On COLOR HAJIOY A1D DESIG I ITERIOR DECORATIO Submitted to the OREGO ----------------- AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE - - In Partia] Fu] fi]3ment of the Requirements For the Degree of ÌASTER CF SCIECE In HOME ECOOMICS tele /tt- By May 2, ]91
APPROVT: Redacted for privacy Professor In charge of Major Redacted for privacy Head of Bepartnert of Redactéd for privacy Bean of 'choo of Redacted for privacy Chairman - Committee of (raduate 'tudents and Advanced Degrees
OUTL lite I. Aim II. DiscuI3siofl 1. Dining room. a. Desii b. Color 2. Living room. a. Desii b. Co)or 3. "Jood dyes and wafl co3ors. a. Co'oring of 'oods b. Suggested co or harmonies tor wai is. LII. Conc)usion.
COLOR HARMOY AD DESIG I IITERICR DECORATIO. The aim of this thesis is to originate some color schemes, considering the re]ationship between light and color, form and proportions, keeping in mind the princip]e of design, t, demonstrate the application of stains upon fir and oak and for each piece suggesting color harmonies for wafl surfaces to which they could be applied. Two color schemes were originated, one for the dining room, the other for a living room. In both Instances the principles of design; rhythm, balance and riarinony were followed; for their coloring something original and that which was not common place was striven for. In the dining room, the buffet wnich is built in and extends back for three feet, occupies the principa]e place of attraction or Is the center of interest. Above the buffet Is an arch which tends to make the space appear wicer as it takes longer for the eye to travel over a curved surface than a straight one. At both sides of the buffet are panels extending from the floor to the ceiling which divides the wall space into unequal divisions. Equal spaces uniforma)]y placed are uninteresting and have no rhythm. Then to add Interest these side spaces were broken by panels which extend about two-thirds the height of tue wail. At the top is a moulding above which is a wail area, which is plain. At the juncture, where the wall and ceiling meet, Is a cornice, On the opposite
(2) side are French doors opening out of te room into the adjoining room; in one end is a door opening out into the kitchen; in the other re windows which occupy most of the space. The paneling is used the entire distance around the room. For the color scheme orange was selected as a domi- nant tone which is preferable in north rooms and cool climates as it suggests warmth and sunshine. For the walls above the paneling the orange was grayed with blue until it appeared as a gra' orange. Orange was first apolied to the woodwork, then it wa grayed with blue until it became a silver gray, still having a subdued tone of orange. The orange for the draperies was used in a stronger tone; the borders of which are blue green accented with black. For the sheer curtains on the win- dows red orange was used for the principal design and enough blue green its complement to produce an harmonious accent. For this color scheme, a rug with L.lue predomi- nting and the furniture gray In color would be suggested. In the living room the fire place was selected as the center of attraction and designed so that it should occupy the entire space from the floor to the ceiling, leaving a space on both sides for windows. Below the windows are panels horizontal to te floor, at the top are mould- ings to complete the top nd which extend from both sides on around the room. In one end of the room are three windows; below them and on either side are kookc3ses ex-
(3) tending to the picture moulding which divides the wall space into a pleasing division, thus making it much more interestirng; in the opposite end is a door opening out of the room on to a porch. On both sides are windows which re narrower in space for te reason that uniformity of size should be avoided. The color scheme for this room is best suited to a north room but may be used. for a south room as well as the woodwork is grayed green. Green is refreshing and cool and is especially pleasing in south rooms where one gets more or less sunshine. As there are both tones of yellow and green, it gives one tne feeling of hospitality and repose. In the draperies at tewindows, blue is used as a back ground with a design of orange and green, the blue being subordinate arid complementary to the orange. To complete this scheme a rug of brown or gray green is excellent and the furniture stained with mission or fumed oak. For the purpose of originating color harmonies for trie walls both fir nd oak were stained with wood dyes and finished according to the manufactures specifications. The dyes pnnetrate deeply into the wood and when the beauty of the grain has been brought out, the surface of the wood remains unchanged. and do not rub off. are quite satisfactory. The wood dyes dry quickly Johnson's wood dyes were used and Many colors may be obtained by mixing the dyes, two or tore; then by using flemish oak
(4) they may be darkened or by u8in alcahol they become 1ibter In color. The dyes used ehow darker ori the fir than on the oak, for the soft woods absorb the wood dyes more easily. The wood filler was applied afterwrrds, then they were waxed and polished. is applied before the stain it i If the wood filler imposbitle for the stain to penetrate. After the h9rdwoods were stained axid finished it was found that a large percent of the wax and stain could be removed by tle application of denatured alcoho also if the wood is not dark enough in color, a stain diluted with alcohol can be applied over t'ne wax, which will pive a darker color. This cn te easily re- moved it does riot penetrate tne wood. The nicer color- ings were obtained by the combination of two or niore dyes. Dyes were used with oil paints but the procees was slow and unstiefactory. When the wood dye that was mixed with the oil paint was applied it was be8utiful in color- Ing but when exposed to the sunlight the colors faded and nothing remained but a dingy white. Other pieces that were stained with t wood dyes were exposed to the sun- light for two days, and the piece stained with light mahogany wood dye that had been diluted with denatured alcohol was found to have faded to a considerable extent while the others which were silver gray and brown remained unchanged. Both the fir and oak woods for these samples were
(5) kiln dried and air dried for a year. The air dried wood 18 preferable to the kiln dried as it is riot so likely to warp out of shape and the texture is of very much Letter quality. The fir wood absorbs the stain more readily thym the oak, however, the harder parts of both do Liot absorb stain to any great extent. In the fir the tor4e of the color ws influenced by the hard grained parte that failed to abrorb the stains. The fir that is sawed edge grained takes the stain much nore evenly but does not 6how the variations in tones. It is flat and has iore nearly the appearance of oak or other hard woods. The lighter stains on the oak are influenced by the gray coloring in the wood. In the use of dye, the flat wood finish is not entire- ly estief2.ctory on fir 's the fir yellows with age. To secure a smooth polished eurfce the wood should be shel- laced and polished from five to fifteen times uefore it is waxed. These finishes act as a preservitive to te wood. The oak for its gray coloring and hardness is pre- ferable to fir ut taking into consideration the fact that it costa about twice as much as fir, fir is excellent. The wall surfaces are represented here with Beaver board and water color paper wnlch are to form the color harmonies with the stained woods.
(6) The following tables give the colore for the stained woods, combinations if two or nore wood dyes are used, and suggested harmonious colorings for the walls. STAIIED OODS. et I.. II. III. IV. Light brown Ledium brown Browns Orange to red V. Medium red VI. VII. Dark red Gray VIII. Grayed green C '-s Gr e en X. Mcellaneous I. Red II. Blue WALL COLORS III. Creen IV. Yellow to orange V. Grys
- -7- ST I. WOOD DYES: LIGHT BROW. ). P]at wood finish. This harmonizes with ai) the sets, the )ight colora being perferabje. Co)or for wails. Wail color. I. o. 3. delicate pink. " I, I..o. 3. pink and Rreen flowered. Is 'I II. o. 4. light blue. 'g III. o. 3. grayed yellow green. Is III. o.. grayed green. I IV. 1'o. 3. grayed yellow. IV. 1o. 4. light orange. 2. Wood dye: Fumed oak. Wall color. 3et I. o. 3. de]icate pink. Is I. o. 3. pink and green flowered. W II. o. 4. 3 ight blue. I. IS III. o. 3. grayed yellow green. I, II III. o. 5. grayed green. I. IV. o. 3. grayed yellow. 'I W IV. o. 4. light grayed orange. 3. Wood dye; 3 ight oak. Wall color. I. o. 6. red flowered paper. I. I II. o. 4. light blue (grayed). 0 II. tio. 5. gray blue.
-8- Wall color. III. o. 7. blue green. III. III. :o. 8. grayed green. o. 9. grayed green (leaves). IV. o. 6. gray orange. IV. o. 7. golden brown. IS IV. o. 8. green brown. V. Ho. 7. blue gray. V. fio. 3. yellow gray. fumed oak. 4. Wood dyes combined ( light oak. ( brown f) em i sh oak. Wall color. I. o. ô. red flowered paper. III. o. 7. blue green. 't 't III o. 3. grayed green. " IV. o. 7. golden orown. 5. Wood dyes combined fumed oak. fumed oak. 6. Wood dye: Mission oak. Wall o]or. I. o. 6. red flowered paper. III. III. o. 7. blue green. o. 8. grayed green. 't IV. o. 7. golden brown. STET II. WOCT) DYS: MEDIUM BROW. I. Wood dye: dark oak.
-9-2. Wood dyes combined: fumed and flemish oaks. 3. Wood djes comined: fumed and weathered oaks. 4. "load dye: arly English. WAT.L COLORS OR 3, 2, 3, 4. Wall color. IV. o. 8. green brown. IV. IV. o. 10. brown. o. 12. lavender brown. 'I U IV. o. 13. dark brown. 5. Wood dye: ission Oak. Wall col or. IV. o. 13. dark browu. IV. 1o. 14. brown (flowered). I' IV. o. 35. extra dark brown. 6. Wood dye: brown flemish oak. Wall color. IV. o. 13. dark brown. 'I IV. ko. 14. flowered brown. IV. o. 15. extra dark brown. ST III. WOOD DYES: BROWS. 3. Wood dyes combined: fumed, flemish and dark oaks; dark mahogany. Wall color. IV. o. 9. green tan. U IV. o. 10. brown. n u IV. o. 11.. grayed brown.
-30- 'JaIl color. 'et IV. o. 32. lavender brown. IV. o. 13. dark 'orown. " IV. o. 34. brown (flowered). IV. 110. 15. extra dark brown. 2. Wood dyes comoir'ed: dark and flemish oaks; dark mahogany. 3. Wood dyes cbined: same a8 ti. only darker. Wall color. IV. o. 9. green tan. IV. IV. IV. o. JO. brown. o. 11. grayed brown. Io. 32. lavender brawn. 11 IV..Io. 13. dark brown. IV. o. 34. brown (flowered). W H IV. o. 15. extra dark brown. 4. Wood dyes combined: light mahogany and mission oak. 5. Wood dyes combined: light mahogany, light and weather- ed oaks.. Wood dyes comoined: I ight maflogany, I ight and fi emish oaks. Vía)) color. IV. o. 10. brown. s. ts IV. o. II. grayed 'o:own. t, " 1et IV. i'). 12, laven'ier brown.
-13e Wall color. IV. o. 13. aark orown. H IV. Io. 14. brown (flowered). IV. o. i. extra dark orown. SET IV. ORMIG TO R (MAnOGMTY). i. Wood dye: extra dark mahogany, ai)uted. 2. IVood dye: light marlognay, diluted. Color Tor walls. Wail color. I. o. 4. oraxge pink. 'I If II. o. 4. light blue' (grayed)..4 " III. o. 5 to 9, in set of green is harmon ous. 3. Wood dyes combined: i ight oak and i icht mahogany. 4. Wood dyes combined: 3 ight oak, I ight mahogany and fumed oak. 5. Wood ayee combined: light mahogany and fumed oak. 6. Wood dyes combined: light mahogany, flemish oak and light oak. Wall color. 'I WALL "OLORS OR 3, 4, 5, 6. III. 1o. 3]. gray brown. III. 1o. 10. gray brown.
-32- Wai] co3or. V. o. 33. dark gray (flowered). SET V. WOOD DYES: MEDIUM D (MAHOGAÌ'TY). i. Wood dyes combined: fumed oak. ]ight oak and iight mahogany. 2. Wood dye8 combined: i ight oak and i ight mahogany. 3. Sanie as o. 2, darker. 4. Same as o. 2. darker than o. 3.. Wood dyes: mahogany. 6. Wood dyes ccbined: fumed oak and iight mahogany. Color for wa]is. Wa)] color. I. 1o. 6. red flowered paper. II. )avender f]owered. IV. IV. o. )4. brown (flowered). o. 35. extra dark brown. V. o. 13. dark gray (flowered). SET VI. WOOD DYES: DARK BED (MAHOGAY). 3. Wood dyes: dark mahogany. 2. Wood dyes: 3 iht mahogany.
- 3-3. Wood. dyes: extra dark mahogany. 4. Wood dyes: extra dark mahogany. 5. Wood dyes: extra dark mahogany. The 3ighter ones were diluted 'vith alcohol. WALL OLORS OR I 2, 3, 4, 5. 'Vail coior. et I. ìo. 6. red (flowered). 's 's I. o. 7. red. H II I. o. 8. dark red. H si II. lavender. 'I II III. o. 9. gray gren (leaves). I' U III. o. 10. olive green. " III. o. 11. extra dark green. IV. o. 3). grayed brown. IV. o. 12. lavender brown. U '4 IV. o. 13. dark brown. '4 IV. o. 14. brown (f3owerer'). '4 IV. o. 15. dark orown. '4 V. o. 1 3. dark gray (f I owered) ST VII. WOOD DYES: GR\Y. J. Wood dyes: silver gray, waxed, silver gray applied over the wax. Wall c1or. II. lavender flowered paper. II. o. -. light blue.
-14- "ia]) co)or. flet II. o. 5. gray b)ue. 0$ et IV. o. 3. grayed yeflow. " s, PT. o. 5. )ight grayed orange. Is 's IV. fo. b. green brown. s, u T. o. 3. green lavender gray. t, " V, o. 4. lavender gray. y. ro. 6. blue gray. V. fo. 7. blue gray. 2. 1TTood dyes: silver gray (darker). 3. Vfood dyes combined: silver ray and f] ernish oak. WALL COLORS FOR 2 and 3. Via]] color. II. lavender and red flowered paper. II t " s' II. o. 4. 1 ight blue. II. :o. 5. gray blue. 's s IV. o. 3. grayed yellow. 's si t, 'I IV. o. 5. I ight gray orange. IV. 6. gray orange. Is H IV. o. 7. golden brown. It It 't II V. o. 4. lavender gray. V. :r:o. 7. blue gray. 'I I 110. 13. dark gray (flowered). f, ft V. o. 14. dark gray. 4. Wood dye: weathered oc.
* I '7a3] co) or. 'et I. Lo. 2. pink striped. 'I I II. ITo. J. blue striped. II H II. 1:0. 2. lavender blie. 1 $ II. ::o. 4. i-ht b]e. u SI III. o. 2. Light green (grayed). 'I I 1V. o. 3. grayed yeflovv. K ti 'I ti 1V. o. 5. 1iht grayed orange. pr :o. 8. green orown. ;; $ V. i:o. 2. orange gray., ft V. o. 3. green lavender gray. V. 1o. 4. lavender gray. " ret V. ITo. b. b)ue gray. et V. o. 7. b]ue gray. V. o. fl. green gray. u V. o. 32. green gray. 5. 7ood dye: f3ernish oak. (dilited). 1Va]] coior. riet I. ]o. 1. de)icate pink. 1 I I. o. 4. orange. s. H I. o. 6. red (flowered). 'et II. 1.0. 5. gray o1ue. h U 3et IV. Lo. 5. 3 ight grì.yed orange. 'I S Iv. o. 8. gren brown. 'I I et IV. Lo. 9. gren t.fl. 1 U IV. o. fl. grayed brown. 'I $ IV. o. 32. gr.yed brown. u $ IV. o. 14. flowered brown.
-36- Wa3i coior. V. i'o. 6. b]ue gray. Il II V. o. 7. b]ue gray. V. o. 8. ye]low gray. t' V. o. 9. yeflow gray. 'I V. Ì1o. 30. orown gray. 'I V. o. 32. green gray. 6. 1ood dye: f3emish oak. Wa]] color. IV. o. 6. gray orange. 's IV. o. 8. green brown. IV. IV. J.o. 34. brown (Í]owered). o. 15. extra dark brown. V. ie harmonoue. SET VIII. WOOD DYES: GRAYD GREE. 3. Wocd dyes combined: 3ight and flemish oak. Wa]] coioj. II. o. 4. ]ight b)ue (grayed). III. o. 3. grayed green ye)]ow. III. O.. grayed green. 'I IV. o. 3. grayed yellow. a IV. o. 5. light grayed orange. I IV. o. 8. green Drown. H V. ro. 2. orange gray. V. o. 6. b]ue gray. V, o. 7. blue gray. w V. rto. 3. ye]3ow gray. V. o. 9. yel]ow gray.
I -17- Wa]1 color. V. o. U. green gray. V. o. 32. green gray. 2. Wood dyes combined: bog green and fumed oak. Wall color. IV. o. 3. grayed yellow. s IV. o. 5. light grayed orange. bet IV. o. 8. green orown. 'I $ V. o. 8. yellow gray. Is ' V. o. 33. dark gray (flowered). 3. Johnson's wood dye 324. 4. Wood dye combined: light and flemish Oaks.. Wood dyes combined: bog oak, fumed and flemish oaks. WALL COLORS FOR 3, 4, 5. 7a]l color. III. o. 3. grayed green yellow. III. o. 6. grayed green yellow. III. o. ]O. olive green. II IV. o. 3. grayed yellow. I. IV. o. 8. green orown. Ib IV. ITo. 9. green tan. " IV. o, 3). grayed brown. t, V. o. 33. dark gray (flowered). 6. Wood dye: bog oak.
-i 8- Wa)1 color. et II. ITO. 4. iht Uue, grayed. s, is III. o. 9. gray green (]eaved). 's s 3et III. o. 3]. extrn. dark green. 'g,i IV. o. 4. orange yeflow. ft t$ IV. o. 5. J ight grayed oranre. 'I II et IV. o. 6. 3 ight grayed orange. 'I IV. o. 8. green brown. II II lit. ITo. 34. 'orovm (flowered). II It et IV. o. ). extra dark brown. SET IX. GREE. 3. Wood eyes combined: forest green, fumed and f]emish oaks. 2. Wood dye: moss gr'en. 3. 1ood dye: forest green. WALL OCLORS FOR 3, 2, 3. Wail color. et III. o. 6. dark grayed yellow green. I, II III. o. 30. o3ive green. s, It IV. IT o. 8. green brown. 4. '7ood dye: green w eath red oak. Wail color. III. o. 6. dark grayed yellow green. 'I II leu. o. 30. cuve green II SI iiu. o. :ii. extra dark green. II II I\ I o. 8. groen crown.
_1 (-_ 5. 'Yood dye: bog oak. 6. Wood dyes combined: moss green and flemish oak. WALL COLOR FOR 5 and 6. Wall cö]or. III. o. 9. gray green eaves). " III. o. ]O. o] Ive green. H H III. ITo. J] extra dark green. IV. o. 3. grayed yellow. IV. ITo. 4. orange yellow. IV. ito. 5. J ight grayed orange. IV. I;o. 6. gray orange. IV. o. 7. go]den brown. IV. o. 8. green brown. V. lo. 33. dark gray (f]owered). SET X. MISCJMTEOUS. 3. Wood ryes combined: weathered and light oaks. Wa)] color. net I. jo. J. d.e)icate pink. 'I tt II. o. J. bjue (striped). 's 't II. o. 2. ]avender b)ue. 't t III. fo. 7. b]ue green. s, ti III. 1o. 8. grayed green. ft I III. ITo. 9. gray green (3 eaves). t' ti IV. ITo. 3. grayed yellow. I, II Iv. ITo. 5. J Ight grayed orange. IV. ITo. 9. green tan.
- - Wall co3or. IV. o. 33. grayed brown. IV. set V. o. 32. 3avender brown. io. 6. b)ue gray. V. o. 7. b)ue gray. 0 V. o. 8. yellow gray. V. o. 30. brown gray. V. o. 33. green gray. O V. o. 32. green gray. 2. Wood dyes combined: f)eniish and og oaks; waxed, then ei3ver gray over. 3. Wood dye: flemish oak. 4. Wood dyes combined: flemish and bog oaks. WALL COLORS FOR 3, 2, 3. Wall color. IV. o. 3. grayed yellow. )it V. o. 3. gray. V. o. 6. blue gray. 5. Wood dyes combined: mission, green weathered and flemish oaks; waxed; silver gray. Wail color. III. o. 8. dark grayed green. II II IV. 1o. 3. grayed yellow. V. o. 7. blue gray.
-2]- Via]) color. IT. :o. 13. dark gray (flowered). I' H 'et V. Io. 34. dark gray. 6. '!od dye: ar)y Engiish. 'Va)) color. flet IV. o. 3. grayed y'3)ow. IV. Io. 5. 3 ight grayed orane. It IS IV. o. 30. brown. IV o. 33. dark 'crown. 7. Wood dyee combined: green weathered and flemish Oaks. Wa]) color. I. o. 6. red (flowered). SI SI III. o. 3],. extra dark green. H It IV. o. I 3 1 gr}.t ye) i ow. 't SI IV. o. 2. yeflow. 'I SS IV. o. 3. grayed ye]]ow. s, t' Iv. o. 4. orange ye])ow. 'I II IV. o. 5. light grayed ye)]ow. 'S If IV. o. 6. gray oran.' e. I, il IV. o. 7. golden brown..5 n IV. o. 8. green brown. SI H V. 1o. 3, light gray. V. o. 6. b)ue gray. V. o. 7. blue gray. V. o. 3). green gray. H 11 y. o. 32. green gray. 8. Wood dyes combined: extra dark mahogany and f) emish
-22- oak. Wail color. et II. ]avender (f3owere). IV. o. 3). gray brown. H IV. o. 32. lavender. IV. o. 34. brown (flowered). 9. Wood dyee combined: mission and fumed oaks and mahogan y. Wa]] color. IV. o. 30. brown. IV. o. El. grayed brown. 's " V. o. 33. dark gray (flowered). 30. Wood dyes combined: light mahogany, ]lght oak and silver gray. Wa]) color. III. o. I, 's 3. grayed yel)ow. III. o. 30. brown.
(23). In the coa or combinations given there are others that are harmonious these being suggested ones; it varies as to the choice of the indivic3ua). eutra) wall coiorings are excellent and the same is true of woodwork as both act as a background for the contents of a room.?owered wajj papers if strong in a variety of co'ors harmonize with many colors in the stained woods. Ana)agous harmonies are preferab)e in riìost interiors as the contrast is not noticeable. Comp) ement.ry tones may be succesfu)iy carried out in the furnishings. To Profeosor Helen Bryce Brooks I am indebted for enocuragement and my inspiration br the subject, "Color Harmony and Design in Interior Decoration"; to Professor Farley D. McLouth for his assistance in the interior desi and color drawings and Mr. L. Eugene Robinson for his asoistance in the staining of the woods. o EKM- R