Name: American History 8 ENRICHED Chapter 13: Changes on the Western Frontier Date: Mrs. Bevan Section 1: Cultures Clash on the Prairie, p. 408-419 Homework DUE: I. The Culture of the Plains Indians a. On the Great Plains, some tribes hunted and planted crops while others were. b. The Horse and the Buffalo i. By the 1700s, almost all the tribes on the Great Plains had abandoned their farming villages to. ii. The buffalo provided Native Americans with. Native American uses of the buffalo: c. Family Life i. Men were responsible for ii. Women helped to II. Settlers Push Westward a. Unlike American settlers who believed in personal property, Native Americans believed that. b. The Lure of Silver and Gold i. The prospect of striking it rich. ii. Mining camps were made up of. III. The Government Restricts Native Americans a. In 1834, the federal government had passed an act that b. In the 1850s, the government changed its policy and c. Massacre at Sand Creek i. Colonel John Chivington and his soldiers d. Death on the Bozeman Trail i. Natives were upset because the Bozeman Trial ran right through the ii. At the Battle of the Hundred Slain or the Fetterman Massacre, Crazy Horse and several other warriors iii. According to the Treaty of, the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation. iv. Sitting Bull was a Sioux warrior who killed (see box 410).
IV. Bloody Battles Continue a. Red River War i. The Kiowa and Comanche. ii. General Philip Sheridan gave orders to Fort Laramie Treaty b. Gold Rush i. Miners flooded to the. ii. The Sioux, Cheyenne, and Arapaho. c. Custer s Last Stand i. Led by Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull, about 3,000 Sioux were ready for battle and within an hour,. Chief Joseph (Nez Perce) Geronimo (Apache) V. The Government Supports Assimilation a. Helen Hunt Jackson exposed the government s broken promises in her book b. Assimilation means that Native Americans were expected to c. The Dawes Act i. The aim of the Dawes Act was to. ii. It broke up the reservations and divided the land up giving. Americanization of the Native Americans Dawes Act - Assimilation VI. The Battle of Wounded Knee a. The Ghost Dance was a ritual performed by the Sioux to. b. Wounded Knee i. The U.S. Army rounded up 350 Sioux and forced them to.
ii. The Seventh Cavalry slaughtered. iii. This was the last major battle between the Natives and U.S. Army. VII. Cattle Becomes Big Business a. Vaqueros and Cowboys i. Longhorn cattle were brought to Mexico by the. i. Mexican cowboys, or vaqueros, taught Americans. ii. Cowboys were not in great demand until. b. Growing Demand for Beef i. The demand for beef skyrocketed due to the. c. The Cow Town i. Joseph McCoy built cattle pens, a hotel, and helped survey the. ii. The Chisholm Trail led from. VIII. A Day in the Life of a Cowboy a. A Day s Work i. A cowboy worked. b. Roundup i. During the spring roundup, the cowboy. d. The Long Drive i. The overland transport of the cattle to shipping yards took about. ii. The crew included. ii. Dangers for cowboys included. IX. The End of the Open Range a. The cattle frontier ended because of overgrazing of the land, Rise & Fall of the Cattle Frontier Rise Fall The Cowboy: Myth v. Reality Myth Reality X. Gold Mining a. Although a few miners got rich, most. b. Panning for Gold i. Panning involves c. Sluices and Rockers i. Sluicing involves d. In the Bowels of the Earth i. Miners faced dangers such as. e. Data Files i. Gold-rush towns grew overnight and. ii. An estimated 7,500 people. Major Gold /Silver Discoveries 1848 Sutter s Mill, CA 1858 Pike s Peak, CO 1859 Comstock Lode, NV 1874 Black Hills, SD 1898 Klondike, Alaska/Canada
Section 2: Settling on the Great Plains, p. 420-424 Homework DUE: I. Settlers Move Westward to Farm a. Railroads Open the West i. In the 1860s, the Central Pacific moved eastward from and the Union Pacific moved westward from. ii. They hired. iii. The two companies met at Promontory Point, Utah on May 10,. Railroad Workers Effects of the Transcontinental Railroad b. Government Support for Settlement i. The Homestead Act of 1862 offered ii. Exodusters were. iii. A major land giveaway in attracted thousands of people. Homestead Act The Sooners c. The Closing of the Frontier i. General Henry D. Washburn and Nathaniel P. Langford asked Congress to. ii. In 1872, the government to set up II. Settlers Meet the Challenges of the Plains a. There were many hardships on the Great Plains, such as b. Dugouts and Soddies i. Since trees were scarce, most settlers. ii. A soddy was a home that was made out of. c. Women s Work i. Women worked
d. Technical Support for Farmers i. John Deere invented a. ii. Cyrus McCormick began to. iii. Four inventions that helped tame the prairie included (see box 423) Invention Barbed wire (Joseph Glidden) Reaper (Cyrus McCormick Steel Plow (John Deere) Steel Windmill Purpose e. Agricultural Education i. The Morrill Land Grant Acts of 1862 and 1890 gave ii. The Hatch Act of 1887 established f. Farmers in Debt i. Farmers had to borrow money in order to. ii. Farmers also felt pressure because railroads charged Western farmers Reasons that Settlers Moved West Impact on Native Americans Section 3: Farmers and the Populist Movement, p. 425-429 Homework DUE: I. Farmers Unite to Address Common Problems a. Farmers faced many problems such as. b. Economic Distress i. Greenbacks were paper money that. ii. Retiring the greenbacks meant that farmers who had borrowed money had to iii. At the same time they were receiving. iv. Farmers pushed the government to. Bland-Allison Act (1878) limited silver coinage to $2-$4 mil. per month. Paper money had to be backed by silver/gold. Sherman Silver Purchase Act (1890) The US Treasury must purchase $4.5 mil. oz. of silver a month. Govt. deposited most silver in the US Treasury rather than circulation. Currency Inflation: Deflation:
c. Problems with the Railroads i. Because of a among railroads, prices were very high. d. The Farmers Alliance i. The Grange taught members to ii. Farmers Alliances taught people about II. The Rise and Fall of Populism a. The Populist Party demanded reforms to b. The Populist Party Platform i. Proposed economic reforms 1. Increase in 2. Graduated 3. Federal ii. Proposed governmental reforms 1. 2. 3. iii. They also called for an. c. The Panic of 1893 i. This occurred because ii. Investments declined, and. d. Silver or Gold? (use chart on 428) i. Silverites wanted to use to back our money so there would be money in circulation and prices would. ii. Gold bugs wanted the which means that all money will be backed by and there will be in circulation. e. Bryan and the Cross of Gold i. The two major candidates in the Election of 1896 were. ii. In William Jennings Bryan s Cross of Gold speech he explained that. f. The End of Populism i. In the Election of 1896, William Jennings Bryan lost to. ii. The Populist movement left two powerful legacies: 1. The message that 2. Many of their reforms would be Populist Reforms Enacted in early 1900s