa Street. (Eastern- Mamoun Bouhairy) (See the figure No. 2). 3.2 The street of Mamoun Bouhairy located at South of Green Square, and in the North direction of Afraa Mall, eastern connected with Obied Khatem Street, and west with Al Sahafa Street. The street started with two tracks, from Al Sahafa Street until its intersect with Africa street, then branched into four tracks, each one with two lane, the width of tarmac part in the intersection is 20 m. With 10 m. to every direction, and 5 m. to every track, and there is an island in the middle with width of 80.m.(See the figure No. 2). 3.3 African Street consists of two directions; every side has two tracks, with width of 3.5 m. (See the figure No. 2). significantly, and this causes an observed traffic congestion, in spite that there is a traffic signal, operated in the period from 2-5: 30 p.m. After that, the traffic returned to its mainstreaming up to 7 p.m. The traffic jam (over crowdedness), happing namely in the track that headed to the area of Green Square, and the exit of the Afraa Mall, which lead to a traffic congestion, lasts around 10 minutes, sometimes there were occurrence of traffic accident, due to overlapping of traffic congestion, starting at the exit of Afraa Mall, and the southern entrance of the Green Square. 5. The Problem of the Study 5.1 There was a track unexploited properly, and using as parking for cars, Rushes, small cars. etc.see the Figure(3) 5.2 The existence of Afraa Mall, and Green Square, leads to increasing the traffic, and created a congestion and traffic congestion in most of the day.see the Figure(4) 5.3 Non- available of adequate parking for the Mall`s customers cars, and Green Square, so that lead to violation to the large parts of the street. See the Figure(5) 5.4 Lack of sidewalks, and traffic signals. 5.5 The outgoing cars of the Mall center cause a disruption of traffic, lasts up to 10 minutes. 5.6 In the evening period car traffic increases dramatically, in the center of the Mall, and Green Square, which lead stoppage of traffic, and occurrence of traffic accidents. 5.7 Lack of parking along side of the street/road. Figure 2: Demonstrates the Parts Intersection 4. The Traffic at the Area of the Study After finalizing the field study to the targeted street, we find that there is a great disparity in the number of cars in its coming and going, and we find the movement of cars increases in the morning period at 8-10 a.m. throughout the week, except the days of Friday and Saturday, and gradually decreasing in the period time from 11-12: 30 in the noon, on the contrary in days of Friday and Saturday is increase Figure 3: Showing the Unexploited Track in the Intersection 42
6. Information Analyzing 6.1. The Significance and Objectives of the Study: The paper aims to study and solving the problem of over crowdedness at one of pivotal intersection at Khartoum State, at intersection of Africa Street with Afraa (East Mamoun Bouhairy) street. 7. The Theoretical Frame of the Study Figure 4: Showing Afraa Mall in the Area of the Study Definition of Intersections (Crossroads): The traffic intersections, defined as the gathering of two street/road or more, and considered as a location for traffic congestion, congestion and accidents. 8. The Types of Intersections (Crossroads): 8.1. Three-legged intersection shaped as (T) or (Y) letters. 8.2. Intersection with four legs and this is common in cities. 8.3. Intersection with multi legs. 8.4. Intersection in shape of circle, such as traffic circle. Figure 5: Showing the Traffic Jam in the Intersection Figure No. 6: Showing the Parking of Cars/Vehicles Inside the Targeted Street 9. Discussion Based on the aforementioned, it is appears that there is a problem of over traffic crowdedness and congestion at the targeted intersection, and through thoroughly studies in all its aspects, the study came out with a findings, suggestions, and recommendations as to find a solution to this problem, which as follow: 1- Activating the non-activated track. See the Figure(7) 2- Solving the problem of exits and entrance of the commercial Mall. 3- Making car parking along side of the northern street. 4- Activate and revive the existing lighting in the street. 5- Making Traffic signal in the street. 6- Making pedestrians crossing (crosswalk). 43
7- To stop the cross traffic between the different tracks, by making a extension for a middle Island in the Mamoun Bouhairy street.see the Figure(9) 8- Expansion Mamoun Bouhairy Street from the west direction of the targeted intersection, as to become in the same size of the street at the eastern part.see the Figure(8) Figure 9: Clarify the Work of the Extension of Middle Island at Mamoun Bouhairy Street Figure 7: Showing the Amendments in the Area of the Study Figure 10: Clarify the Total Separation of Traffic in the Tracks 10. Conclusion Figure 8: Clarify the Horizontal Projection for the Proposal The study found a group of solutions that could reduce jams, and save time and effort.by activating the non-activated track, and solving the problem of exits and entrance of the mall. And it suggests a new car parking along side of the northern street. And it calls to maintain and making lighting and pedestrians crossing in the street. Also it recommends expanding Mamoun Bouhairy Street from the west direction. References [1] Glue (guide) of defects and flaws of tarmac the roads, a suggestion of maintenance. KSA. 44
[2] Abdul Rieda Ibrahim Al Karimy. Evaluating and developing some intersections in Al Hella city, Baghdad, Apr. 2015. [3] Abdallah Babiker, et al, The solution of problems of over crowdedness, and the intersection with Al Tabiya Street. Applied study, publicized in Magazine of Faculty of Engineering, El Neelain University Mar. 2015 [4] Abdullah Babiker, and et al. Solution for over crowdedness at tunnel intersection with Al Tabia Street. A scientific paper. Al Zaeim Al Azhari University, faculty of Engineering. Published in Al Naileen Magazine of engineering faculty, 2015. [5] The strategy of transportation, the dept. of ministry of towns planning, Riyadh, 1997. [6] Abdel Hameed Abel Wahid, Introduction in Urban transport, Qatar University, 1987. [7] Abdul Hameed Abdul Wahid. Introduction in planning of urban transportation, Qatar University, 1987. [8] Abel Hameed Abdel Wahid. Introduction in urban transport planning Qatar University. 1987 [9] Mohamed Tawfiq Salem, The designing of transport and traffic, Dar Al Rateb Al Jamey, 1985. 45