Physical Education Workbook Tercer trimestre 2ºESO
1.INTRODUCTION (Tomado de Miguel Ángel Berrocal). Basketball is a team sport. Two teams of five players each try to score by shooting a ball through a hoop, 10 feet high. The game is played on a rectangular floor called the court, and there is a hoop at each end. The court is divided into two main sections by the mid-court line. Panorámica general del juego: http://www.elpais.com/especial/juegosolimpicos/swf/baloncesto08.swf The ball is moved down the court toward the basket by passing or dribbling. The team with the ball is called the offense. The team without the ball is called the defense. When a team scores a basket, they score two points and the ball goes to the other team. If a basket, or field goal, is made outside of the three-point arc, then that basket is worth three points. A free throw is worth one point. Free throws are usually given when a foul is made while shooting. 1. Aimofthegame: 2teamsof 5 players attemptto scoreasmany basketsaspossibleina time match. Substitutes areallowed duringstoppages inplay.
2. Thecourt:15mx28m. 3pointlineforNBA: 7.24m. 3 pointline forfiba: 6.25m. 3. Thebasket:is 3.05hight. 4. Theball:weighsbetween600and650 grammes. 5. Matchduration: 4quarters of10 minutes playingtime. Incaseof atie, thereis a5 minuteovertimeperiod. Play continues untilawinneris determined. Theclock stops ateachwhistleorwhenoneof thetwocoaches demands atimeout.
6. Theplayers: 1.The point guard. 2.The shootingguard. 3.The small forward. 4.The power forward. 5.The center. 2.RULES. Fouls and Violations FOULS Personal fouls: Personal fouls include any type of illegal physical contact. Hitting Pushing Holding Illegal screen Personal foul penalties: If a player is shooting while being fouled, then he gets two free throws. Three free throws are awarded if the player is fouled while shooting for a threepoint goal and they miss their shot. Charging. A foul that is committed when a player pushes or runs over a defensive player. The team who received the foul gets the ball to continue play. Blocking. Blocking is illegal personal contact resulting from a defender not establishing position in time to prevent an opponent's drive to the basket.
Flagrant foul.violent contact with an opponent. Intentional foul.when a player makes physical contact with another player with no reasonable effort to steal the ball. Technical foul. It does not involve player contact or the ball but is instead about the 'manners' of the game. Foul language, obscenity, obscene gestures, and even arguing can be considered a technical foul. VIOLATIONS Walking/Traveling. Taking more than two stps without dribbling the ball is classed as traveling. Carrying/palming.When a player dribbles with his hand under the ball. Double Dribble. Dribbling the ball with both hands on the ball at the same time or picking up the dribble and then dribbling again is a double dribble.
Backcourt violation. Once the offense has brought the ball across the mid-court line, they cannot go back across the line with the ball. If they do, the ball is awarded to the other team. Time regulations: 24 seconds to attempt a basket. 8 seconds to advance the ball into attacking zone. 5 seconds to dribble, shoot or pass the ball. 3 seconds to leave the key
3.BASQUETBALL SKILLS(Tomado de http://www.basketball-plays-and-tips.com). Lay up shot A. SHOOTING a. Technique: Jump as high as possible when executing this shot. The first step must be long and the last one, short. The last step should be the opposite to the shooting hand The non-shooting hand under the ball, and shooting hand on top of the ball. You have to carry the ball with two hands until the last moment. Lift the shooting knee and release the ball in the highest point. Try to aim to the backboard square. b. Common mistakes: Losing Control on the Shot: This usually occurs if players take the non-shooting hand off the ball too soon. Concentrate on keeping the non-shooting hand on the ball until the release. Using a Long Jump: This usually occurs when you take a long step before jumping, propelling players forward instead of up. Make sure the last step is short. The last step is given with the same foot to the shooting hand. You must start the first step with the same foot to shooting hand and end with the opposite. Watch in youtube: http://youtu.be/rv-4jk2ooye
Set Shot A. Technique: When players are performing the one-hand set shot it is vital they keep their eyes on the target. with feet shoulder width apart, and knees slightly bent. The non-shooting hand should be under the ball and the shooting hand at the back of the ball, with the elbow tucked in. The ball should be held between the ear and shoulder. The next phase would be to extend the legs, back, shoulders, and elbow, then flex the wrist, and fingers forwards and release the ball at the highest point. After release fingers should be pointed at the target, with the palm facing down. Technique: B. Common mistakes: Shot Falls Short: This usually occurs because you haven t extended your leg completely. However it could also be produced to a lack of rhythm in the shot. Shot Goes Long: The main reason for this is that you have extended your arm less than the 45 degree angle required. Shot Goes Wide: Sometimes this happen because we are starting with the ball to far to our shooting side. Watch onyoutube:http://youtu.be/ixagsw7yn4q Jump shot a. Technique:
This shot is very similar to the one-hand set shot in that it should start from a solid base with the players feet shoulder width apart, toes pointing straight ahead, and knees bent. The non-shooting hand should be under the ball and the shooting hand at the back of the ball, with the elbow tucked in. Extend the legs, back, shoulders, and elbow, then flex the wrist, and fingers forwards and release the ball at the highest point. After release fingers should be pointed at the target, with the palm facing down. The two main differences are that the ball should be held higher, above a players line of vision to the basket. This means having the shooting forearm at a 90 degree angle to the floor. The other difference is that players release the ball after jumping into the air,, extending everything from their ankles up to their shoulders. C. Common mistakes: Long Shooting Stroke: This happen when a player lowers the ball too far from its high starting position. Concentrate on keeping the ball high and using the legs for power and rhythm. Moving in the Air: When players are jumping it is important they land in the same place they took off. Concentrate on jumping up and landing on the same spot. Watch on youtube: http://youtu.be/pruywk7awr8 Hook shot a. Technique: Players start with their back to the basket, with feet shoulder width apart and knees slightly bent. You have to be able to see the rim over your non-shooting shoulder. The hand position alters for this shot. the shooting hand should be under the ball and the non-shooting hand behind the ball. Step away from the defender using the opposite foot, and hold the ball back and protect it with the head and shoulders.
Then we must pivot towards the basket, lift their knee on the shooting side and jump off the pivot foot. Extend the elbow to shoot, and remember to flex the wrist and fingers and release the ball. b. Common mistakes: Losing Control on the Shot: This usually occurs if players take the non-shooting hand off the ball too soon. Concentrate on keeping the non-shooting hand on the ball until the release. Shot is Short or Long: The main cause of this is a shortened or differing elbow extension. Concentrate on extended the arm fully on each shot. Watch on youtube: http://youtu.be/kwu_2aa940o B. PASSING 1. The Chest Pass This is the simplest, and most used pass in basketball, probably because it is often the most accurate and quick pass. a. Technique: The first thing players need to do when they receive the ball is place their hands each side and slightly behind the ball, with their fingers comfortably spread. The ball should be held in front of the chest with the elbows tucked in. Maintaining a balanced stance with feet shoulder width apart is also important when trying to control the pass. The next stage is to locate the target. The next phase is executing the chest pass, here players need to step in the direction of the pass. The wrist and fingers should then be forced through the ball to create more power, and help guide the ball to the target.
Make sure the ball is released off the first and second fingers of both hands, and follow through to finish up with the arms fully extended, fingers pointing at the target and palms facing the floor. b.commonmistakes: Pass misses the target: This often occurs when the dominant hand pushes more than the weak hand. Pass falls short: This usually occurs when players don't create maximum force by stepping into the shot and extending the legs, back, and arms. Watch on youtube: http://youtu.be/f56xdidatve 2. The Bounce Pass a. Technique: This is most often used when the player in possession has a defender trying to block their pass, and is standing between them and their target. The technique is the same as the chest pass. The ball should be held at waist height, with the elbows tucked in. The next phase is executing the bounce pass.. It is usually advised that when performing the bounce pass players aim to bounce the ball about two/thirds of the way to the target. Then follow through to finish up with the arms fully extended, fingers pointing at the target and palms facing the floor. b. Common mistakes: Pass is too high and slow: This error usually occurs if the ball is held too high or the bounce is too far from the receiver. Concentrate on holding the ball at waist height, and aiming the ball closer to the target.
C. Watch on youtube: http://youtu.be/2u-wyzcdqny 1. Overhead Pass a. Technique: This is most often used when players have a defender closely guarding them, or as a long distance pass. The reason an overhead pass is used in these situations is because it enables players to pass the ball over the top of defenders. The ball should be held above the forehead, with the elbows flexed at about a right angle and tucked in. The next stage is to locate the target The next phase is executing the overhead pass, here players need to step in the direction of the pass, through extending the legs, back, and arms, this will create the majority of the power needed. The wrist and fingers should then be flexed to release the ball off the first and second fingers of both hands. Then follow through to finish up with the arms fully extended, fingers pointing at the target and palms facing the floor. b. Common mistakes: Pass lacks power: This error usually occurs if the ball is held behind the head, and players do not extend their legs, back, and arms enough. Pass lacks accuracy: This often occurs if the strong hand is too dominant, or players do not point their fingers at the target on release. Ball gets stolen: This usually occurs when the ball is held behind the head, an opposing player can steal the ball from the hands. Concentrate on holding the ball above the forehead.
2. Baseball Pass a. Technique: This is most often used when passing over a long distance. Start in a balanced position with feet shoulder width apart. Place the passing hand behind the ball and the non-passing hand in front of it. The ball should be held up to the ear and the weight should be kept on the back foot. The next stage is to locate the target. The next phase is executing the baseball pass, here a player needs to step in the direction of the pass, through extending the legs, back, and arms, this will create the majority of the power needed. The wrist and fingers should then be flexed to release the ball. Keep both hands on the ball until the release. Then follow through to finish up with the arms fully extended, fingers pointing at the target and palms facing down. b. Common mistakes: Pass lacks accuracy: This often occurs if the passing hand is placed to the side of the ball instead of behind it, or players do not point their fingers at the target on release. Watch on youtube: http://youtu.be/9qcjccsmjuk 3. Behind the Back Pass a. Technique: This is most often used by advanced players when a defender runs head on at them. Start in a balanced stance with feet shoulder width apart. Players should use their back foot to pivot on, and turn their body to the side which they are going to pass from. Place the passing hand behind the ball and the non-passing hand in front of it, with fingers comfortably spread. The ball should be moved behind the hip, and the weight should be kept on the back foot. The next stage is to locate the target.
The next phase is executing the baseball pass, here the player needs to step in the direction of the pass, switch their weight to their front foot, and extend their legs, back, and passing arm, this will create the majority of the power needed. The wrist and fingers should then be flexed to release the ball off the first and second finger of the passing hand. Keep both hands on the ball until it is released. Pass the ball behind the back, then follow through to finish up with the arm fully extended, fingers pointing at the target and palms facing up. b. Common mistakes: Taking the non-passing hand off too soon: When this occurs players lose some control of the pass, and may miss the target. Concentrate on keeping both hands on the ball whilst placing it behind the hip and until the release. Watch on youtube: http://youtu.be/hsgndjpwwxe D. DRIBLING Reasons to dribble: 1) Advance the ball up the court. 2) Penetrate to the hoop. 3) Find good passing lanes. 4) Get out of trouble. Some basic ball handling guidelines: 1) Dribble with a purpose 2) Keep your head up 3) Use the hand farthest from the defender to dribble with. 4) Don't pick the dribble up unless you have a pass or shot available. 5) Don't dribble into trouble (between 2 defenders or into the corners).
Basketball Dribbling Fundamentals 1) Basic Technique The dribble is a push-pull movement of the arm. Your fingers must form a cup to adapt to the ball. Fingers and wrist must be relaxed. Control the ball with your fingers, not the palms. Raise your nondribbling hand up for protection. Watch on youtube: http://youtu.be/gm_i_ektzvc 1. Control, or Low Dribble Use this when you're closely guarded. Keep your body between the ball and the defender. Dribble the ball at knee level or lower and slightly away from your body so it's harder for the defender to knock it away. Advance the ball with a step and slide movement. Keep your free hand up to protect the ball while keeping you dribbling arm close to your body. You have to u keep you head up and eyes off the ball. Watch on youtube: http://youtu.be/znm8e4qreno 2. Speed, or High Dribble Use this type of basketball dribbling when you need to advance the ball quickly. Keep your body nearly erect, leaning forward slightly. Extend your dribbling arm fully, pushing the ball out in front of your body. Keep the ball near waist level or higher to help maintain maximum speed.
3. Crossover Dribble This technique is good to use when you're being overplayed. It helps you change direction quickly. When your foot on the dribbling side contacts the floor, push off hard toward your opposite foot and bounce the ball across your body with a quick flexion of your wrist and fingers. The lower you bounce the ball, the quicker your crossover. Take a step with the foot on the receiving side as your receiving hand gets the ball on a short hop. Quickness is extremely important with this basketball dribbling fundamental. Watch on youtube: http://youtu.be/6oa1ugvc_4u
4. Spin, or Reverse Dribble Another change of direction technique. Advantage: You keep your body between the defender and the ball. Disadvantage: You lose sight for a moment of your teammates and the basket. If you're dribbling right and need to go left - stop, plant your left foot and pivot on it as you spin in the opposite direction with your back to the defender. Keep the ball close to your body as you spin and switch it to your left hand. As you complete the turn, dribble with your left hand and keep your head up to see the floor. Watch on youtube: http://youtu.be/dv-r51ahfbs 5. Change-of-Pace The idea here is to make your defender think you are slowing down and then, as they relax, you speed right by them. As you slow down, straighten slightly, plant your lead foot and bring your head up a bit. This creates the illusion that you are about to stop and your defender will relax. Then accelerate quickly and use a low dribble to get by the defender. 6. Behind-the-Back Another way to change direction and you'll always maintain visual contact with game action with this basketball dribbling fundamental. If you're dribbling with your right hand, slide your hand to the outside of the ball as you put your weight on your right foot. Flick the ball behind your back above the back of your knee and across the back of your thigh as you move your left foot forward. Catch the ball with your left hand and continue dribbling. Make sure to get your left leg forward so the ball has room to come under your left hand for a smooth transition.
Watch on youtube: http://youtu.be/6l1y7yhk_8a 7. Between-the-Legs Dribble This works well when you're being overplayed. If you're dribbling with your right hand, keep the ball low and switch it to your left hand. Bounce the ball through your legs with a quick flick of your wrist, fingers and lower arm. Watch on youtube: http://youtu.be/15_rylfucro