Trends in salmon fisheries - PDF Free Download

Trends in salmon fisheries Marc Trudel Fisheries and Oceans Canada Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo Department of Biology, University of Victoria

Plan of the presentation 1. Introduction 2. Salmon Harvest Pacific salmon Atlantic salmon 3. Climate and salmon 4. Opportunities 5. Concluding remarks

Importance of salmon: Human dimension http://bcsalmonfarmers.ca/

Importance of salmon: Ecological dimension gallery.photo.net/photo/ www.nature-photos.org www.wyomingoutdoorsradio.com wallpapers.free-review.net

Pink salmon Salmon species in Canada Pacific Ocean Chum salmon Atlantic Ocean Atlantic salmon Sockeye salmon Steelhead trout Coho salmon Chinook salmon

PACIFIC SALMON

Historical Pacific salmon distribution https://thefisheriesblog.files.wordpress.com/2014/06/pacific-salmon-distribution.jpg

Pacific salmon distribution and migration Asian salmon Overlap in Distribution North American Salmon 64N 62N 140 E 150 E Asian Pink Salmon n = 682 fish 160 E 170 E 180 170 W 160 W 150 W 140 W 130 W North American Pink Salmon n = 3,668 fish 64N 62N 58N 58N 54N 54N 50N 50N 46N 46N 42N 42N 38N 38N 34N 130 E 64N 62N 140 E 150 E Asian Chum Salmon n = 1,405 fish 160 E 170 E 180 170 W 160 W 150 W 140 W 130 W North American Chum Salmon n = 883 fish 34N 120 W 64N 62N 58N 58N 54N 54N 50N 50N 46N 46N 42N 42N 38N 38N 34N 64N 62N 140 E 150 E Asian Sockeye Salmon n = 82 fish 160 E 170 E 180 170 W 160 W 150 W 140 W 130 W North American Sockeye Salmon n = 5,565 fish 34N 64N 62N 58N 58N 54N 54N 50N 50N 46N 46N 42N 42N 38N 38N 34N 130 E 140 E 150 E 160 E 170 E 180 170 W 160 W 150 W 140 W 130 W 34N 120 W Courtesy of Dr. K. Myers, University of Washington

North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/international/images/dip-npafc-eng.jpg

Catch (Metric Tonnes) Pacific salmon catches (all nations) Year Data from the North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission (www.npafc.org)

Harvest (Metric Tonnes) Pacific salmon catches (Canada) Data from the North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission (www.npafc.org)

ATLANTIC SALMON

Atlantic salmon distribution and migration http://www.oldsalmon.ca/docs/media/northatlanticup.jpg

North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organization (NASCO)

Harvest (Metric Tonnes) Atlantic salmon catches (all nations) Year Data from ICES Working Group on North Atlantic Salmon Report 2015

Harvest (Metric Tonnes) Salmon harvest (Canada) Year Data from ICES Working Group on North Atlantic Salmon Report 2015

CLIMATE & SALMON

Why are salmon declining in Canada? The cause of these declines is likely to be due to many factors, but there are strong indications that poor marine survival was an important driver. Declines occurred: 1) Over a broad geographical area 2) In pristine watersheds 3) In areas without salmon farms 4) Declines parallel marine survival

Unusual warm conditions occurred in 2005 59N Sardine Opah Latitude 55N Humboldt squid Yellowtail Mackerel 51N Ocean sunfish (6 cm) 47N -138W -134W -130W -126W -122W Longitude Source: Trudel et al. (2006)

Unusual warm conditions occurred in 2014 http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/map/clim/sst.anom.anim.year.html

The warm waters moved inshore in the fall and stayed inshore through the winter http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/map/clim/sst.anom.anim.year.html

Warm conditions are persisting in 2015 with a possible El Niño El Niño http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/map/clim/sst.anom.anim.year.html

OPPORTUNITIES

International Year of the Salmon (IYS) The proposed International Year of the Salmon will be an intensive burst of internationally coordinated, interdisciplinary, scientific research focused on salmon, and their relation to people. New technologies, new observations and new analytical methods, some developed exclusively during the IYS, will address knowledge gaps that prevent a clear understanding of the future of salmon in a rapidly changing world. The theme of the IYS is Salmon and People in a Changing World to focus on the intimate nature of the relationship between salmon and people and their joint future. Courtesy of M. Saunders, DFO, Nanaimo

Starting year and duration of the IYS 2015-16 planning 2017 Start up 2018 and 2019 intensive field study 2020 through 2022 analyses and publication Duration 7 years Courtesy of M. Saunders, DFO, Nanaimo

Benefits of the IYS An integrated international research community equipped to respond to a rapidly changing environment with: Tools and methods Data and information A new generation of researchers Improved science informs: Long term, short term and NOW term forecasts for fisheries Food security strategies Sustainability strategies for salmon and communities that utilize salmon Optimization of economic returns from hatcheries and varying productivity across species and regions Courtesy of M. Saunders, DFO, Nanaimo

Concluding remarks 1. Harvest of Pacific salmon is increasing, except in Canada where declines have been observed for 20 years. 2. Harvest of Atlantic salmon has been decreasing for nearly three decades. 3. Although many factors likely contributed to the decline of Pacific and Atlantic salmon in Canada, low marine survival is likely the primary cause of these declines 4. The International Year of the Salmon represents a unique opportunity to understand the factors affecting salmon production throughout their native range.

EXTRA MATERIAL

FARMED SALMON

Salmon aquaculture around the world Atlantic salmon Rainbow trout Coho salmon Source: www.fao.org

Harvest (Metric Tonnes) Farmed salmon production (all nations) Year Source: www.fao.org

Harvest (Metric Tonnes) Total salmon harvest (all nations) Year

Harvest (Metric Tonnes) Total salmon harvest (all nations) Year Data from ICES Working Group on North Atlantic Salmon Report 2015

Annual global ocean temperature (1880-2014) Source: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cag/time-series/global/globe/ocean/ytd/12/1880-2015)

April global ocean temperature (1880-2015) Sourcehttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cag/time-series/global/globe/ocean/1/4/1880-2015