Nautical Studies to Define Layout Requirements for a New Sea Lock at IJmuiden Wim Kortlever, Rijkswaterstaat Freek Verkerk, MARIN photo Flanders Hydraulics Research Smart Ports Seminar April 23, Wageningen
Contents Introduction Aim of Nautical Studies Situation Present Hydraulic Conditions and Wind Requirements New Lock Preliminary Layouts Nautical Studies Real-time Simulations for Middle Lock Scale Model Tests Mathematical Model Simulations
Introduction Port of Amsterdam - Growth of transshipment - Renovation of North Lock (1929) at IJmuiden New deep sea lock at IJmuiden - Design will be part of DBFM-contract Nautical studies to define requirements - Location between existing North Lock and Middle Lock Asymmetric layout approach, retaining walls Transverse forces, moments Also Density currents, lock exchange Wind
Aim of Nautical Studies To determine which layouts of the lock approach admit a safe and smooth transit? Convert this results into layout requirements for the DBFM-contract Boundaries
Situation Sea Side Canal Side
Situation North Lock Symmetric and wide approaches New Lock Asymmetric sea side approach
Present Hydraulic Conditions and Wind Sea side Mean high tide/low tide: NAP + 0.97 m / NAP - 0.73 m High water/low water (1/year): NAP + 2.35 m / NAP - 1.70 m North Lock closed above/below: NAP + 3.40 m / NAP - 2,50 m Canal side Target water level: NAP - 0.40 m High water/low water (1/year): NAP - 0.07 m/nap - 0.58 m Wind conditions NW (1/year): U10 = ca. 15 m/s (Bft 7) SW (1/year): U10 = ca. 17 m/s (Bft. 7-8) Salinities Sea side average/maximum: ca. 1017/1024 kg/m3 Canal side average/minimum: ca. 1005/1003 kg/m3
Requirements New Lock Dimensions: - chamber length between stop lines 500 m - chamber width x sill level: 65 m x NAP - 18 m 70 m x NAP - 17 m (simulations!) Lock approaches admit safe and smooth transit Lockage through Bft. 7 Working space tugs sideways 25 m Main sea defense North Lock for backup (maintenance/damage new lock) Middle Lock in operation, largest push convoy: 4 Europa II barges
Maximum Vessel Dimensions Design vessel based on WOZMAX ore carrier Overall length: 400 m Width: 57 m Draft (salt water): 13.75 m WOZMAX (Overall length: 330 m, width 57 m, draft 18 m
Preliminary Layouts 70 m, NAP 17 m n-variant Overall length 718 m Roller gates to the south u-variant Overall length 740 m Roller gates to the north
Nautical studies 1. Real-time Simulations for New Sea Lock But hydrodynamic effects closed wall and asymmetric layout of sea side approach? - Large transverse forces and moments - Effects of lock exchange flow 2. Real-time Simulations for Middle Lock How far can we go by limiting the accessibility of the Middle Lock? Maximize the space for the new lock, this way reducing the asymmetry
Nautical studies 3. Scale Model Tests Measure the hydrodynamic forces when entering or leaving the lock in a physical model - Small under keel clearance - Tugs - Density currents 4. Mathematical Model Simulations (OPENFoam) Development of numerical model to describe the complete interaction between moving vessel and exchange currents First step Static tests, vessel in a fixed position, forces due to lock exchange
Real-time Simulations for Middle Lock Optimizing space n-variant Determining accessibility Middle Lock MARIN
Scale Model Tests photos Flanders Hydraulics Research Scale model tests at Flanders Hydraulics Research Scale 101.8 to 1 Lock 70 m, bulk carrier 359 m x 58 m x 13.75 m (reduced draft) Two layouts: (1) most confined u-variant (2) shifted 15 m
Scale Model Tests Vessel entry and vessel exit tests UKC: 10 %, 15 %, 25 % Effect of drift angle of 1 Entry tests with density current, fresh water in lock ( = 15 kg/m 3 ) Static tests with vessel moored in lock Speed scenarios Vessel under own propeller along guiding beam Assistance by tugs (aeroplane propellers on deck) Constant speed: 1.25 kn, 2.50 kn Main engine: Slow Ahead, Half Ahead Measured parameters Transverse horizontal forces Yawing moment
Mathematical Model Simulations
Mathematical Model Simulations