On a new genus and new species of deep-water spider crab from the Philippines (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Majidae)

Zootaxa 1644: 59 68 (2007) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Copyright 2007 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) ZOOTAXA ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) On a new genus and new species of deep-water spider crab from the Philippines (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Majidae) BERTRAND RICHER DE FORGES 1 & PETER K. L. NG 2 1 Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, BPA5, Nouméa cedex, New Caledonia. E-mail: richer@noumea.ird.nc 2 Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260, Republic of Singapore. E-mail: peterng@nus.edu.sg Abstract A new genus and new species of majid crab, Kasagia arbastoi, is described from the Philippines. Superficially, Kasagia, new genus, is most similar to the pisine genera Eurynome Leach, 1814, Choniognathus Rathbun, 1932, and Seiitaoides Griffin & Tranter, 1986, but can immediately be separated by its simple carapace armature and extremely long chelipeds. Key words: Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Majidae, taxonomy, new genus, new species, Philippines Introduction The deep-sea fauna of the steep reef slopes below 100 m in the Philippines is proving to be of substantial interest. Many of the species in this habitat have been shown to be either rare or new. One of the sampling methods used is novel the setting of tangle nets in deep-water along the surfaces of the deep-cliff surfaces (see Bouchet & Ng 2004; McLay & Ng 2004, 2005). Among the numerous specimens of majid crabs collected were several belonging to a small-size species of Pisinae. While superficially resembling members of the genus Eurynome Leach, 1814, it possesses several unusual characters that showed that it is not only a new species, but also belongs to a new genus. Specimens are deposited in the Crustacean Collection of the National Museum of the Philippines (NMCR), Manila; Zoological Reference Collection (ZRC) of the Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, National University of Singapore; and Muséum national d Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Paris. The terminology used essentially follows that of Griffin & Tranter (1986). The abbreviations G1 and G2 refer to the male first and second pleopods respectively, while the P2-P4 refer to the first to fourth ambulatory legs respectively. The measurements provided, in millimetres, are of the carapace length and width respectively. For the carapace length, the postrostral proportions are provided. For the carapace width, the lateral teeth or spines are included. Systematic account Subfamily Pisinae Alcock, 1895 Kasagia, new genus Diagnosis. Carapace ovoid. Dorsal face almost round, ornamented with fungiform granules; regions weakly defined. Ocular peduncule short, eye rounded, totally concealed orbit when retracted. Front with 2 sharp pseu- Accepted by P. Castro: 10 Oct. 2007; published: 23 Nov. 2007 59

dorostral spines, oval in cross-section. Supra-ocular margin forming a complete eave overlapping post-ocular spine; intercalated spine absent. Hepatic plate triangular. Basal antennal article triangular, formed by fused first 2 articles. Male cheliped very long, covered with setae; carpus short with spines; propodus long; fingers thin, tips crossing when closed. Ambulatory legs short, with merus carinated on upper part; other articles covered by setae. Male sternites 2 4 relatively wide. Abdomen with 6 free segments and telson. G1 with distal part dilated. Etymology. The genus name is derived from Balicasag ( the island of the broken crab), the place where the crab was found, kasag meaning crab in Tagalog. Gender feminine. Remarks. The new genus, Kasagia, has affinities with Eurynome Leach, 1814, and its allies. Eurynome was established for E. aspera (Pennant, 1777) from the Atlantic and Mediterranean, but over the years, 11 species have been attributed to this genus at one time or another (see Griffin 1964; Griffin & Tranter 1986). Griffin and Tranter (1986) reviewed the genus and separated its members into three genera: Eurynome Leach, 1814, sensu stricto, Choniognathus Rathbun, 1932, and Seiitaoides Griffin & Tranter, 1986. Eurynome was restricted to E. aspera (Pennant, 1777) (type species) (= E. scutellata Risso, 1827, E. boletifera Costa, 1838, E. longimana Stimpson, 1858, E. aspera var. acuta (A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1900), E. bituberculata Griffin, 1964, E. erosa A. Milne-Edwards, 1873, E. parvirostris Forest & Guinot, 1966, and E. spinosa Hailstone, 1835. Choniognathus was redefined to accomodate C. elegans (Stebbing, 1921), C. granulosus (Baker, 1906), C. reini (Balss, 1924) (= C. koreensis Rathbun, 1932, type species), and C. verhoeffi (Balss, 1929). In Seiitaoides Griffin & Tranter, 1986, only two species were included, S. orientalis (Sakai, 1961) (type species) and S. stimpsonii (Miers, 1884). Kasagia differs from Eurynome in that the carapace is covered by numerous small flattened or round granules except for a few small fungiform granules on the anterior and lateral regions (Figs. 1, 2A) (versus numerous large fungiform and plate-like granules in Eurynome, with some fusing to form large elevated plates, Figs. 2B), the anterior part of the thoracic sternum, notably around the margins of the sterno-abdominal cavity, is unornamented (Fig. 3C) (versus with granules and with the margin of the sterno-abdominal cavity lined with large raised plates, Fig. 3D), the ambulatory legs have prominent and complete carinated meri (Fig. 2A) (versus margins of meri serrated or uneven in Eurynome, Fig. 2B), the pseudorostral spines are ovoid in cross-section (versus C-shaped in Eurynome), the base of the fused basal antennal article has a lateral projection which extends anteriorly towards the post-orbital tooth (Fig. 3C) (versus without any projection in Eurynome, Fig. 3D), the supra-orbital eave overlaps the post-ocular tooth (Fig. 3A) (versus supra-orbital eave separated from the post-ocular tooth by a large gap in Eurynome, Fig. 3B, see also Hartnoll 1961: 175, fig. 2), the adult male chelipeds are extremely long, being approximately three times the carapace length and covered with short spines and numerous short, stiff setae (Figs. 2B, 4D) (versus at most two times carapace length with large lobiform teeth and scattered setae or almost glabrous, Figs. 2B, 4D), and the G1 is dilated distally (Fig. 5B, C) (versus with a prominent hook-like projection subdistally, Fig. 5A). With regards to the gap between the supra-orbital eave and post-ocular tooth, an intercalated spine is present in E. bituberculata (see Griffin 1964: 198, fig. 2), but in E. aspera, this spine is small (Fig. 2B, Hartnoll 1961: 179, 5a, b). Kasagia resembles Choniognathus in having numerous granules and two pseudorostral spines separated by a U-shaped hiatus. As in Choniognathus there is no preocular spine. However, Kasagia is very different from Choniognathus in that it has a supraorbital eave which overlaps the post-ocular spine but lacks an intercalated spine (Fig. 3) (versus with a distinct intercalated spine in Choniognathus, see Griffin 1965: 30, Fig. 4), the adult male chelipeds are approximately three times the carapace length, covered with short spines and numerous short, stiff setae (Figs. 2A, 4C) (versus at most two times carapace length with large teeth or spines and scattered setae) and the G1 is curved with a prominent expansion in the distal third and not setose (Fig. 5B, C) (versus G1 simple, straight with numerous setae in Choniognathus, see Griffin & Tranter 1986: 204, Fig. 69c, d). Compared to Seiitaoides, Kasagia differs in that the dorsal surface of the carapace only has small squam- 60 Zootaxa 1644 2007 Magnolia Press RICHER DE FORGES & NG

iform granules (Fig. 1, 2A) (versus prominent large plates in Seiitaoides, Griffin 1970; Griffin & Tranter 1986), a supraorbital eave which overlaps the post-ocular spine but does not have an intercalated spine (Fig. 2A) (versus with a distinct intercalated tooth in Seiitaoides, see Griffin 1970; Griffin & Tranter 1986), and the G1 has an expanded distal part and with only sparse setae (Fig. 5B, C) (versus evenly straight with setae in Seiitaoides, see Griffin & Tranter 1986: 204, Fig. 69e, f). FIGURE 1. Kasagia arbastoi, new species, male paratype (11.2 x 7.9 mm) (MNHN). Colour in life. Kasagia arbastoi, new species (Fig. 1, 2A, 3A, C, 4A, C, 5B, C) Material examined. Holotype: male (12.1 x 8.7 mm) (NMCR), Balicasag Island, Panglao, Bohol, Philippines, coll. tangle nets, 29 May 2005. Paratypes: 1 male (12.6 x 9.2 mm) (ZRC), 1 male (11.2 x 7.9 mm) (MNHN), Balicasag Island, Panglao, Bohol, Philippines, 200 300 m, coll. fishermen, tangle nets, Jun 2002. Comparative material. Eurynome aspera (Pennant, 1777): 6 males (ZRC 1988.665-670), on sedimentary bottom, 25 m, Rovinj, Croatia, coll. Z. Števčić, 30 July 1986. Etymology. The species is named after a most astute fisherman, Jo Arbasto, who has helped us obtain many interesting species in the course of our expeditions. A NEW GENUS AND NEW SPECIES OF MAJIDAE Zootaxa 1644 2007 Magnolia Press 61

FIGURE 2. Overall dorsal views. A, Kasagia arbastoi, new species, male holotype (12.1 x 8.7 mm) (NMCR); B, Eurynome aspera, male (12.4 x 11.5 mm) (ZRC 1988.665). Diagnosis of male holotype. Small-size species (less than 15 mm in carapace length). Ovoid carapace completely covered by rounded, squamiform granules, edges of granules touching each other but their profiles, visible laterally, fungiform. Rostrum small, sharply directed downward, with 2 strong peudorostral spines, diverging, sharp, relatively long, oval cross-section. Eyes round with short peduncle, totally protected inside orbit when retracted; large, flat post-ocular spine; supra-ocular margin forming a regular concave curved eave, separated from base of pseudorostral spine by a fissure, posterior part of eave overlapping postorbital spine; post-orbital spine strong, forming a concavity bordered by setae to receive eye. Hepatic margin with a strong, flattened triangular tooth, separated from post-ocular spine by large gap. Gastric region elevated with 2 large granuliform spines, with long setae but not covering surface. Antenna with first 2 articles fused, unmovable; basal antennal article triangular with narrow longitudinal groove, base of fused basal antennal article with lateral projection extending anteriorly towards post-orbital tooth, flagellum short. Antennular fossae ovoid. Third maxilliped covered by granules, densely setose; ischium rectangular, depressed medially, covered with short setae; merus triangular with longitudinal groove, internal border with rounded expansion anteriorly. Chelipeds very long, about 3 times carapace length; merus cylindrical, longer than other articles in male [females not known], stout, granulated, with 3 rows of blunt spinules; carpus short, narrow proximally, enlarged distally; propodus long, with 10 blunt spinules along upper border; dactylus short, curved, sharp, finely serrulated on internal margin; chelae relatively small, fingers slightly bent from horizontal, tips of sharp fingers crossing when closed. Ambulatory legs (P2-P5) short; meri carinated, other articles setose; lower part of meri covered with setae, upper part glabrous, each with distal tooth separated from main carina; carpus, 62 Zootaxa 1644 2007 Magnolia Press RICHER DE FORGES & NG

TERM OF USE FIGURE 3. Kasagia arbastoi, new species. A, B, dorsal carapace view; C, D, ventral carapace view. A, C, Kasagia arbastoi, new species: A, male holotype (12.1 x 8.7 mm) (NMCR), C, male paratype (12.6 x 9.2 mm) (ZRC); B, D, Eurynome aspera, male (12.4 x 11.5 mm) (ZRC 1988.665). A NEW GENUS AND NEW SPECIES OF MAJIDAE Zootaxa 1644 2007 Magnolia Press 63

TERM OF USE FIGURE 4. A, B, buccal cavern and face; C, D, outer view of chela. A, C, Kasagia arbastoi, new species, male paratype (12.6 x 9.2 mm) (ZRC); B, D, Eurynome aspera, male (12.4 x 11.5 mm) (ZRC 1988.665). 64 Zootaxa 1644 2007 Magnolia Press RICHER DE FORGES & NG

FIGURE 5. Left G1s. B, C, Kasagia arbastoi, new species, male paratype (12.6 x 9.2 mm) (ZRC); A Eurynome aspera, male (12.4 x 11.5 mm) (ZRC 1988.665). Scales = 5.0 mm. propodus, dactylus short, strongly setose, almost completely covering surfaces. Male abdomen with 6 free segments and telson, surface covered with tomentum of short setae; first segment narrow distally; telson relatively long, tip pointed, slightly concave laterally. G1 simple, apical part dilated, margin appears folded, no spines or extensive setae present. Colour in life (Fig. 1). Kasagia arbastoi, is mostly reddish brown dorsally, with the posterior portions lighter in colour. The gastric regions are dark brown, while the regions around the rostrum and orbits are purplish. The meri of the legs are white with regularly arranged reddish-brown spots. Discussion. In general appearance, and certainly with regards to the long male chelipeds and carapace features, Kasagia arbastoi, new species, most closely resembles some species of Eurynome, especially E. aspera and E. erosa. Other than the differences already discussed for the genera, K. arbastoi has acuminate rostral spines which are relatively short (less than six times the length of the carapace), the meri of the ambulatory legs are dorsally cristate, and the hepatic margin has a flattened triangular plate largely separate from the postorbital lobe. The granulation of the carapace of K. arbastoi superficially resembles Chionognathus granulosa (see Baker 1906: 108, Pl. 1, figs. 3, 3a), but the two differ markedly in all other aspects. The carinated merus of the ambulatory legs of K. arbastoi is similar to that of Chionognathus elegans described from South Africa, but in K. arbastoi there is a large distal tooth after the carina ends, a structure absent on C. elegans. In C. elegans, there are also spines on the lower border of the P5, which are absent in K. arbastoi (see A NEW GENUS AND NEW SPECIES OF MAJIDAE Zootaxa 1644 2007 Magnolia Press 65

Stebbing 1921: 454, Pl. 108; Barnard 1950: 57, fig. 12d, e). Kasagia arbastoi was collected from the steep slopes of Balicasag Island in the central Philippines, where the local fishermen have developed a novel way of using tangle nets to collect deep-water molluscs. This rarely used fishing method, in which the nets are set to lie against the steep deep sea cliffs, is the only way to sample this steep habitat. At Balicasag, this method has helped discover many new and interesting species in recent years (e.g. Dromiidae, Dynomenidae: McLay & Ng 2004, 2005; Homolidae: Richer de Forges & Ng 2007a; Homolodromiidae: Ng & McLay 2005; Majidae: Richer de Forges & Ng 2007b; Leucosidae: Komatsu et al. 2005; Galil & Ng 2007; Ng & McLay 2005; Mathildellidae: Ng & Ho 2003; Crosnier & Ng 2004; Calappidae: Ng 2003; Pseudoziidae: Ng & Liao 2002; Goneplacidae: Castro, in press; Vultocinidae: Ng & Manuel-Santos 2007; Stomatopoda: Ahyong, 2004; various taxa: Takeda & Manuel 2000; Takeda & Manuel- Santos, 2007). All this new material obtained from the sampling of the slopes shows that in many cases, rarity is an illusion. Species appear to be rare when their preferred habitats are unknown or because such habitats cannot be sampled effectively (Ng 2006). Acknowledgements The first specimens of this new genus were obtained through a collaborative survey of the Panglao area by the first author and Lawrence Liao of the University of San Carlos (USC), Cebu. The holotype was obtained from a Franco-Philippine workshop cum expedition, PANGLAO 2004, organized by Philippe Bouchet (MNHN) and Danilo Largo (USC). We thank them for help and support. The first author s work in Singapore is supported by a Raffles Museum fellowship, with travel support also provided by the French Embassy in Singapore, under their MERLION grant. References Ahyong, S. T. (2004) New species and new records of stomatopod Crustacea from the Philippines. Zootaxa, 793, 1 28. Baker, W. H. (1906) Notes on the South Australian decapod Crustacea. Part IV. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 30, 104 117, pls. 1 3. Barnard, K. H. (1950) South African Decapod and Stomatopod Crustacea. Annals of the South African Museum, 38, 1 864. Balss, H. (1924) Die Oxyrhynchen und Schlusssteil (Geographische übersicht der Decapoden Japans). Ostasiatische Decapoden, V. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 90(A)(5), 20-84. Balss, H. (1929) Decapoden des Roten Meeres IV. Oxyrhyncha und Schlussbetrachtungen. Expedition S. M. Pola in das Rote Meer. Zoologische Ergebnisse XXXVI. Denkschriften der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, 102, 1 30, text figs, 1 9, pl. 1. Bouchet, P. & Ng, P. K. L. (2004) Panglao Marine Biodiversity Project, May July 2004. Unpublished Expedition Report, 12 pp. Castro, P. (in press) A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of ten new genera and eighteen new species. Zoosystema. Crosnier, A. & Ng, P. K. L. (2004) Remarques sur le genre Intesius (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Goneplacidae) et description de deux espèces nouvelles. Zoosystema, 26(2), 263 277. Costa, O. G. (1838) Genere Eurinome; Eurynome Leach. Fauna del Regno di Napoli (Crostacei ed Aracnedi), (10), 8 10. Pl. 3, fig. 3. Forest, J. & Guinot, D. (1966) Campagne de la "Calypso" dans le Golfe de Guinée et aux îles Principe, São Tomé et Annobon (1956). 16. Crustacés Décapodes: Brachyoures. In: Résultats scientifiques des Campagnes de la "Calypso", fascicule 7. Annales de l Institut océanographique (Monaco), 44, 23 124, fig. 1 19. Galil, B. S. & Ng, P. K. L. (2007) Leucosiid crabs from Panglao, Philippines, with descriptions of three new species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura), Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, in press. Griffin, D. J. G. (1964) A review of the genus Eurynome Leach (Decapoda, Majidae) and a new species from New 66 Zootaxa 1644 2007 Magnolia Press RICHER DE FORGES & NG

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