Hazard Identification and Control Steve Wallace steve@hcsas.sk.ca (306)729-4863
How our mind works Unintentional Blindness It s not what you look at it s what you see Brain is wired for biological movement Brain gives it s best guesses to make sense of the world
Obstacles to Success Confirmation Bias Leads one to see information that confirms our expectation rather than see information that contradicts our expectation.
How many F s? FINISHED FILES ARE THE RESULT OF YEARS OF SCIENTIFIC STUDY COMBINED WITH THE EXPERIENCE OF YEARS...
How many F s?.2?.3? The brain can t process the word of.. Anyone who counts all 6 "F's" on the first go is a genius. Three is normal, four is quite rare.
The pweor of the hmuan mnid Aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn t mttaer in what oredr the ltteers in a word are. The olny iprmoetnt tihng is that the frist and lsat ltteer be at the rghit pclae. The rset can be a total mses and you can still raed it wouthit porbelm. This is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the word as a wlohe. Amzanig huh?
Human Factors Philosophy Workers don t decide to make errors they do reasonable things given their knowledge, objectives, point of view, focus of attention and resources. They fulfill the objectives of the organization they work for. Workers take action that make sense. They believe their actions are safe - harmful outcomes are unintentional
Hazard is any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something or someone under certain conditions at work, rest or play.
Hazards Physical Chemical Biological Ergonomic Psychosocial Safety
Hazards Physical Chemical Biological Ergonomic Psychosocial Safety Temperature, light, radiation, noise, vibration, moving parts, magnetic fields, pressure extremes (high pressure or vacuum), etc,
Hazards Physical Chemical Biological Ergonomic Psychosocial Safety Chemicals
Hazards Physical Chemical Biological Ergonomic Bacteria, viruses, insects, plants, birds, animals, and humans Psychosocial Safety
Hazards Physical Chemical Biological Ergonomic Repetitive movements, improper set up of workstation, etc., Psychosocial Safety
Hazards Physical Chemical Biological Stress, violence, working conditions fatique Ergonomic Psychosocial Safety
Hazards Physical Chemical Biological Ergonomic Psychosocial Safety Slipping/tripping hazards, inappropriate machine guarding, equipment malfunctions or breakdowns
PEME People Equipment Materials Environment
PEME People Equipment Materials Environment Worker - caught in/ between, struck by, fall, attention, expectations, workload, personal factors Other People co-workers, supervisors, managers, public, owners, emergency crews Software rules, regulations, manuals, training, policy, procedures
PEME People Equipment Materials Environment Vehicles, tools, machinery, equipment, instruments, controls What equipment emergencies are likely? How does equipment affect efficiency, quality, safety or productivity?
PEME People Equipment Chemicals, raw materials or products. Material handling Materials Environment
PEME People Equipment Materials Climate, vibration, lighting, heat, cold, ventilation, visibility, noise, radiation Management environment Organizational Culture Environment
SIPDE Scan Identify Predict Decide Execute
Hazard Identification (GEMS) Gravity/Ground Electricity/Utilities Mechanical Safety - Vehicular falling from height / equipment falling objects / material climbing surfaces ground conditions (slips, trips, trench stability) electrical contact equipment contact utilities located / day lighted proper grounds cables (condition & routing) plug in connections equipment failure lifting with loader / excavator rigging rollover hazards seat belts traffic control driving conditions moving loads
Risk is the chance or probability (likelihood) that a person will be harmed or experience an adverse health effect or loss if exposed to a hazard.
Risk Ranking 9 54 68 72 81 90 6 36 42 48 54 60 4 24 28 32 36 40 3 18 21 24 27 30 2 12 14 16 18 20 1 6 7 8 9 10 Likelihood 6 7 8 9 10 Consequences Likelihood X Consequences = Risk ranking
Likelihood Frequency (How often you are around the hazard) 3 Frequent (hourly/daily) 2 Occasional (weekly/monthly) 1 Rare (a few per year) Probability (Will it happen?) 3 Might well be expected ( happens often ) 2 Unusual but possible 1 Happens rarely Multiply Frequency X Probability = Likelihood
Consequences SEVERITY HEALTH SAFETY FINANCIAL 10 Fatality Catastrophic Extensive damage, extended downtime for company 9 Serious injury, permanent disability Serious threat 8 Serious injury External agencies involved 7 Minor injuries Potential emergency response 6 First aid or less Reportable occurrence Major damage and downtime for site Minor damage or downtime for site Minor damage or downtime for equipment or process Minor damage no downtime
Risk Ranking 9 54 68 72 81 90 6 36 42 48 54 60 4 24 28 32 36 40 3 18 21 24 27 30 2 12 14 16 18 20 1 6 7 8 9 10 Likelihood 6 7 8 9 10 Consequences Likelihood X Consequences = Risk ranking
Risk Ranking CLASS A (54-90) Critical Risk: Imminent Danger Exists Shut down the operation immediately and correct the concern Class A indicates the immediate potential for death or serious injury and /or extensive damage of major equipment, material, or significant impact to the environment CLASS B (36-48) Serious Risk Identify the hazards / risk with a flag, sign, tag, etc. and provide intermediate precautions. Inform all individuals about the risk / hazard and report immediately. Initiate corrective action as soon as possible. (Ensure correct procedure / safe work practices are used). Class B indicates potential for injury or illness, resulting in temporary disability, or property damage that is disruptive to the operation but not extensive.
Risk Ranking CLASS C (18-32) Marginal Risk: Make everyone who could be exposed aware of the risk / hazard, as required. (Ensure proper personal protective equipment is used as a minimum and re-evaluate for alternative controls and current control effectiveness.) CLASS D (6-16) Minimal Risk: Potential for minor loss but does not represent a significant injury or damage potential. This will only be considered as corrected when all individuals have been notified of the hazard.
Which system will be the best to prevent a new accident?
Most effective (less supervision) Hierarchy of Safeguarding Controls 1. Elimination or substitution 2. Engineering controls (safeguarding technology) Eliminate human interaction in the process Eliminate pinch points (increase clearance) Automate material handling Mechanical hard stops Barrier guards Interlocked guards Presence-sensing devices Two hand controls 3. Awareness means Lights, beacons, and strobes Computer Warnings Restricted space painted on floor Beepers, horns, sirens Warning signs & labels Least effective (more supervision) 4. Training and procedures (administrative controls) 5. Personal protective equipment Safe work procedures Safety equipment inspections Training Lock-out procedures Safety eyewear Face shields Hearing protection Gloves respirators
Solve the problem by providing PPE