Moku o Loe, Oahu. Benthic Habitat Data: 2 m

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Moku o Loe, Oahu 21 o 26.884 N 157 o 48.548 W Management Status: Coconut Island Marine Laboratory Refuge Hawaii Area Description: Patch reef with island development. Sand and seawall shoreline. Coral and sand carbonate reef flat exposed at lowest tides. Sites on windward carbonate reef slope. High coral and macro-algae (Dictyosphaerea cavernosa) cover at shallow depths. Deep zone characterized by sediment with low coral cover colonized by slumping from upper reef zone. Northeast exposure sheltered within Kaneohe Bay. Historical impacts include dredging, long-term sewage release and freshwater flooding. Major coastal development along bay Benthic Habitat Data: 2 m shores. M o ku o L o e Sediment Sediment Grain Size Composition (% wt.) (% wt.) Depth (m) Rugosity LOI H 2 CO 3 Gravel Coarse Fine Silt Mean 2 2.25 9.92 69.50 22.23 11.76 24.78 41.24 S.D. 0.57 0.23 0.26 1.83 2.80 0.23 1.20 Video and Photo Transect data (2 m): %Cover 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Species: Cyphastrea ocellina 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fungia scutaria 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.1 Leptastrea bottae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Leptastrea purpurea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Leptoseris incrustans 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Montipora capitata 21.4 11.3 14.2 11.4 11.6 8.4 8.7 6.1 10.9 6.9 Montipora flabellata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Montipora patula 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Montipora studeri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pavona duerdeni 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pavona maldivensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pavona varians 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pocillopora damicornis 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 Pocillopora eydouxi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pocillopora ligulata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pocillopora meandrina 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Porites brighami 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Porites compressa 9.1 6.3 6.3 4.6 4.4 4.7 3.9 3.6 3.4 2.1 Porites evermanni 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Porites lichen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Porites lobata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Porites rus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Psammocora nierstraszi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Psammocora stellata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Unknown Coral 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total Coral 30.5 12.9 20.4 11.7 16.0 11.0 12.6 5.2 14.4 6.7 Species Richness: 2 2 3 3 4

Video and Photo Transect data (2 m) %Cover 2006 2008 Species: Cyphastrea ocellina 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Fungia scutaria 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 Leptastrea bottae 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Leptastrea purpurea 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Leptoseris incrustans 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Montipora capitata 28.3 13.1 34.3 7.4 Montipora flabellata 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Montipora patula 0.2 0.6 0.1 0.3 Montipora studeri 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Pavona duerdeni 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Pavona maldivensis 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Pavona varians 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Pocillopora damicornis 0.8 1.4 0.3 0.3 Pocillopora eydouxi 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Pocillopora ligulata 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Pocillopora meandrina 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 Porites brighami 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Porites compressa 10.8 9.3 11.1 4.8 Porites evermanni 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Porites lichen 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Porites lobata 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 Porites rus 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Psammocora nierstraszi 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Psammocora stellata 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Unknown Coral 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Total Coral 40.2 24.9 45.8 12.8 Species Richness

Moku O Loe 2m Coral % Cover 70.00 60.00 50.00 40.00 30.00 20.00 10.00 0.00 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2006 2008 Moku o Loe, Oahu Photoquadrat Data (2 m): Photo analysis pending Findings: Initial coral cover rank is 18 among 60 reefs. Coral cover has declined significantly over the 3 sampling periods. High percentage of macroalgae (Dictyosphaeria cavernosa) and filter feeding macroinvertebrates (e.g. Sabellastarte sanctijosephi). Moderate percentage of crustose coralline algae and turf algae. High percentage of fine sediments with moderate content of terrigenous material. No rare or unusual species observed. Benthic Habitat: 9 m Sediment Sediment Grain Size Composition (% wt.) (% wt.) Depth (m) Rugosity LOI H2CO3 Gravel Coarse Fine Silt Mean 9 1.35 7.35 78.06 25.29 23.90 19.14 31.68 S.D. 0.18 0.33 0.95 1.23 20.67 6.65 15.25

Video and Photo Transect data (9 m): %Cover 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Species: Cyphastrea ocellina 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fungia scutaria 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Leptastrea bottae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Leptastrea purpurea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Leptoseris incrustans 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Montipora capitata 7.3 5.3 6.3 4.2 5.8 5.8 4.0 3.1 8.6 8.3 Montipora flabellata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Montipora patula 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Montipora studeri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pavona duerdeni 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pavona maldivensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pavona varians 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pocillopora damicornis 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 Pocillopora eydouxi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pocillopora ligulata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pocillopora meandrina 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Porites brighami 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Porites compressa 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.9 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 Porites evermanni 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Porites lichen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Porites lobata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Porites rus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Psammocora nierstraszi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Psammocora stellata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Unknown Coral 0 0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total Coral 7.7 5.4 6.5 4.1 6.1 6.6 4.1 3.1 8.7 8.3 Species Richness: 4 3 2 3 3 Video and Photo Transect data (9 m): %Cover 2006 2008 Species: Cyphastrea ocellina 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Fungia scutaria 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Leptastrea bottae 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Leptastrea purpurea 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Leptoseris incrustans 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Montipora capitata 8.3 3.9 7.8 3.6 Montipora flabellata 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Montipora patula 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Montipora studeri 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Pavona duerdeni 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Pavona maldivensis 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Pavona varians 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Pocillopora damicornis 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 Pocillopora eydouxi 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Pocillopora ligulata 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Pocillopora meandrina 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Porites brighami 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Porites compressa 0.2 0.6 0.1 0.3 Porites evermanni 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Porites lichen 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Porites lobata 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Porites rus 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Psammocora nierstraszi 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Psammocora stellata 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Unknown Coral 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Total Coral 8.7 4.7 8.1 4.1 Species Richness

Moku O Loe 9m Coral % Cover 18.00 16.00 14.00 12.00 10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00 2.00 0.00 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2006 2008

Moku o Loe, Oahu Photoquadrat Data (9 m): Photo analysis pending Findings: Initial coral cover rank is 51 among 60 reefs. Coral cover has stayed roughly the same over the 3 sampling periods. Low percentage cover of macroalgae. Low percentage cover of crustose coralline algae and turf algae. High percentage of fine sediments with low content of terrigenous material. No rare or unusual species observed. Fish Data: 2 m and 9 m Density (#/125m²) Biomass (g/125m²) Species 2 m 9 m 2 m 9 m Abudefduf abdominalis 132.5 61.0 3.0 3.8 5510.7 1341.7 209.3 267.2 Abudefduf sordidus 8.5 3.0 998.6 429.6 Acanthurus blochii 14.5 7.5 1.5 3.0 446.2 280.7 49.9 99.8 Acanthurus dussumieri 0.5 1.0 4.9 9.9 Acanthurus leucopareius 0.5 1.0 29.1 58.3 Acanthurus xanthopterus 12.0 11.3 16.5 12.6 590.5 524.1 1089.9 774.3 Arothron hispidus 1.0 2.0 114.3 228.6 Bodianus bilunulatus 1.0 1.2 261.4 313.2 Chaetodon auriga 1.5 1.0 150.2 100.1 Chaetodon lunula 1.0 1.2 39.5 46.3 Chaetodon lunulatus 4.5 1.9 254.3 73.2 Chaetodon miliaris 3.0 1.2 160.5 62.2 Chaetodon multicinctus 0.5 1.0 14.6 29.3 Chaetodon trifascialis 0.5 1.0 17.4 34.9 Chaetodon unimaculatus 2.0 2.8 187.4 265.1 Chlorurus perspicillatus 14.5 13.1 0.5 1.0 7201.3 7913.7 922.7 1845.4 Chlorurus sordidus 90.0 29.7 5.5 5.5 6975.0 558.6 373.3 457.4 Ctenochaetus strigosus 23.0 11.4 1.5 1.0 1964.2 1148.2 106.1 70.7 Dascyllus albisella 63.5 22.8 23.0 18.0 1647.1 577.0 828.2 567.7 Fistularia commersonii 1.5 1.9 157.4 240.7 Foa brachygramma 0.5 1.0 0.2 0.4 Gomphosus varius 5.5 3.4 172.2 122.0 Macropharyngodon geoffroyi 0.5 1.0 24.7 49.4 Naso unicornis 0.5 1.0 96.8 193.5 Parupeneus multifasciatus 1.5 3.0 6.5 13.0 294.3 588.5 323.8 647.6 Scarus 297.0 91.1 48.0 96.0 7423.5 1681.2 1377.6 2755.2

Moku o Loe, Oahu Density (#/125m²) Biomass (g/125m²) Fish Data: 2 m and 9 m 2 m 9 m 2 m 9 m Species Scarus dubius 2.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 81.0 78.3 49.6 99.2 Scarus psittacus 1.5 1.0 5.0 10.0 31.4 20.9 282.7 565.3 Stegastes fasciolatus 2.5 3.0 50.8 63.3 Stethojulis balteata 5.0 4.2 1282.9 2442.4 Thalassoma ballieui 0.5 1.0 1221.2 2442.5 Thalassoma duperrey 65.0 17.6 5.0 4.8 2585.2 2016.9 318.7 335.5 Thalassoma trilobatum 0.5 1.0 42.0 84.1 Zanclus cornutus 6.0 5.9 622.6 691.9 Zebrasoma flavescens 8.5 5.0 741.0 484.2 Zebrasoma veliferum 3.5 1.9 1.0 1.2 361.3 211.1 91.6 124.2 Total/Depth Avg ± SD: 773.0 10.1 121.0 9.8 41278.5 795.5 6501.0 519.7 Species Richness 31 18 2.01 1.34 Findings: Among 60 reefs, Moku o Loe 2m ranked 13 in species richness, 2 in density, 4 in biomass, and 40 in diversity. Moku o Loe 9m ranked 59 in species richness, 47 in density, 45 in biomass, and 59 in diversity. The most abundant species were the juvenile Scarids ( Scarus spp.) at both the 2m and 9m reefs respectively. The species with the highest biomass were the juvenile Scarids (Scarus spp.) at both the 2m and 9m reefs respectively. Foa brachygramma presence is notable as this species is not common to sites surveyed.

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